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Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ SECTION 50-1 REVIEW HORMONES VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms. 1. target cell ______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. second messenger ________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. prostaglandin ___________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 4. hormone _______________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank. _____ 1. Amino acid–based hormones are a. protein hormones only. b. derived from cholesterol. c. considered as second messengers. d. None of the above _____ 2. Because steroid hormones are fat-soluble, they can a. synthesize new enzymes. b. activate DNA synthesis. c. diffuse through the cell membrane of target cells. d. act as a first messenger or a second messenger. _____ 3. Cyclic AMP a. is produced in response to amino acid–based hormones. b. appears in cycles. c. is produced in response to steroid hormones. d. attaches to DNA to control mRNA transcription. _____ 4. Glands do not secrete a. hormones. b. mucus. c. prostaglandins. d. saliva. _____ 5. A steroid-hormone-receptor complex a. binds to cyclic AMP. c. binds to DNA in the nucleus. b. acts through cell-surface receptors. d. All of the above Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 279 Hormones Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided. 1. How does a first messenger affect a target cell? ________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. How are hormones transported throughout the body? ____________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. Are sweat glands considered to be endocrine glands? Explain your answer. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 4. Critical Thinking Why might the cells of two different organs respond differently to cyclic AMP activation? ________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Use the information given and the figure at right to answer the following questions. The diagram at right shows an amino acid–based hormone (a protein) that has been divided into four segments—A, B, C, and D—with an enzyme that cuts up proteins. In the experiment, each segment was physically isolated from the others, and a specific antibody was raised against each segment. The antibodies are identified according to the segment to which each of them binds. Cultured target cells of the hormone were then exposed to a mixture of the complete protein hormone and one of the antibodies. The responses of the cells are Antibodies Cell Response presented in the data table at right. Anti-A normal 1. Which of the antibodies prevented the action of Anti-B normal the hormone? _______________________ Anti-C none 2. In general, does the binding of an antibody prevent the hormone’s action? Explain your Anti-D normal answer. ____________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. What do these observations suggest about the hormone’s action on its target cells? _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 280 Hormones Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ SECTION 50-2 REVIEW ENDOCRINE GLANDS VOCABULARY REVIEW Explain the relationship between the terms in each of the following pairs of terms. 1. hypothalamus, pituitary gland ______________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. epinephrine, norepinephrine ________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone ______________________ _______________________________________________________________ 4. insulin, diabetes mellitus __________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 5. estrogen, testosterone _____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank. _____ 1. Which of the following endocrine glands is not controlled by the pituitary gland? a. testes b. thyroid gland c. adrenal cortex d. adrenal medulla _____ 2. Thyroxine is important to the control of a. cellular metabolic rates. c. diabetes mellitus. b. sex-hormone production. d. calcium uptake. _____ 3. Which of the following is a sex hormone? a. norepinephrine c. progesterone b. cholesterol d. cortisol _____ 4. Lethargy and low body temperature are symptoms of a defect in the a. adrenal medulla. c. pancreas. b. islets of Langerhans. d. thyroid gland. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 281 Endocrine Glands Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________ SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided. 1. List two hormones that regulate the concentration of calcium in the blood and describe their effects. _____________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. Name the two posterior-pituitary hormones, and describe their actions and sites of production. _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 3. Critical Thinking In a person with goiter, would the blood level of TSH be below normal, normal, or above normal? Explain your answer. ____________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Use the figure of a feedback mechanism below to answer the following questions. In the figure, the number of hormone molecules represents the relative blood concentrations of hormone A and hormone B. 1. Which cell is defective in Situation 1? What happens to the hormone concentrations as a result of this defect? ______________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ 2. Which cell is defective in Situation 2? What happens to the hormone concentrations as a result of this defect? ______________________________ _______________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Modern Biology 282 Endocrine Glands