Download Effect of Energy-reduced Diets High in Dairy

Weighing The Evidence: What Is The Role of Milk Products in Healthy Weights?
SUMMARIES
Effect of Energy-reduced Diets High in Dairy Products
and Fiber on Weight Loss in Obese Adults
Thompson WG, Holdman NR, Janzow DJ et al. Obes Res 2005;13:1344-1353.
OBJECTIVE
KEY FINDING
To examine if the effect of a high-dairy diet on
weight loss would be enhanced with a high-fiber,
low glycemic diet.
There was substantial weight loss and fat loss
with calorie restriction, increased exercise, and
close follow-up with a dietitian.
Weight loss in diets with moderate or high dairy
calcium intake did not differ. A daily calcium
intake of 800 mg (or 2 dairy servings) may be
sufficient to enhance weight loss. Above this level,
no additional effects are seen.
The addition of high-fiber, low-glycemic foods
to the high-dairy diet did not result in additional
weight loss or fat loss.
STUDY DETAILS
– Randomized trial of 90 obese subjects;
72 completers and 53 adherers (compliant
with diet and exercise requirements more
than 75% of the time)
– Subjects first completed a 2-week run-in period
(weight maintenance) during which they kept
daily food records and exercise logs
– Diets were designed to provide a calorie deficit
of 500 kcal/day over a 48-week period. Caloric
goals were readjusted at 12, 24 and 36 weeks
to further weight loss
– Subjects were instructed to exercise (i.e., brisk
walking, treadmill or exercise bicycle) at least
30 minutes four times a week during the study
– Baseline characteristics of the 3 groups did
not differ
Study Diets
Moderatedairy
– Energy deficit of 500 kcal
– 2 servings dairy/day
800 mg calcium
High-dairy – Energy deficit of 500 kcal
1400 mg calcium – 4 servings dairy/day (at least
2 of which were fluid milk)
High-fiber, – Same as the high-dairy plus
high-dairy
increased fiber (via whole grains,
1400 mg calcium
fruit and vegetables) and a
reduction in glycemic index
(foods with a glycemic index
>100 were discouraged)
RESULTS
– All three diets resulted in significant and
comparable weight loss (9%, intent-to-treat;
11% completers; 12% adherers), fat loss and
trunk fat loss
– Most of the weight loss in all three groups
occurred in the first 24 weeks
– There were no significant differences in weight
loss or fat loss between the 800 or 1400 mg dairy
calcium diets in the completers
– There were also no significant differences in
weight loss or fat loss in the high-calcium, highfiber, low-glycemic index diet and the 800 mg
dairy calcium diet
– This study did not have a low-calcium group
(<600 mg/day) with which to compare results
– Significant improvements were seen in the lipid
profile (increased HDL, decreased total and
LDL cholesterol), high-sensitivity C-reactive
protein, leptin, fasting glucose, and insulin
in all diet groups, but not between groups
– Further work needs to be done to compare
diets low in dairy products (400 to 600 mg
calcium daily) with diets that are moderate
(800 to 1000 mg) and high (1200 to 1400 mg)
in dairy products
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Weighing The Evidence: What Is The Role of Milk Products in Healthy Weights?
Progression of weight loss over 48 weeks (completers)
Moderate-dairy
diet
(n=26)
10.0 ± 6.8
Completer weight loss (kg)
Fat loss by DEXA* (kg)
7.5 ± 6.6
Trunk fat loss by DEXA (kg)
4.4 ± 3.9
Change in waist
8.8 ± 6.3
circumference (cm)
Change in hip
7.1 ± 6.6
circumference (cm)
High-dairy
diet
(n=22)
11.8 ± 6.1
9.0 ± 6.0
4.7 ± 3.9
High-fiber,
high-dairy diet
(n=24)
10.6 ± 7.9
8.5 ± 7.8
4.9 ± 4.6
p value
11.6 ± 6.1
11.0 ± 7.6
0.34
8.9 ± 4.3
8.5 ± 6.6
0.18
0.45
0.58
0.95
* Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA), waist, and hip circumference data are for completers. No statistically significant differences were
seen in the intention-to-treat or in the adherer analysis for any of these parameters.
Thompson et al. 2005
Thompson WG, Holdman NR, Janzow DJ et al. Obes Res 2005;13:1344-1353.
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