Download CELLS and Cell Transport: REVIEW

Name: ______________________________ Date ___________________ Period __________
CELLS and Cell Transport: REVIEW-HOMEWORK PACKET
Honors Biology-Ms. Kim
DUE DATE: Monday: December 2, 2013
Here are the following topics on Tuesday’s test:
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Cell Scientists and Cell Theory
Prokartyotic Cells
Eukaryotic Cells (Plants and animals)
Cell Organelles and Function
Cell Membrane Structure and Function
Cell Transport: Passive – Diffusion and Osmosis
Cell Transport: Active Transport
The following Review/Homework Packet does NOT include everything, but includes
A LOT of practice problems.
Cells and Organelles
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1.
2.
What are the four features all cells have in common?
a.
______________________________________
b.
______________________________________
c.
______________________________________
What are the three principles of the Cell Theory?
a.
______________________________________
b.
______________________________________
c.
______________________________________
3.
Draw and Label the prokaryotic cell below with: flagella, nucleoid region, capsule, DNA, pili, cell wall, cell membrane,
cytoplasm and ribosome.
4.
Why is surface area to volume such an important concept as it applies to the size of a cell?
5. State if the structure is found in Eukaryote Plant Cells, Eukaryote Animal Cells, Both Plant and Animal cells, Prokaryote
(bacteria) cells or ALL cells.
Eukaryote Plant (P)
Eukaryote Animal (A)
Both Plant & Animal (PA)
Prokaryote Bacteria (Pro)
 All Cells (ALL)
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NucleusNuclear EnvelopeChromosomes/ChromatinNucleolusRibosomesRough Endoplasmic reticulumSmooth Endoplasmic reticulumGolgi ApparatusLysosomesVacuolesCentral vacuole w/ tonoplastMitochondriaChloroplastCytoskeleton (microtubules, microfilaments)CentriolesCiliaFlagellaCell wall-
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Cell Membrane & Transport
6.
What does selective permeability mean and why is that important to cells?
7.
a. Draw and label a phospholipid molecule.
8.
Label the diagram below:
a. Phospholipid bilyaer, Integral Protein, Fatty acid tails, Phosphate heads, Peripheral protein, Cholesterol, Glycoprotein,
Glycolipids
9.
Describe the functions of the following:
a. Lipid bilayerb.
Protein channels-
c.
Carbohydrate chains-
d.
Cholesterol-
10. What is diffusion?
11. What is osmosis?
12. What happens to a cell’s size when placed in solutions that are:
a. Hypotonic _______________________________________________________________
b. Hypertonic ______________________________________________________________
c. Isotonic _________________________________________________________________
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13. What is the solute concentration OUTSIDE the cell in each of the solutions below (compare solute concentrations outside
the cell with inside the cell).
a. Hypotonic _______________________________________________________________
b. Hypertonic ______________________________________________________________
c. Isotonic ________________________________________________________________
14. Why is water balance different for cells that have walls as compared to cells without walls?
15. Label the diagram below using the following: plasmolysis, cytolysis, healthy plant cell, healthy animal cell, turgid
16. Fill in the table below:
Is energy
Type of Transport
(ATP) used?
Yes or no
Against or down the concentration
gradient? High to Low (H  L) or
Low to High (L H)
Proteins involved
Example
(if any)
Passive
Facilitated
Active
(membrane
pumps)
Exocytosis
Pincytosis
Phagocytosis
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17. Based on what you’ve learned, in your own words, answer the following questions regarding movement of materials through
a cell membrane.
a. What does semi-permeable mean?
b.
What is the net movement of molecules from high to low concentrations called?
c.
What is the term for the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane?
d.
What does (dynamic) equilibrium mean?
e.
What is a hypertonic solution?
f.
What is a hypotonic solution?
g.
What is an isotonic solution?
18. Observe the diagrams in the table below. Assume that the dots are dissolved particles on either side of the cell membrane.
They are like oxygen molecules that can go across the membrane. Do the following situations represent concentration
gradients? If so, in which direction would diffusion occur?
\
gradient?
gradient?
gradient?
Yes or No
Yes or No
Yes or No?
movement
movement
movement
left, right, or
none
left, right, or none
left, right, or
none
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19. Observe the diagrams in the table below. Assume that the dots are dissolved particles (like
protein or carbohydrate molecules) on either side of the cell membrane. Do the following situations represent
concentration gradients? If so, in which direction would osmosis occur?
gradient?
gradient?
gradient?
Yes or No
Yes or No
Yes or No?
movement
movement
movement
left, right, or
none
left, right, or none
left, right, or
none
20. Observe the table below. Are the following hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic solutions? Which way will water mostly
move? (some situations may have water moving equally)
intracellular
fluid
extracellular fluid
(outside of the cell)
(CYTOPLASM )
Draw a picture
Hypotonic,
Hypertonic,
Isotonic?
5% salt
10% salt
10% salt
10% salt
3% glucose
1% glucose
9% salt
9% salt
13% water
25% water
59% water
45% water
water moves
mostly
inside or
outside the cell
cell shrinks,
swells, or
stays the same
size
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74% glucose
87% glucose
21. Observe the diagram below and answer the questions. HINT: what type of cell is this?
20% water
1 0%
salt
a.. Can you tell if the cell is in a hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic solution? Why or why not?
b. What will happen to the cell if it is placed in a 50% salt solution?
c.. What will happen if the cell is placed in pure water?
22. Part A: Define the following terms, IN YOUR OWN WORDS, IN AS FEW WORDS AS CLARITY ALLOWS.
cell membrane
diffusion
concentration gradient
solute
solvent
osmotic pressure
plasmolysis
turgor pressure
facilitated transport
active transport
endocytosis
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phagocytosis
pinocytosis
exocytosis
glycolipid
Fluid Mosaic Model
23) Part B - Short Answers
1.
2.
3.
Diffusion is the movement of molecules from the area of __________________concentration to the area of __________________
concentration.
Osmosis is the movement of __________________across a selectively permeable membrane.
A cell is isotonic to a solution of 0.01% sugar.
a. What concentration would by hypertonic? ________________________________
b. What concentration would be hypotonic? _________________________________
4.
a) What happens to an animal cell in a hypotonic solution? ____________________________
b) What happens to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution? __________________________
5.
6.
Turgor pressure is best exemplified by placing a plant cell in a ___________________solution.
Give an example:
a. of diffusion in the body______________________________________________
b. of facilitated transport ______________________________________________
c. of active transport_________________________________________________
7.
i.
List 3 ways in which active transport differs from the process of diffusion across a cell membrane.
ii.
iii.
8.
i.
List 2 ways in which facilitated transport differs from active transport.
ii.
9. Within each of the three pairs, choose the more concentrated solution:
Pairs
80% water
20% starch b. 90% water
a. 100 g water b. 10 g NaCl
a. 50 g water b. 5 g NaCl
Answer
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85% solvent
15% solute 75% solvent
10. Consider this diagram.
(Permeable to glucose and water and Impermeable to
protein)
a) Will the concentration of water stay the
same on side A or become greater or less
with time?______________________
b) Will the concentration of protein on side
A stay the same or become greater or less
with time? _____________________
c) Glucose will cross the membrane in
which direction? __________________
d) Which side will rise? __________________
e)
After the U-tube reaches equilibrium, what will the % of the level glucose on each side be? _____________________________
11. Red blood cells neither gain nor lose water when put into 0.9% NaCl.
a) What term would you use to describe the tonicity of 0.9% NaCl for Red blood cells? _________
b) Are the solutions below hypertonic or hypotonic to red blood cells?
i) 15% NaCl __________________ ii) 0.001% NaCl __________________
12. Answer True or False
a. If a plant cell is placed in salt solution, the central vacuole will shrink
b. If a red blood cell is placed in distilled water, it will shrink
c. If a plant cell is placed in distilled water, the cell membrane will move away from the cell wall
d. If a red blood cell is placed in a salt solution, salt will enter the cells, giving them a strange
appearance
e. Crenation is to plasmolysis as hemolysis is to turgor pressure
13. Which of these does not require an expenditure of energy? a) diffusion b) osmosis c) facilitated transport d) none of these
require energy
14. Cell drinking is synonymous with a) cell eating b) endocytosis c) phagocytosis d) pinocytosis
15. Which of the following substances would be taken into a cell by phagocytosis?
a) dissolved gases b) proteins c) simple sugars d) steroid lipids
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16. An animal cell will always take in water when placed in a
a) hypertonic solution b) hypotonic solution c) isotonic solution d) osmotic solution
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