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Winter 2016 Mid-term Study Guide
1. What is the smallest unit that can carry on all
functions of life? cells
2. What is the major difference between prokaryotes
and eukaryotes? Prokaryotes have no nucleus
3. Which organelle makes most of ATP during cellular
respiration? Mitochondria
4. Which process moves water molecules across the
cell membrane? osmosis
5. What does photosynthesis turn light energy into?
Chemical energy
6. How do small molecules cross the cell membrane?
diffusion
7. Which organelle produces proteins? ribosomes
Winter 2016 Mid-term Study Guide
8. What is endocytosis? Process of taking materials
into the cell membrane by engulfment
9. What is active transport? Moving molecules from
low concentration to high concentration.
10.
Which process do most organisms use to break
down energy? Cellular respiration
11.
What is diffusion? The process where molecules
move from high concentration to low
concentration.
12.
Where does photosynthesis take place in a plant
cell? Chloroplast
Winter 2016 Mid-term Study Guide
13.
What is the function of a cell’s selectively
permeable plasma membrane? Regulate what
enters and leaves the cell.
14.
The blueprint for protein is carried by which
molecule? DNA
15.
Which plant cell organelle uses light energy to
produce sugar? Chloroplast
16.
What are the two main processes by which
plant cells absorb, release and use energy?
Photosynthesis and respiration
17.
How are osmosis and diffusion related? They are
both forms of passive transport
Winter 2016 Mid-term Study Guide
18.
What is passive transport? Movement of
molecules without energy expenditure. (without
using energy)
19.
What is the body’s first line of defense against
invading pathogens such as bacteria and viruses?
skin
20.
What is osmosis? Movement of water across the
cell membrane
21.
What do plants need to make their own food?
Carbon dioxide and water
22.
What is glucose? Most common energy source for
all cells and enters cells through facilitated diffusion.
Winter 2016 Mid-term Study Guide
23.
What is the function of the cell membrane?
Regulates what comes in and out of the cell
24.
Which is the simplest level of organization in a
human being? Cell
25.
Which body system responds and tries to
defend our body against viruses? Immune system
26.
What is homeostasis? Maintaining internal
environments
27.
Where does digestion begin? mouth
28.
Which two systems work together to help the
body move? Skeletal and muscular
Winter 2016 Mid-term Study Guide
29.
Which organ systems work together to keep
your body cool by perspiring? Nervous and
circulatory
30.
When muscles work with the brain which two
systems are working together? Skeletal and
muscular
31.
How do enzymes help digestion? Enzymes are
proteins that speed up the process of chemically
breaking down food molecules.
32.
What name is given to a group of similar cells
that perform a special function together and make
up an organ? tissue
Winter 2016 Mid-term Study Guide
33.
Which organelle is the powerhouse of the cell?
mitochondria
34.
What type of energy do muscles convert
chemical energy into? Mechanical energy
35.
Which two systems are most responsible for
providing cells with oxygen and removing carbon
dioxide? Circulatory and respiratory
36.
How do molecules move during diffusion? From
higher concentration to lower concentration
37.
How do gases such as oxygen and carbon
dioxide cross the plasma membrane? Through
passive diffusion through the lipid bilayer
Winter 2016 Mid-term Study Guide
38.
What are the levels of tissue organization? Cell-
tissue-organ-organ system-organism