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Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SECTION 50-1 REVIEW
HORMONES
VOCABULARY REVIEW Define the following terms.
1. target cell ______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. second messenger ________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. prostaglandin ___________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. hormone _______________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.
_____ 1. Amino acid–based hormones are
a. protein hormones only.
b. derived from cholesterol.
c. considered as second
messengers.
d. None of the above
_____ 2. Because steroid hormones are fat-soluble, they can
a. synthesize new enzymes.
b. activate DNA synthesis.
c. diffuse through the cell membrane of target cells.
d. act as a first messenger or a second messenger.
_____ 3. Cyclic AMP
a. is produced in response to amino acid–based hormones.
b. appears in cycles.
c. is produced in response to steroid hormones.
d. attaches to DNA to control mRNA transcription.
_____ 4. Glands do not secrete
a. hormones.
b. mucus.
c. prostaglandins.
d. saliva.
_____ 5. A steroid-hormone-receptor complex
a. binds to cyclic AMP.
c. binds to DNA in the nucleus.
b. acts through cell-surface receptors. d. All of the above
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
279
Hormones
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.
1. How does a first messenger affect a target cell? ________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. How are hormones transported throughout the body? ____________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. Are sweat glands considered to be endocrine glands? Explain your answer.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. Critical Thinking Why might the cells of two different organs respond
differently to cyclic AMP activation? ________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Use the information given
and the figure at right to answer the following questions.
The diagram at right shows an amino acid–based hormone (a
protein) that has been divided into four segments—A, B, C, and
D—with an enzyme that cuts up proteins. In the experiment,
each segment was physically isolated from the others, and a
specific antibody was raised against each segment. The
antibodies are identified according to the segment to which each
of them binds. Cultured target cells of the hormone were then exposed to a
mixture of the complete protein hormone and one
of the antibodies. The responses of the cells are
Antibodies Cell Response
presented in the data table at right.
Anti-A
normal
1. Which of the antibodies prevented the action of Anti-B
normal
the hormone? _______________________
Anti-C
none
2. In general, does the binding of an antibody
prevent the hormone’s action? Explain your
Anti-D
normal
answer. ____________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. What do these observations suggest about the hormone’s action on its target
cells?
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
280
Hormones
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SECTION 50-2 REVIEW
ENDOCRINE GLANDS
VOCABULARY REVIEW Explain the relationship between the terms in each
of the following pairs of terms.
1. hypothalamus, pituitary gland ______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. epinephrine, norepinephrine ________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone ______________________
_______________________________________________________________
4. insulin, diabetes mellitus __________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
5. estrogen, testosterone _____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
MULTIPLE CHOICE Write the correct letter in the blank.
_____ 1. Which of the following endocrine glands is not controlled by the
pituitary gland?
a. testes b. thyroid gland c. adrenal cortex d. adrenal medulla
_____ 2. Thyroxine is important to the control of
a. cellular metabolic rates.
c. diabetes mellitus.
b. sex-hormone production.
d. calcium uptake.
_____ 3. Which of the following is a sex hormone?
a. norepinephrine
c. progesterone
b. cholesterol
d. cortisol
_____ 4. Lethargy and low body temperature are symptoms of a defect in the
a. adrenal medulla.
c. pancreas.
b. islets of Langerhans.
d. thyroid gland.
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
281
Endocrine Glands
Name ______________________________ Class ___________________ Date __________________
SHORT ANSWER Answer the questions in the space provided.
1. List two hormones that regulate the concentration of calcium in the blood and
describe their effects. _____________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. Name the two posterior-pituitary hormones, and describe their actions and
sites of production.
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
3. Critical Thinking In a person with goiter, would the blood level of TSH be
below normal, normal, or above normal? Explain your answer. ____________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
STRUCTURES AND FUNCTIONS Use the figure of a feedback mechanism
below to answer the following questions. In the figure, the number of
hormone molecules represents the relative blood concentrations of
hormone A and hormone B.
1. Which cell is defective in Situation 1? What happens to the hormone
concentrations as a result of this defect? ______________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
2. Which cell is defective in Situation 2? What happens to the hormone
concentrations as a result of this defect? ______________________________
_______________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________
Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor.
Modern Biology
282
Endocrine Glands