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Chapter 13 PowerPoint Notes Name: Darwin’s theory of evolution by _______ _________ is supported by 4 major points: 1. _______ variation exist w/in the genes of every population or species (the result of ______ mutation & translation errors). 2. In a particular environment, some individuals of a ___________ or _________ are better suited to survive (as a result of variation) and have more offspring (natural selection). 3. Over time, the _________ that make certain individuals of a population able to ________ and _______ tend to spread in that __________. 4. There is __________ evidence from ______ & many other sources that living species evolved from organisms that are _________. Darwin’s Ideas Updated: Change within populations: Darwin’s main point was that in any population, the individuals that are ______ suited to survive & do well in their environment will produce the most offspring. So, the ______ of those individuals will become ______ common in each new generation. Now, we know that _______ are responsible for _________ traits. __________ ________ causes the frequency of certain alleles in a population to increase or decrease over time. ___________ & the recombination of _______ that occurs during ______ reproduction provide for endless sources of _______ variation. ___________ Formation Because the __________ differs from place to place, ________ of the same species living in different locations tend to _______ in different __________. _____________ ___________ is the condition in which two populations of the same species do not breed with one another b/c of _______ separation, a difference in mating ______, or other ________ to reproduction. The ________ of Evolution Evolution is understood to be a _______ process that occurs continuously. This is called ____________. Some scientists believe that evolution of some species may actually occur in ______ ______, followed by ______ periods of no change. This change is called ____________ _______________. Natural Selection Over time, natural selection results in changes in ______ characteristics of a population. These changes _______ a species _______ in its environment _________ of Evolution The __________ Record __________ Distribution of Living Things ____________ Body Structures ____________ Organs or Structures Similarities in ____________ Development Changes in ____________ ___________ & Development Studying the anatomy of different types of organisms often reveals basic ______ in body ________ even through the structures ___________ may differ between organisms. ________ structures ___________ structures __________ development Chapter 13 PowerPoint Notes Name: Homologous Structures-structures that have different ________ forms in different organisms, but develop from the same embryonic tissue. ______________ organs-organs that serve no useful function in an organism i.e. ________, miniature legs, arms CHANGES IN ________ Natural Selection at Work ________ – a change in the nucleotide-base sequence of a gene or DNA molecule If species have changed over time, then the ________ that determine the species’ characteristics should also have changed by _________ Examples of Evolution Evolution of _________ resistant diseases. The _______ needs to survive to reproduce. Eventually, a mutation will occur in its __________ that will allow even one _____ cell to fight off the ________. As it ________, more antibiotic resistant cells are made and the antibiotic currently used becomes ______. Darwin’s _________: different ______ utilized during food shortage. Formation of a new __________ __________ formation occurs in stages. Natural selection favors changes that increase ____________ success. So, species are improved to “____” into their _____________ (ie. Fitness). __________________ of differences between groups- ________________. ____________ leads to the formation of new _________________. Formation of new species- ______________. Forming subspecies In environments differ enough, then separate populations of the same species can become so different that they become a new _______________. Populations of the same species that differ _____________ b/c of adaptations to different ______ conditions become __________________. Once they are ______________ enough, the subspecies may become a completely _______ species. Due to ___________ barriers that form. Summary of Darwin’s Theory ___________ in nature differ from one another Organisms in nature produce _______ offspring than can survive, and many of those who do not survive do not _________. Because more organisms are produce than can survive, each species must ________ for _____________ Each ________ is unique, each has ____________ and ___________ in the struggle for _________ Individuals _______ suited for the environment _________ and _________ most successful ______________ change over time Species alive today _______ with __________ from species that lived in the past All organisms on earth are united into a single ___________ __________ of life by __________ _________