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ELA Outline for Final Exam 1. ELA Final Exam Part I: Essay – Monday, June 1, 2015 2. ELA Final Exam Part II: Grammar, Punctuation, Vocabulary – Friday, June 12, 2015 Types of Sentences: (Grammar Workbook, pages 102-103) 1. 2. 3. 4. Interrogative: asks a question and ends with a question mark. Declarative: makes a statement and ends with a period. Imperative: gives a command or makes a request and ends with a period. Exclamatory: expresses a strong emotion and ends with an exclamation mark Direct Object: a direct object is a noun or a pronoun in the predicate that receives the action of the verb. It answers the question what? Or whom? after an action verb. (Grammar Workbook, page 7) Mike found a book about astronomers. (What did Mike find?) Indirect Object: an indirect object answers the question to what? for what? to whom? or for whom? after an action verb. (Grammar Workbook, page 8) Jen gave Maria the telescope. (To whom did Jen give the telescope?) Verb: shows action or state of being. It tells what the subject of the sentence does or did. Verb phrase: two or more verbs used together as a unit. A verb phrase contains the main verb and an auxiliary, or helping, verb. (ELA Grammar Workbook, pages 55-56) The Brown family traveled to San Francisco. (verb) Many cities have passed strict laws on texting and driving. (verb phrase) Main Verbs and Helping Verbs: a verb phrase consists of a helping verb and a main verb. The main verb shows what the subject does or is. The helping verb helps the main verb show an action. By itself, a helping verb cannot show action. We must protect the earth. Helping verb Main verb 1 Linking Verbs: a linking verb is a verb that links the subject to a noun or an adjective in the predicate. (Grammar Workbook, page 63) She is a student. (A predicate noun names or identifies the subject.) Marie was happy. (A predicate adjective describes the subject.) Appositives: An appositive is a word or group of words that identifies or tells more about the noun it follows. Commas are used to set off most appositives from the rest of the sentence. (Grammar Workbook, page 13) John, my best friend, has a new video game. Complex Sentence: a complex sentence contains an independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. (Grammar Workbook, page 118) I found an old license plate while I was fishing. An independent clause can stand alone as a sentence. I found an old license plate. A dependent clause cannot stand alone as a sentence. It begins with a conjunction such as after, although, as, as if, as though, because, before, if, since, though, until, unless, where, wherever, whenever, while. while I was fishing A preposition relates a noun or pronoun to another word in a sentence. (Grammar Workbook, pages 109-110) We always have a great time at the circus. A prepositional phrase contains a preposition, the object of the preposition, and modifiers of the object. Noun: names a person, place, thing, or idea. (Grammar Workbook, page 1) Adjective: describe nouns (Grammar Workbook, page 39) Adverb: describes a verb, an adjective, or another adverb. (Grammar Work, page 85) Interjection: a word that expresses a strong or sudden emotion; for example: Wow! Awesome! Excellent! Hey! (Grammar Workbook, page 125) 2 Vocabulary Words: Units 11, 12, and 13 Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 dawdle immobile liberated unerring meteoric sabotage supplement fatality crotchety rotund resourceful inevitable implement atrocity innovation sluggish foiled ingrained strapping trait affluence logical doled prevail abducted perishable giddy deluded skimp stealthy nimble rendezvous bumbling amble ambiguous cringe saunter deluge dogged stealthy intimidate refurbish parody scant discretion rummage earmark verge dumbfounded titanic impact distort avenge rend subordinate replenish compact sleuth Commonly Misspelled Words: achieve a lot believe calendar decide definite different doesn’t familiar formulate friend grammar necessary occurred opportunity optimist receive separate similar their Cinquain Poetry: the structure of a traditional cinquain poem 1. Cinquains are five lines long. 2. They have 2 syllables in the first line, 4 in the second, 6 in the third, 8 in the fourth line, and just 2 in the last line. 3. Cinquains do not need to rhyme, but you can include rhymes if you want to. 3