Download Attention Deficit Disorder and Attention Deficit

HOW DOES ATTENTION-DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY
DISORDER AFFECT PHYSICAL, COGNITIVE, AND SOCIAL
DEVELOPMENT
ELIZABETH MCMULLEN
QUESTIONS…
 1. At what age do children show signs of having ADD/ADHD?
 2. What are the short and long term effects of having ADD/ADHD?
 3. Why do children with ADD/ADHD have more issues with social interactions?
 4. How do these social “issues” relate to Vygotsky’s social development theory?
WHAT IS IT?
 Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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3 types:
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Inattentive (ADD) – means that a person shows enough symptoms of inattention (easy distractibility) but is not hyperactive or impulsive
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Hyperactive-Impulsive – occurs when a person has symptoms of hyperactivity and impulsivity, but not inattention
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Combined – when a person has symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity
Causes:
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Neurobiologically-based developmental disability
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Imbalance or deficiency in certain neurotransmitters which help to regulate behavior
Genetically transmitted
COGNITIVE
 ADHD can cause cognitive developmental delays, and can cause long term developmental issues if not addressed
 Some cognitive symptoms include:
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Lacking attention to detail
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Short attention span
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Forgetfulness
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Unable to concentrate on tasks
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Little or no sense of danger
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Unable to keep emotions in check
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Random outbursts of anger
PHYSICAL
 While the physical effects may not seem as severe, they still can cause serious issues
 Some physical symptoms include:
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Fidgeting and squirming
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Leg shaking, foot tapping, fingers drumming
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Excessive running, climbing, and other physical activities
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Unable to sit still/get up frequently
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Constantly changing tasks and activities
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Unorganized
SOCIAL
 Some social symptoms include:
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Speaking without thinking
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Impatience
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Interrupting conversations/not waiting to talk or act
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Excessive talking
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Little or no sense of danger
WHEN TO DIAGNOSE?
 Inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, and…
 These symptoms are often seen as typical behavior with children, seeing as how children are naturally energetic
and always wanting to play
 They will also exhibit the symptoms in more than one setting, like school, at home, with friends, and in other
activities
 Children with ADHD will experience an excess of these symptoms
 Clear evidence that the symptoms interfere with their functioning at school/work or impact ability to socialize
with others
 No other possible explanations (anxiety, mood swings, etc.)
 By the age of 12, a child will display symptoms of ADHD
VYGOTSKY’S SOCIOCULTURAL THEORY
 Vygotsky’s Sociocultural Theory states that cognitive development proceeds as a result of social interactions
 The symptoms are displayed before the age of 12 – social skills developed by then
 ADHD is known to impair ones ability to socially interact with others
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Children with ADHD have a lack in cognitive development, because their disability limits them on how much and how well
they can socially interact with others
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They do not receive the knowledge that comes from these social interactions
RESOURCES
 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) - Symptoms. (2016, April 25). Retrieved April 02, 2017, from
http://www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Attention-deficit-hyperactivity-disorder/Pages/Symptoms.aspx
 Kinman, T. (2015, May 14). ADHD and ADD: Differences, Types, Symptoms, and Severity (S. Kim MD, Ed.). Retrieved
April 02, 2017, from http://www.healthline.com/health/adhd/difference-between-add-and-adhd?m=0#adult-adhd7
 What is Attention-Deficit Disorder? Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? AD/HD? ADD/ADHD? ADHD?
(2017). Retrieved April 02, 2017, from http://www.add-adhd.org/ADHD_attention-deficit.html