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A Image from Department of Zoology Southern Illinois University at Carbondale B As a part of an experiment, a scientist is examining brain tissues obtained from the frontal cortex of two different mice. While one mouse has not undergone any special treatments, the other house mouse has been subjected to a procedure intended to introduce a specific genetic mutation. The mutation in question reduces the rate at which the mouse’s cells can synthesize ribosomal RNA. If the scientist is primarily interested in whether the mutation procedure was effective, which histological stain would be most useful for comparing the brain tissues obtained from these two mice? C One of the foundational debates in the history of neuroscience concerned the microscopic structure of nervous tissue. Proponents of the reticular theory believed that all nervous tissue was made of interlinked, continuous networks of fibers. In contrast, the proponents of the neuron doctrine proposed that nervous tissue was composed of discrete, individual cells rather than a continuous network of biological materials. Which stain do you think would be most useful for preparing a tissue sample which supports the neuron doctrine? Image from Medical University of South Carolina. HINT: image was used to detect the presence of amyloid plaques (large protein aggregates) which appear as bright red patches in the tissue sample E F Image from study published by Wills et al. (2011) in Molecular Autism Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by the breakdown of the myelin sheath. Without the protective insulation of the myelin, affected neurons often deteriorate, die, and are replaced by plaques of fibrous scar tissue (the term ‘multiple sclerosis’ can be translated as ‘many scars’. A young man with a family history of multiple sclerosis has been seeing a neurologist due recent motor disturbances including repeated loss of balance and unexpected transient limb paralysis. The neurologist orders a CT head scan (sclerotic plaques in the brain can often be identified this way), but detects no plaques. To be thorough, she also takes several spinal biopsies from her patient. Assuming that this neurologist is concerned with detecting the presence or absence of myelin in her patient’s spine, which stain would be most useful? G Image from Columbia University SBPDM Histology Lab Manual. HINT: Image depicts a large blood vessel H Suppose a scientist is interested in comparing the total number of neurons present in a specific region of the temporal lobe for human brain donors who have experienced traumatic brain injury versus donors who have not experienced traumatic brain injury. He consults with a senior colleague, who explicitly advises AGAINST using one of the four stains discussed in this lab. Which stain would be most problematic for this particular line of research? Image from study published by Foo and Sobah (2014) in Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Case Reports J Top image from Online Veterinary Academy Bottom image from Wikipedia.org K L Image from UMass Amherst Biology Department. M Structure A Structure B Image from University of New South Wales Embryology. N Image from Columbia University SBPDM Histology Lab Manual G B A E F C D Image from Scientific American blog Image from University of Michigan Faculty of Medicine