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Name: ______________________________ Date ___________________ Period __________ CELLS and Cell Transport: REVIEW-HOMEWORK PACKET Honors Biology-Ms. Kim DUE DATE: Monday: December 2, 2013 Here are the following topics on Tuesday’s test: Cell Scientists and Cell Theory Prokartyotic Cells Eukaryotic Cells (Plants and animals) Cell Organelles and Function Cell Membrane Structure and Function Cell Transport: Passive – Diffusion and Osmosis Cell Transport: Active Transport The following Review/Homework Packet does NOT include everything, but includes A LOT of practice problems. Cells and Organelles 1 1. 2. What are the four features all cells have in common? a. ______________________________________ b. ______________________________________ c. ______________________________________ What are the three principles of the Cell Theory? a. ______________________________________ b. ______________________________________ c. ______________________________________ 3. Draw and Label the prokaryotic cell below with: flagella, nucleoid region, capsule, DNA, pili, cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm and ribosome. 4. Why is surface area to volume such an important concept as it applies to the size of a cell? 5. State if the structure is found in Eukaryote Plant Cells, Eukaryote Animal Cells, Both Plant and Animal cells, Prokaryote (bacteria) cells or ALL cells. Eukaryote Plant (P) Eukaryote Animal (A) Both Plant & Animal (PA) Prokaryote Bacteria (Pro) All Cells (ALL) NucleusNuclear EnvelopeChromosomes/ChromatinNucleolusRibosomesRough Endoplasmic reticulumSmooth Endoplasmic reticulumGolgi ApparatusLysosomesVacuolesCentral vacuole w/ tonoplastMitochondriaChloroplastCytoskeleton (microtubules, microfilaments)CentriolesCiliaFlagellaCell wall- 2 Cell Membrane & Transport 6. What does selective permeability mean and why is that important to cells? 7. a. Draw and label a phospholipid molecule. 8. Label the diagram below: a. Phospholipid bilyaer, Integral Protein, Fatty acid tails, Phosphate heads, Peripheral protein, Cholesterol, Glycoprotein, Glycolipids 9. Describe the functions of the following: a. Lipid bilayerb. Protein channels- c. Carbohydrate chains- d. Cholesterol- 10. What is diffusion? 11. What is osmosis? 12. What happens to a cell’s size when placed in solutions that are: a. Hypotonic _______________________________________________________________ b. Hypertonic ______________________________________________________________ c. Isotonic _________________________________________________________________ 3 13. What is the solute concentration OUTSIDE the cell in each of the solutions below (compare solute concentrations outside the cell with inside the cell). a. Hypotonic _______________________________________________________________ b. Hypertonic ______________________________________________________________ c. Isotonic ________________________________________________________________ 14. Why is water balance different for cells that have walls as compared to cells without walls? 15. Label the diagram below using the following: plasmolysis, cytolysis, healthy plant cell, healthy animal cell, turgid 16. Fill in the table below: Is energy Type of Transport (ATP) used? Yes or no Against or down the concentration gradient? High to Low (H L) or Low to High (L H) Proteins involved Example (if any) Passive Facilitated Active (membrane pumps) Exocytosis Pincytosis Phagocytosis 4 17. Based on what you’ve learned, in your own words, answer the following questions regarding movement of materials through a cell membrane. a. What does semi-permeable mean? b. What is the net movement of molecules from high to low concentrations called? c. What is the term for the diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane? d. What does (dynamic) equilibrium mean? e. What is a hypertonic solution? f. What is a hypotonic solution? g. What is an isotonic solution? 18. Observe the diagrams in the table below. Assume that the dots are dissolved particles on either side of the cell membrane. They are like oxygen molecules that can go across the membrane. Do the following situations represent concentration gradients? If so, in which direction would diffusion occur? \ gradient? gradient? gradient? Yes or No Yes or No Yes or No? movement movement movement left, right, or none left, right, or none left, right, or none 5 19. Observe the diagrams in the table below. Assume that the dots are dissolved particles (like protein or carbohydrate molecules) on either side of the cell membrane. Do the following situations represent concentration gradients? If so, in which direction would osmosis occur? gradient? gradient? gradient? Yes or No Yes or No Yes or No? movement movement movement left, right, or none left, right, or none left, right, or none 20. Observe the table below. Are the following hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic solutions? Which way will water mostly move? (some situations may have water moving equally) intracellular fluid extracellular fluid (outside of the cell) (CYTOPLASM ) Draw a picture Hypotonic, Hypertonic, Isotonic? 5% salt 10% salt 10% salt 10% salt 3% glucose 1% glucose 9% salt 9% salt 13% water 25% water 59% water 45% water water moves mostly inside or outside the cell cell shrinks, swells, or stays the same size 6 74% glucose 87% glucose 21. Observe the diagram below and answer the questions. HINT: what type of cell is this? 20% water 1 0% salt a.. Can you tell if the cell is in a hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic solution? Why or why not? b. What will happen to the cell if it is placed in a 50% salt solution? c.. What will happen if the cell is placed in pure water? 22. Part A: Define the following terms, IN YOUR OWN WORDS, IN AS FEW WORDS AS CLARITY ALLOWS. cell membrane diffusion concentration gradient solute solvent osmotic pressure plasmolysis turgor pressure facilitated transport active transport endocytosis 7 phagocytosis pinocytosis exocytosis glycolipid Fluid Mosaic Model 23) Part B - Short Answers 1. 2. 3. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from the area of __________________concentration to the area of __________________ concentration. Osmosis is the movement of __________________across a selectively permeable membrane. A cell is isotonic to a solution of 0.01% sugar. a. What concentration would by hypertonic? ________________________________ b. What concentration would be hypotonic? _________________________________ 4. a) What happens to an animal cell in a hypotonic solution? ____________________________ b) What happens to an animal cell in a hypertonic solution? __________________________ 5. 6. Turgor pressure is best exemplified by placing a plant cell in a ___________________solution. Give an example: a. of diffusion in the body______________________________________________ b. of facilitated transport ______________________________________________ c. of active transport_________________________________________________ 7. i. List 3 ways in which active transport differs from the process of diffusion across a cell membrane. ii. iii. 8. i. List 2 ways in which facilitated transport differs from active transport. ii. 9. Within each of the three pairs, choose the more concentrated solution: Pairs 80% water 20% starch b. 90% water a. 100 g water b. 10 g NaCl a. 50 g water b. 5 g NaCl Answer 8 85% solvent 15% solute 75% solvent 10. Consider this diagram. (Permeable to glucose and water and Impermeable to protein) a) Will the concentration of water stay the same on side A or become greater or less with time?______________________ b) Will the concentration of protein on side A stay the same or become greater or less with time? _____________________ c) Glucose will cross the membrane in which direction? __________________ d) Which side will rise? __________________ e) After the U-tube reaches equilibrium, what will the % of the level glucose on each side be? _____________________________ 11. Red blood cells neither gain nor lose water when put into 0.9% NaCl. a) What term would you use to describe the tonicity of 0.9% NaCl for Red blood cells? _________ b) Are the solutions below hypertonic or hypotonic to red blood cells? i) 15% NaCl __________________ ii) 0.001% NaCl __________________ 12. Answer True or False a. If a plant cell is placed in salt solution, the central vacuole will shrink b. If a red blood cell is placed in distilled water, it will shrink c. If a plant cell is placed in distilled water, the cell membrane will move away from the cell wall d. If a red blood cell is placed in a salt solution, salt will enter the cells, giving them a strange appearance e. Crenation is to plasmolysis as hemolysis is to turgor pressure 13. Which of these does not require an expenditure of energy? a) diffusion b) osmosis c) facilitated transport d) none of these require energy 14. Cell drinking is synonymous with a) cell eating b) endocytosis c) phagocytosis d) pinocytosis 15. Which of the following substances would be taken into a cell by phagocytosis? a) dissolved gases b) proteins c) simple sugars d) steroid lipids 9 16. An animal cell will always take in water when placed in a a) hypertonic solution b) hypotonic solution c) isotonic solution d) osmotic solution 10