Download Сборник контрольных работ - Куйбышевский медицинский

Государственное автономное образовательное учреждение
среднего профессионального образования Новосибирской области
«Куйбышевский медицинский техникум»
Сборник контрольных работ
по английскому языку
отделение «Лечебное дело» 060101
Составила:
преподаватель
иностранных языков
Курилова Е.В.
г.Куйбышев
Аннотация
Сборник контрольных работ является методическим пособием,
включающего грамматический и лексический материал в соответствии с
требованиями ГОС СПО по иностранному языку для студентов 4-5 курса
медицинского техникума повышенного уровня обучения для специальности
«Лечебное дело».
Цель настоящего сборника - выполнение студентами самостоятельных работ с
отработкой грамматического материала, профессиональной лексики,
фразеологических оборотов и терминов, техника перевода (со словарем)
профессионально ориентированных текстов.
Сборник состоит из четырех контрольных работ. Каждая контрольная работа
содержит четыре варианта:
- Контрольная работа № 1 Тема: «The Skeleton»
- Контрольная работа № 2 Тема: «Muscles and Tissues»
- Контрольная работа № 3 Тема: «Cardiovascular System»
- Контрольная работа № 4 Тема: «Respiratory System»
Данный сборник контрольных работ можно также использовать и для всех, кто
продолжает изучать английский язык с целью овладеть навыками чтения
медицинской литературы.
Содержание
1) Контрольная работа № 1 Тема: «The Skeleton»
2) Контрольная работа №2 Тема: «Muscles and Tissues»
3) Контрольная работа № 3 Тема: «Cardiovascular System»
4) Контрольная работа № 4 Тема: «Respiratory System»
Контрольная работа № 1
Тема: «The Skeleton»
Вариант 1
Задание 1: повторите грамматические темы
1. глаголы «to be, to have»
2. порядок слов в утвердительном предложении
3. конструкцию «there is/ there are»
4. времена группы Simple Active
5. III формы глагола
Задание 2: прочтите текст
The Skeleton
The bony framework of the body is the skeleton. It consists of 223 bones of various size and
shapes. The skeleton gives firm but flexible support to soft tissues. The joints, cartilages and
ligaments between the bones determine the degree and the quality of the motion.
The bones forming the skeleton are divided into the bones of the head, the bones of the trunk,
and the bones of the upper and lower extremities.
26 bones of the head form the skull. This box-like structure protects the brain which is in many
ways the most important organ of the body.
The bones of the trunk are the spinal column (spine) and the chest (thorax) which includes 12
pairs of ribs and the breastbone. In the spine there are 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumber, 5 sacral
vertebrae and the coccyx which may have from 1 to 5 vertebrae. The upper extremity includes
the arm, the forearm, and the hand. The lower extremity consists of the thigh, the leg, and the
foot.
Notes: - box-like structure-структура, подобная…
- in many ways-до определенной степени
Задание 3: найдите в тексте и выпишите эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:
1. разные формы и размеры
2. мягкие ткани
3. степень и качество движения
4. самый важный орган
5. костная основа
Задание 4: напишите местонахождение следующих частей тела и скелета по модели:
Spinal column- in the trunk
1. brain2. forearm3. chest4. breastbone5. skullЗадание 5: заполните пропуски, используя текст:
1. The skeleton consists of ... bones.
2. 26 bones of the head form....
3. The...the most important organ of the body.
4. The chest includes 12 pairs of ribs and the...
5. There are 7 ... vertebrae in the spinal column.
Задание 6: переведите предложения, обращая внимание на конструкцию «there
is/are»
1. There are 223 bones in the skeleton.
2. There are 26 bones in the skull.
3. In the coccyx there are from 1 to 5 vertebrae.
Задание 7: дайте краткие ответы «да или нет» на следующие вопросы:
1. Is the skeleton the bony framework of the body?
2. Is the brain the most important organ of the trunk?
3. Are ribs in the chest?
4. Are bones of the same size and shapes?
Задание 8: отметьте номера предложений, соответствующих тексту
1. Skeleton serves as a means of attachment for skeletal muscles.
2. Bones are of various size and shapes.
3. Chest and spinal column are the bones of the trunk.
4. Arm, forearm, and hand are the parts of the upper extremity.
Задание 9: дайте полные ответы на следующие вопросы
1. What is the skeleton?
2. How many bones are there in the skeleton?
3. How many bones are there in the skull?
4. What is the most important organ of the body?
5. What are the bones of the trunk?
6. How many pairs of ribs are there in the chest?
7. How many vertebrae are there in the coccyx?
8. How many thoracic vertebrae are there in the spine?
Задание 10: выпишите из текста все сказуемые в настоящем времени, 3 лице,
единственном числе
Задание 11: раскройте скобки, употребив соответствующую форму сказуемого в
настоящем времени:
1. Bones (to have) various size and shapes.
2. The skeleton (to support) soft tissues.
3. The bones of the trunk (to include) the spinal column and the chest.
4. The lower extremity (to consist) of the thigh, the leg, and the foot.
Задание 12: напишите III формы следующих глаголов:
To have, to protect, to include, to give, to form
Контрольная работа № 1
Тема: «The Skeleton»
Вариант 2
Задание 1: повторите грамматические темы
1. глаголы «to be, to have»
2. порядок слов в утвердительном предложении
3. конструкцию «there is/ there are»
4. времена группы Simple Active
5. III формы глагола
Задание 2: прочтите текст
The Skeleton
The human adult skeleton consists of more than 200 bones. The distribution of bones is as
follows: skull-26 bones, spinal column-32-34 vertebrae, chest (thorax)-24 ribs and the
breastbone, upper extremities-64 bones, lower extremities-62 bones.
Skeleton is the framework of the body and it serves as a means of attachment for the skeletal
muscles. It also protects delicate structures such as the brain, the heart and the lungs.
The joints give the bones mobility.
The most important part of the skeleton is the spinal column, for as we know, naturalists
divided all animals into 2 classes- those which have the spine and those which haven’t any.
There are cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral vertebrae and the coccyx in the human spine.
At the upper end of the spine there is the bony structure we call the skull.
Another strong cage- the chest is in front of the spine. It consists of 12 thoracic vertebrae, the
breastbone and 12 pairs of ribs.
Shoulder and pelvic girdles serves to connect upper and lower extremities to the trunk.
Notes: for, as we know- поскольку, как мы знаем
Задание 3: найдите в тексте и выпишите эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:
1. взрослый человек
2. основа (каркас) тела
3. мощная клетка
4. обеспечивать подвижность
5. служить для соединения
Задание 4: напишите местонахождение следующих частей тела по модели:
Foot- in the lower extremity
1. heart 2. hand3. ribs4. brain5. legЗадание 5: заполните пропуски, используя текст:
1. There are 32-34 ... in the spinal column.
2. Chest consists of 24 ribs and the....
3. ... is the most important part of the skeleton.
4. There are more than 200... in the skeleton.
5. The lower extremity includes..., leg and foot.
Задание 6: переведите предложения, обращая внимание на конструкцию «there
is/are»
1. There is the head, the trunk and extremities in the human body.
2. In the skull there are 26 bones.
3. There are 62 bones in the lower extremities.
Задание 7: дайте краткие ответы «да или нет» на следующие вопросы:
1. Is the heart in the chest?
2. Are cervical vertebrae parts of the upper extremity?
3. Is the coccyx in the head?
4. Is the trunk the part of the human body?
Задание 8: отметьте номера предложений, соответствующих тексту
1. Some animals have the spine and some animals have no spine.
2. Bones have different size and shapes.
3. Shoulder girdle connects upper extremity with the trunk.
4. There are four fingers and one thumb in each hand.
Задание 9: дайте полные ответы на следующие вопросы
1. What are the parts of the upper extremity?
2. Where is the brain?
3. How many bones are there in the skeleton?
4. What is the skeleton?
5. What are the vertebrae in the in the spinal column?
6. What is the skull?
7. What is the most important part of the skeleton?
8. How many pairs of ribs are there in the chest?
Задание 10: выпишите из текста все сказуемые в настоящем времени, 3 лице,
единственном числе
Задание 11: раскройте скобки, употребив соответствующую форму сказуемого в
настоящем времени:
1. The skeleton (to protect) the brain, the heart, the lungs and other organs.
2. Human body (to consist) of the head, the trunk and extremities.
3. Pelvic girdle (to connect) lower extremities to the trunk.
4. Naturalists (to divide) all animals into 2 classes.
Задание 12: напишите III формы следующих глаголов:
To serve, to give, to know, to connect, to divide
Контрольная работа № 1
Тема: «The Skeleton»
Вариант 3
Задание 1: повторите грамматические темы
1. глаголы «to be, to have»
2. порядок слов в утвердительном предложении
3. конструкцию «there is/ there are»
4. времена группы Simple Active
5. III формы глагола
Задание 2: прочтите текст
The Skeleton
The parts of the human body are the head, the trunk and the extremities. The skull is the bony
framework of the head, it protects the brain and supports the face.
The skeleton of the trunk consists of the spinal column (the spine), 7 servical, 12 thoracic, 5
lumbar, 5 sacral vertebrae and the coccyx.
Shoulder and pelvic girdles belong to the upper and lower extremities.
The upper extremity consists of the arm, the forearm and the hand.
There are four fingers and one thumb in each hand. The lower extremity has the thigh, the leg
and the foot.
The skeleton gives the upright strength to the body. The bones serve as a storehouse for calcium
and phosphorus releasing these minerals to the blood when the organism needs them.
Notes: storehouse-кладовая
Задание 3: найдите в тексте и выпишите эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:
1. костная основа
2. относиться к….
3. грудная клетка
4. служить в качестве
5. прямое положение
Задание 4: напишите местонахождение следующих частей тела по модели:
The face- in the head
1. the hand
2. the thigh
3. the breastbone
4. pelvic bones
5. brain
Задание 5: заполните пропуски, используя текст:
1. The ... gives the upright strength to the body.
2. There are 7.... vertebrae in the spinal column.
3. The parts of the... are the head, the trunk and the extremities.
4. The lower extremity has the thigh, the... and the foot.
5. The ... consists of the arm, the forearm and the hand.
Задание 6: переведите предложения, обращая внимание на конструкцию «there
is/are»
1. In the thoracic cage there are ribs and the breastbone.
2. There are 4 fingers and one thumb in each hand.
3. In the coccyx there are from 1 to 5 vertebrae.
Задание 7: дайте краткие ответы «да или нет» на следующие вопросы:
1. Are the head, the trunk and the extremities the parts of the human body?
2. Is the thumb in the forearm?
3. Are pelvic bones in the lower extremity?
4. Is the skull the bony framework of the head?
Задание 8: отметьте номера предложений, соответствующих тексту
1. The bones serve as a storehouse for minerals.
2. The bones determine the degree and the quality of the motion.
3. There are 4 fingers and one thumb in each hand.
4. The skull is the bony framework of the head.
Задание 9: дайте полные ответы на следующие вопросы
1. What are the parts of the lower extremity?
2. What is the bony framework of the head?
3. Where is the brain?
4. What bones are there in the trunk?
5. What are the parts of the human body?
6. How many fingers are there in each hand?
7. How many cervical vertebrae are there in the spinal column?
Задание 10: выпишите из текста все сказуемые в настоящем времени, 3 лице,
единственном числе
Задание 11: раскройте скобки, употребив соответствующую форму сказуемого в
настоящем времени:
1. Bones (to have) various size and shapes.
2. The skeleton (to support) soft tissues.
3. The bones of the trunk (to include) the spinal column and the chest.
4. The lower extremity (to consist) of the thigh, the leg, and the foot.
Задание 12: напишите III формы следующих глаголов:
To have, to protect, to include, to give, to form
Контрольная работа № 1
Тема: «The Skeleton»
Вариант 4
Задание 1: повторите грамматические темы
1. глаголы «to be, to have»
2. порядок слов в утвердительном предложении
3. конструкцию «there is/ there are»
4. времена группы Simple Active
5. III формы глагола
Задание 2: прочтите текст
The Skeleton
The skeleton consists of bones of the head, the trunk and extremities. In the adult the skeleton
has over 200 bones. The bones of the skull consist of cranial and facial parts. There are 26 bones
in the skull. It protects the brain, which is the most important organ of the body.
The bones of the trunk are the spinal column or the spine and the chest or thorax. The spine
consists of 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral vertebrae and the coccyx. There are 32 or
34 vertebrae in the spine of the adult. The lumbar vertebrae are the largest vertebrae in the spine.
In the girls, the spine grows most rapidly to the age of 15. In the boys it grows to the age of
19.The form of the first and the second cervical vertebrae is different from the others because
they take part in the flexible connection of the skull and the spine.
The chest is composed of the breastbone and 12 pairs of ribs. The breastbone is a long bone in
the middle of the chest.
The lower extremity consists of the thigh, leg and foot. It is connected with the trunk by the
pelvis. The arm, forearm and hand form the upper extremity. It is connected with the trunk by
the shoulder girdle.
The bones of the skeleton are connected together by the joints, cartilages and ligaments. The
bones consist of organic and inorganic substance.
Notes: is composed-состоит из…
Is connected-соединяться
Задание 3: найдите в тексте и выпишите эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:
1. подвижное соединение
2. в середине
3. отличаться от других
4. самый важный
5. неорганическое вещество
Задание 4: напишите местонахождение следующих частей тела по модели:
lumbar vertebrae - in the spine
1. breastbone
2. thigh
3. hand
4. brain
5. coccyx
Задание 5: заполните пропуски, используя текст:
1. In the... there are 26 bones.
2. Shoulder girdle connects trunk with the....
3. The upper extremity consists of the arm... and hand.
4. Lumbar ... are the largest ... in the human body.
5. There are 12... vertebrae in the spinal column.
Задание 6: переведите предложения, обращая внимание на конструкцию «there
is/are»
1. There are cranial and facial parts in the skull.
2. In the spine of the adult there are from 32 or 34 vertebrae.
3. In the skeleton, there are bones of the head, trunk and extremities.
Задание 7: дайте краткие ответы «да или нет» на следующие вопросы:
1. Are the spine and the chest bones in the lower extremities?
2. Is the brain in the skull?
3. Are there 26 bones in the skeleton?
4. Is foot the most important organ of the body?
Задание 8: отметьте номера предложений, соответствующих тексту
1. There are from 1 to 5 vertebrae in the coccyx.
2. The skeleton keeps the organ, blood vessels and nerves in place.
3. The pelvis connects the lower extremity with the trunk.
4. The breastbone is in the middle of the chest.
Задание 9: дайте полные ответы на следующие вопросы
1. What are the parts of the skull?
2. How many vertebrae are there in the skeleton?
3. Where is the spinal column?
4. What are the parts of the upper extremity?
5. What vertebrae are different from the others?
6. Where is the breastbone?
7. What is the most important organ of the body?
8. What are the largest vertebrae in the spine?
Задание 10: выпишите из текста все сказуемые в настоящем времени, 3 лице,
единственном числе
Задание 11: раскройте скобки, употребив соответствующую форму сказуемого в
настоящем времени:
1. The skeleton (to protect) the brain, the heart, the lungs and other organs.
2. Human body (to consist) of the head, the trunk and extremities.
3. Pelvic girdle (to connect) lower extremities to the trunk.
4. Naturalists (to divide) all animals into 2 classes.
Задание 12: напишите III формы следующих глаголов:
To serve, to give, to know, to connect, to divide
Контрольная работа №2
Тема: «Muscles and Tissues»
Вариант 1
ЗАДАНИЕ 1: повторите грамматические темы
1.
модальные глаголы
2.
вопросительные и отрицательные предложения
3.
безличные предложения
4. времена Continuous Active
5. пассивный залог
ЗАДАНИЕ 2: выпишите предложения со сказуемыми, в состав которых входит
модальный глагол, подчеркните эти сказуемые и переведите предложения
1. Instant diagnosis is the object of recent research.
2. Valves which detect the blood flow proximally are found in veins.
3. We could obtain the results only after the completion of the experiment.
4. We have seen hypertension from nifedipine.
5. Medical analysis of blood can help a doctor to diagnose a disease.
6. A general treatment programme may use this drug.
7. Doctors are looking for new ways to help patients with cancer.
8. Each ventricle must pump out the same amount of blood
ЗАДАНИЕ 3: ответьте кратко "да" или "нет" на следующие вопросы
1. Can you treat different diseases?
2. Must you work hard to be a good specialist?
3. Could you speak English when you were at school?
4.May you make injections?
ЗАДАНИЕ 4: переведите следующие безличные предложения
1. It is necessary to read scientific articles.
2. It will be difficult for him to follow a strict diet.
3.1t is impossible to treat him in the hospital.
4. It is easy to speak English if you have much practice.
5. It was not interesting to answer their questions.
ЗАДАНИЕ 5: найдите сказуемые в Continuous Active
1 .will attend
4. shall be working 7. have prepared
2. is treating
5. is diagnosed
8. am reading
3. was determined
6. were used
ЗАДАНИЕ 6: найдите и переведите предложения со сказуемыми в Continuous Active
1 .The problem concerning cancer is a most urgent one.
2. Clinicians were dealing with the basic mechanisms of cancer.
3. Numerous further trials have been published since then.
4. Doctors are improving survival rates for many cancer patients.
5. This book is to be recommended to medical students.
6. Having tested the method the researcher made an interesting report.
7. The doctors are fighting for the life of this patient.
ЗАДАНИЕ 7: дайте русские эквиваленты следующим латинским словам и
словосочетаниям
Muscle, specialized component, stimulus, ordinary, nerve, type, basis, structure. Physiological
characteristics, category.
ЗАДАНИЕ 8:прочтите текст "Muscular Tissue". Выпишите термины, относящиеся к
теме. Переведите их
Muscular Tissue
Muscle is the most abundant tissue in the body. The specialized component is the muscle
fiber, a long slender cell, which become shorter or thicker in response to a stimulus. These
fibers are supported and bound together by ordinary connective tissue and supplied with blood
vessels and nerves. Three types of muscular tissue can be distinguished on the basis of fine
structure and physiological characteristics: smooth, striated and cardiac.
Striated is the largest category of muscle tissue in the body. Striated muscle consists of
muscle cells which may be 10-100 mm thick and up to 15 cm long.
Smooth muscle consists of spindle - shaped cells of 40 - 200 mm long and 4 -20 mm thick.
Cardiac muscle differs from any other muscle. Its fibers are short and thick and form a dense
mesh.
ЗАДАНИЕ 9: переведите текст письменно
ЗАДАНИЕ 10: ответьте на вопросы письменно
1 .What is the muscle?
2. How many types of muscles can be distinguished?
3. Why does muscle fiber become shorter or thicker?
4.What muscle consists of muscle cells up to 15 cm long?
5.What can you say about the fibers of cardiac muscle?
ЗАДАНИЕ 11: задайте вопросы к подчеркнутым словам
1 .The body is composed of about 600 skeletal muscles.
2. Wide muscles form the walls of the body cavities.
3. There are many blood vessels and nerves in the muscles.
4. The muscles consist of a mass of muscle cells.
5. Proffessor Lesgaft studied static and dynamic muscles.
6. Two groups of muscles were established.
ЗАДАНИЕ 12: раскройте скобки, употребив сказуемые в пассивном залоге
1 . New methods of treating infectious diseases ... (to use) by the doctor.
2. The influenza virus .. (to isolate) in 1934.
3. Any viral infection ... (to influence) by interferon.
4. Many efforts ... (to make) to eliminate poliomyelitis.
5. New preventive methods and drugs .. (to devise) nowadays.
6. Much attention ... (to play) to the development of new vaccines.
Контрольная работа № 2
Тема: "Muscles and Tissues"
Вариант 2
ЗАДАНИЕ 1: повторите грамматические темы
1. модальные глаголы
2. вопросительные и отрицательные предложения
3. безличные предложения
4. времена Continuous Active
5. пассивный залог
ЗАДАНИЕ 2: выпишите предложения со сказуемыми, в состав которых входит
модальный глагол, подчеркните эти сказуемые и переведите предложения
1. The cardiac output can vary from 5 liters to 40 liters per minute.
2. According to the investigators the cell types are the same.
3. Pacemaker insertion rates have increased since 1971.
4. Blood test analysis with this system may take about 15 minutes.
5. Doctors are designing new techniques to treat many diseases.
6. The doctor could diagnose the disease thanks to modern equipment.
7. To perform the operation successfully doctors must use the new method.
8. The results of the analyses are displayed on a screen.
ЗАДАНИЕ 3: ответьте кратко "да" или "нет" на следующие вопросы
1. May you prescribe drags'?
2. Must patients follow doctor's instructions?
3. Could you understand your patients when you started your work?
4. Can students of the first year made diagnosis of the diseases?
ЗАДАНИЕ 4: переведите следующие безличные предложения
1. It was necessary to use a new method of treatment.
2. It is very interesting to listen to his lecture.
3. It was important to speak to the patient.
4. It will be useful to read the article.
5. It is impossible to meet him at the Institute.
ЗАДАНИЕ 5: найдите сказуемые в Continuous Active
1.has informed
4.must listen
7.am going
2.will inform
5.will be preparing
8.shall be sent
3.was speaking
6.had started
ЗАДАНИЕ 6: найдите и переведите предложения со сказуемыми Continuous
Active
1. The chapters in the paper are dealing with the laboratory work.
2. Accelerating the particles doctors can increase the dose to the cancer cells.
3. There are areas in the human body that are difficult to reach.
4. It is during cellular division that DNA is reproduced.
5. This new book has been revised since the publication of the first edition.
6. The new technique is becoming useful in clinical diagnosis.
7. He was preparing his report for several days.
ЗАДАНИЕ 7:дайте русские эквиваленты следующим латинским словам
словосочетаниям
Muscle, special, control, organic functions, nerve signal, to opera automatically,
Protective, condition.
ЗАДАНИЕ 8:прочтите текст "Muscles" и выпишите термины, относящиеся к теме.
Переведите их
Muscles
Muscles are special fibrous tissues of the body. They control movement are many organic
functions by contracting in response to nerve signals. Skeletal muscles are called voluntary
because they can be consciously controlled. They are attached to bones by tough fibrous tissues
called tendons. Other muscles, such as the stomach muscles and the heart, are involuntary and are
operated automatically by the central nervous system. The most important muscle in the body is
the heart.
Healthy muscles have good muscle tone. Not all muscles are healthy. An inflammation of a
tendon, of the protective sac at a joint, or of a muscle itself may occur. When a muscle becomes
fatigued, it sometimes contracts violently and painfully. This condition is known as a cramping.
ЗАДАНИЕ 9: переведите текст письменно
ЗАДАНИЕ 10: ответьте на вопросы письменно
1 .What do muscles control?
2. Why are skeletal muscles called voluntary?
3. What is the most important muscle of the body?
4.What do healthy muscles have?
5. When does a muscle contract violently and painfully?
ЗАДАНИЕ 11: задайте вопросы к подчеркнутым словам
1. Cardiac muscle differs from any other muscle.
2. There are three main types of muscular tissue.
3. Smooth muscles contract slowly and involuntary.
4. The body is formed by about 600 skeletal muscles.
5. Muscles are the active part of the motor apparatus.
6. Smooth muscles are long and thin in the skin and intestines.
ЗАДАНИЕ 12: раскройте скобки, употребив сказуемые в пассивном залоге
1. Influenza ... (to consider) an important health and economic problem.
2. The influenza massive virus multiplication ... (to stop) by two ways.
3. Interferon ... (to produce) by affected cells.
4. New preventive vaccines ... (to prepare) nowadays.
5. The phenomenon ... (to report) by many scientists.
6. Many efforts ... (to make) to develop new drugs.
Контрольная работа № 2
Тема "Muscles and Tissues"
Вариант 3
ЗАДАНИЕ 1:повторите грамматические темы
1. модальные глаголы
2. вопросительные и отрицательные предложения
3.безличные предложения
.
4.времена Continuous Active
5.пассивный залог
ЗАДАНИЕ 2:выпишите предложения со сказуемыми, в состав, которых входит
модальный глагол, подчеркните эти сказуемые и переведите предложения
1. Doctors are sometimes increasing the dose of the drug.
2. Doctor could operate during 3 hours thanks to his assistant's help.
3. 50 patients with angina pectoris were separated into 3 groups.
4. The surgeon must perform the operation as quick as possible.
5. Objective measurements have convincingly proved the hypothesis.
6. According to informed sources the situation is difficult.
7. Medical workers can perform blood tests and get results in minutes.
8. Tolerance may develop in some patients.
ЗАДАНИЕ 3: ответьте кратко "да" или "нет" на следующие вопросы
1. Must students of the medical institute know anatomy well?
2. Can you speak Latin?
З. May you be late for your work?
4. Cuold you prescribe drugs when you were a student?
ЗАДАНИЕ 4: переведите следующие безличные предложения
1. It is not easy to study English grammar.
2. It is important for the nurse to be very attentive.
3. It will be dangerous to postpone the operation.
4. It was very dark in the room and we could not read.
5. It was not necessary to give him this drug.
ЗАДАНИЕ 5: найдите сказуемые в Continuous Active
1.is learning
4.will attend
7.was diagnosed
2. were used
5.shall be doing
8.were followed
3. can treat
6.has increased
ЗАДАНИЕ 6: найдите и переведите предложения со сказуемыми в Continuous
Active
1. There is a possibility to develop a therapy for this disease.
2. When using some agents doctors can kill cancer cells.
3. Scientists are developing new techniques to increase the effectiveness of anticancer drugs.
4. It was possible to study certain tissue with the help of metallic salts.
5. Normal function may sometimes be restored.
6. Alcoholism is reaching epidemic proportions in some parts of the world.
7. We will be working in the institute laboratory in the morning on Friday.
ЗАДАНИЕ 7: дайте русские эквиваленты следующим латинским словам и
словосочетаниям
Type, muscular, identify and classify, basis, structure and function, contract, voluntary,
organ, tract, visceral muscle, organize, manipulate, skeleton, element.
ЗАДАНИЕ 8: прочтите текст "Types of Muscles", выпишите термины, относящиеся к
теме. Переведите их
Types of Muscles
There are three main types of muscular tissue that are identified and classified on the basis
of structure and functions:
Smooth muscles contract slowly and involuntary. They are found in those organs where
quick motion is not so vitally required. They make up the walls of the internal organs and the
digestive tract.
Since the internal organs referred to as visceral, the smooth muscles
sometimes called visceral muscles.
Striated muscles are organized for the purpose of quick contraction. Such muscles are
necessary for manipulating the bones of the skeleton. Those are the muscles involved in
walking, running, turning the head. Because they are involved with the skeleton, striated muscles
are sometimes called skeletal muscles.
Cardiac (heart) muscles are a huge net of muscles in which all elements are continuous with
each other. Cardiac muscle differs from skeletal muscle in that the cells making it up are not
separated but interconnected in various places.
ЗАДАНИЕ 9:переведите текст письменно
ЗАДАНИЕ 10:ответьте на вопросы письменно
1. How many types of muscular tissue are there?
2. Where are smooth muscles found?
3. Why are smooth muscles called visceral muscles?
4. What does cardiac muscle differ from?
5. What do striated muscles manipulate?
ЗАДАНИЕ 11: задайте вопросы к подчеркнутым словам
1. Smooth muscles contract slowly and involuntary.
2. They make up the walls of the internal organs and the digestive tract.
3. The specialized component of muscle is the muscle fiber.
4. Healthy muscles have good muscle tone.
5. Functionally all muscles are divided into two groups.
6. There are about 600 muscles in the human body.
ЗАДАНИЕ 12: раскройте скобки, употребив сказуемые в пассивном залоге
1. Microscopic anatomy ... (to use) to study tissues.
2. Muscular tissues ... (to identify) on the basis of their structure and function.
3. Smooth muscles ... (to find) in the walls of internal organs.
4. Skeletal muscles ... (to call) voluntary.
5. In visible structures ... (to define) by staining.
6. Tissues ... (to take) after death.
Контрольная работа № 2
Тема: "Muscles and Tissues"
Вариант 4
ЗАДАНИЕ 1: повторите грамматические темы
1. модальные глаголы
2. вопросительные и отрицательные предложения
3. безличные предложения
4. времена Continuous Active
5. пассивный залог
ЗАДАНИЕ 2:выпишите предложения со сказуемыми, в состав которых входит
модальный глагол, подчеркните эти сказуемые и переведите предложения
1. The patient's condition is not a serious one at present.
2. Various factors may cause spasm.
3. Scanner can do many things quicker than X — ray.
4. We have concentrated our interest on the study of angina at rest.
5. The patient must follow a very strict diet not to gain weight.
6. Scientists are using aggressive therapy for cancer patients.
7. They could investigate the ribosomes by a new method.
8. Little is known of the mechanisms by which the drag induces secretion.
ЗАДАНИЕ 3: ответьте кратко "да" или "нет" на следующие вопросы
1. Can you perform operations?
2. Must doctors be attentive to their patients?
3. May you work without your uniform?
4. Could you read Latin books when you studied in the college?
ЗАДАНИЕ 4: переведите следующие безличные предложения
1. It was cold and the children caught cold.
2. It will be impossible to speak to the doctor tomorrow.
3. It is very difficult to study Anatomy and Physiology.
4. It was not necessary to prescribe him a bed regimen.
5. It was very useful for us to be present at the conference.
ЗАДАНИЕ 5: найдите сказуемые в Continuous Active
l. will be done
4. shall prescribe
7.was attended
2. is making
5. am treating
8.will be speaking
3. had been asked
6. was told
ЗАДАНИЕ 6: найдите и переведите предложения со сказуемыми в Continuous
Active
1. There are a lot of drugs and methods of preventing malignant diseases.
2. The workers of our laboratory are investigating this question.
3. I will treat this patient keeping her in bed.
4. The changes do occur during cell activity.
5. Doctors were looking for new ways to help patients.
6. Specific plans are suggested for the observations of affected muscles.
7. Now the patient is receiving treatment in the surgical department.
ЗАДАНИЕ 7: дайте русские эквиваленты следующим латинским словам и
словосочетаниям
Muscle, active, motor apparatus, functional, group, complex, fiber, structure, parallel, organ,
esophagus, intestine, artery, vein, lymphatic, spontaneous, individual
ЗАДАНИЕ 8:прочитайте текст "Muscles" и выпишите термины, относящиеся к
теме. Переведите текст
Muscles
Muscles are the active part of the motor apparatus. Functionally all muscles are divided into
two groups: voluntary and involuntary muscles.
Voluntary muscles consist of striated muscle tissue and contract by the will of the man.
This group includes all the muscles of the head, trunk and extremities.
Skeletal muscles are complex in structure. They consist of muscle fibers; the fibers are
usually parallel to each other and are united in bundles. There are tendons at the ends of muscles
by means of which they are attached to bones.
Smooth muscles form the muscular coat of internal organs such as esophagus, stomach and
intestines. Smooth muscles form the walls arteries, veins and some of the larger lymphatics.
A smooth muscle contracts spontaneously in two ways. Firstly, individual cells may contract
completely and secondly, a wave of contractions may pass from one end of the muscle to
another. Smooth muscle cells are usually elongated cells. In the skin and intestines they are long
and thin but in the arteries they are short and thick.
ЗАДАНИЕ 9: переведите текст письменно
ЗАДАНИЕ 10: ответьте на вопросы письменно
1. How many groups are all muscles divided into?
2. What muscles do voluntary muscles include?
3. What are there at the ends of the muscles?
4. Where are smooth muscles long and thin?
5.What are muscles?
ЗАДАНИЕ 11: задайте вопросы к подчеркнутым словам
1. Skeletal muscles consist of muscle fibers.
2. A smooth muscle contracts spontaneously.
3. Smooth muscles are found in the walls of internal organs.
4. There are tendons at the ends of muscles.
5. All muscles can be divided into voluntary and involuntary muscles.
6. Muscles are the active part of the motor apparatus.
ЗАДАНИЕ 12: раскройте скобки, употребив сказуемые в пассивном залоге
l. A new diagnostic system ... (to devise) by the doctor.
2. The presence of cancer ... (to detect) by this instrument.
3. The results of analysis ... (to display) on the screen.
4. The description of this instrument ... (to give) in the medical journal.
5. Such tests ... (to perform) even by the untrained medical workers.
6. Newly developed instruments ... (to use) widely.
Контрольная работа № 3
Тема: "Cardiovascular System"
Вариант 1
ЗАДАНИЕ 1: повторите грамматические темы
1. степени сравнения прилагательных
2. причастие I и II в роли определения
3. времена группы Perfect
4. правило согласования времен
ЗАДАНИЕ 2: прочтите текст
The Work of the Human Heart
The human heart contracts from the first moment of life to the last one. The contractions of
the heart pump blood through the arteries to all the parts of the body. Scientists have determined
that the total weight of the blood pumped by the heart daily is about 10 tons.
Physiologists have established that in the adult the heart makes from 60 to 72 beats per
minute. In children the rate of heartbeat is much higher. Research work of many scientists has
helped to determine that the rate of heartbeat increases depending on different emotions.
Each beat of the heart is followed by a period of rest for the cardiac muscle. Each wave of
contraction and a period of rest following it compose a cardiac cycle. The period of rest is
shorter during greater physical exertion and longer when the body is at rest.
The physiologists called the first phase of short contraction of both atria - the atria systole,
the second phase of more prolonged contraction of both ventricles — the ventricular systole.
The period of rest of the cardiac muscle is called the diastole.
The blood received by the left atrium from the pulmonary circulation is discharged out by
the left ventricle to the systemic circulation through the aorta. The atria act as receiving
chambers.
ЗАДАНИЕ 3: найдите в тексте и выпишите английские эквиваленты
следующих словосочетаний
1. сокращение сердца
2. по артериям
3. общий вес крови
4. у взрослого
5. частота сердцебиений
6. период расслабления
7. физическая нагрузка
8. большой круг кровообращения
9. малый круг кровообращения
ЗАДАНИЕ 4: найдите в тексте, выпишите и переведите предложения со степенями
сравнения прилагательных и наречий, подчеркните их
ЗАДАНИЕ 5: переведите предложения, в которых причастие I и II выступают в
роли определения
1. This hypothesis has attracted much attention.
2. He got new equipment for the organized department.
3. Japanese scientists designed a new instrument.
4. The method studied by the professor was very useful.
5. It is interesting to note that both doctors were right.
6. The new technique is becoming increasingly useful.
7. The research using a combination of anticancer drugs was carried out in our clinic.
ЗАДАНИЕ 6: выпишите из текста предложения с причастием I и II в роли
определения, причастия подчеркните. Переведите предложения
ЗАДАНИЕ 7: переведите предложения со сказуемыми в Perfect Tense
1. The surgeon has always been an integral part of medical science.
2. The surgery of today is called physiological surgery.
3. The hospital was visited by some American doctors.
4. The lab surgical equipment has to be modernized.
5. We have concentrated our interest on the study of the arteries.
6. Doctor Black studied some enzymes that he had isolated.
ЗАДАНИЕ 8: выпишите из текста предложения со сказуемыми в Perfect Tense,
сказуемые подчеркните и переведите предложения
ЗАДАНИЕ 9: закончите предложения одним из предложенных вариантов.
Полученные предложения перепишите и переведите
1. The lecturer told us that the total weight of the blood pumped by the heart daily ...
a) was ten tons.
b) is ten tons.
c) has been ten tons.
2. We knew that before administration of this drug his heart ...
a) made 80-90 beats per minute.
b) has made 80-90 beats per minute.
c) had made 80-90 beats per minute.
3. It was interesting to know that after physical exertion the period of rest...
a) would be shorter.
b) will be shorter.
c) is shorter.
ЗАДАНИЕ 10: дайте русские эквиваленты следующим латинским словам и
словосочетаниям
Medical problems, cardiovascular system, atherosclerosis, essential hypertension,
ischemic epidemiologist, clinician, family factors, methodological, specific genetic hypothesis,
statistical procedure, specific anti-infarct service, therapeutic measure, preventive medicine,
practical recommendations.
Контрольная работа № 3
Тема: "Cardiovascular System"
Вариант 2
ЗАДАНИЕ 1: повторите грамматические темы
1. степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий
2. причастие I и II в роли определения
3. времена группы Perfect
4. правило согласования времен
ЗАДАНИЕ 2: прочтите текст и составьте англо-русский словарь по теме
Cardiovascular System
The most important muscle in the body is the heart. Without the heart and its circulatory
system human life would not be possible. Physiologists have determined that the heart is the size
of about two fists. The normal weight of the heart is half of one percent or a little less of the
total body weight. But the professional athlete's heart is a little heavier. It contracts at an
average rate of 72 beats per minute. On physical exertion the heart can have more beats. These
rhythmical contractions called the pulse rate can be felt in the radial artery or the wrist.
The human heart consists of four chambers, two atria and two ventricles. Each is made up
of several layers of cardiac muscle arranged in circles and spirals. Scientists have established
that there are four valves in the heart: two in the left chamber and two in the right one. During
the contraction phase, called the systole, oxygenated blood is pumped out of the left ventricle
into the aorta. The blood carrying carbon dioxide is passed back to the right atrium through the
veins during the diastole. From there it is pumped into the right ventricle and to the pulmonary
artery to be sent to the lungs.
The rest of the system consists of arterioles, venules and capillaries, the smallest of
blood vessels.
ЗАДАНИЕ 3: найдите в тексте, выпишите и переведите предложения со степенями
сравнения прилагательных и наречий, подчеркните их
ЗАДАНИЕ 4: переведите предложения, в которых причастие I и II выступают в
роли определения
1 .The heart consisting of the right chambers has no opening between them.
2. The patient called in a physician from a polyclinic.
3. The heart is the inner organ located in the chest.
4. Most of the arteries are composed of three coats.
5. This patient is breathing with great difficulty.
6. The muscular structure of the heart consists of fibrous bands divide into two groups.
7. This method helped him to determine the origin of the disease.
ЗАДАНИЕ 5: выпишите из текста предложения с причастием I и II в роли
определения, причастия подчеркните. Переведите предложения
ЗАДАНИЕ 6: переведите предложения со сказуемыми в Perfect
1. The patient had a bad pain in the heart area.
2. The therapeutist has come to the conclusion to treat patient at home.
З. Не has to give up smoking.
4. In this male a heart disease was followed by dyspnea.
5. The surgeon had already completed the operation.
6. The patient with heart attack had to be on a sick-leave.
ЗАДАНИЕ 7: выпишите из текста предложения со сказуемыми в Perfect,
сказуемые подчеркните и переведите предложения
ЗАДАНИЕ 8: закончите предложения одним из предложенных вариантов.
Полученные предложения перепишите и переведите
1. At the lecture we learnt that there ... four chambers in the heart.
a) was
b) were
c) is
2. Before Vesalius all the scientists considered that the left and the right heart chambers ... by
the valves.
a) are connected
b) have connected
c) were connected
3. The patient stated that he ... operation on the heart.
a) had had
b) had
c) has had
ЗАДАНИЕ 9: вместо точек вставьте подходящие по смыслу слова или
словосочетания
1. The ... is the most important muscle in the body.
2. The ... of the heart is about two fists.
3. The rhythmical contractions of the heart are called ....
4. The human heart consists of four ....
5. There are two ... and two ... in each chamber.
6. There are four ... in the heart.
ЗАДАНИЕ 10: выразите свое согласие или несогласие со следующими
утверждениями, используя выражения
You are quite right — вы совершенно правы
I fully agree with you - я с вами полностью согласен
I am afraid you are wrong - боюсь, что вы не правы
I don't agree with you - я с вами не согласен
l. The heart is the most important muscle of the body.
2. All people have the same size and weight of their hearts.
3. There are four valves in the human heart, but there are no valves between the left and the right
chambers.
4. Through the pulmonary artery the heart pumps blood carrying oxygen to the lungs.
5. Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels.
ЗАДАНИЕ 11: дайте русские эквиваленты следующим латинским словам и
словосочетаниям
Objective examination, palpating the arteries, region, normally, ventricle contraction,
percussion of the thorax, position, individual cavity
Контрольная работа № 3
Тема: "Cardiovascular System"
Вариант 3
ЗАДАНИЕ 1: повторите грамматические темы
1. степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий
2. причастие I и II в роли определения
3. времена группы Perfect
4. правило согласования времен
ЗАДАНИЕ 2: прочтите текст
The Cardiovascular System
The cardiovascular system is the system of blood circulation. It includes the heart, the
arteries, the veins and the capillaries.
The center of the circulatory system is the heart. It is a cone-shaped organ about 5 inches
long and 3,5 inches broad. Its weight is about 10 ounces in the adult male or 6 ounces in the
female. The heart is a hollow muscular organ divided into 2 chambers by the septum. Each
chamber consists of an upper part called the atrium and lower part called the ventricle. The oneway valves separate the atria from the ventricles. The right atrium is larger, but the walls of the
left atrium are thicker. The left ventricle is longer and more conical than the right one.
Functionally the heart is a unit of two isolated pumps: the "right heart" is the pump station of
the pulmonary circulation and the "left heart" is that of the general system.
The blood vessels receiving blood from the ventricles and carrying it to the organs and
tissues are the arteries or "air ducts" in Greek. These vessels were found empty in dead persons
and early anatomists thought they carried air. The most important artery of the general system
starting from the left ventricle is the aorta. The arteries divide forming smaller and smaller
vessels with thinner and thinner walls. Finally they turn into capillaries which art finer than
hair. Gradually the capillaries begin to join into larger vessels carrying blood to the heart and
called veins.
Notes: ounce — унция (28, 3 r) inch — дюйм (2,5см)
ЗАДАНИЕ 3: найдите в тексте и выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих
словосочетаний
1. конусообразный орган
2. примерно 5 дюймов в длину
3. у взрослого мужчины
4. верхняя и нижняя часть
5. насосная станция
6. малый круг кровообращения
7. большой круг кровообращения
8. мертвые люди
9. постепенно
ЗАДАНИЕ 4: составьте англо-русский словарь по теме "Сердечнососудистая
система"
ЗАДАНИЕ 5: найдите в тексте, выпишите и переведите предложения со степенями
сравнения прилагательных и наречий, подчеркните их
ЗАДАНИЕ 6: переведите предложения, в которых причастие I и II выступают в
роли определения
1. Chest examination showed a right upper lobe consolidation.
2. There are 16 to 20 of the rings separated by fibrous connective tissue.
3. The internal organs are closely packed together and yet can work freely.
4. Pneumonia can be classified by the distribution of the affected alveoli.
5. Nothing happens unless resistance is lowered.
6. She developed increasing shortness of breath without chest pain.
7. The activity of the organ is gradually decreasing.
ЗАДАНИЕ 7: выпишите из текста предложения с причастием I и II в роли
определения, причастия подчеркните. Переведите предложения
ЗАДАНИЕ 8: переведите предложения со сказуемыми в Perfect Tense
1. Many years have passed since the first operation.
2. Oxygen has to obtained to supply every cell of the organism.
3. Most Americans had never heard of Hyaline Membrane Disease.
4. A 19-year girl was transferred to a hospital with the diagnosis of ulcer.
5. An American surgeon has found a way to replace the damaged bone.
6. She was found to have diffuse wheezes over both lungs.
ЗАДАНИЕ 9: выпишите из текста предложения со сказуемыми в Perfect, сказуемые
подчеркните и переведите предложения
ЗАДАНИЕ 10: закончите предложения одним из выбранных вариантов.
Полученные предложения перепишите и переведите
1 .At the lesson we knew that the heart...
a) has a cone-shaped organ.
b) is a cone-shaped organ.
c) was a cone-shaped organ.
2. He read in the book that Greeks ... arteries "air ducts"
a) have called
b) had called
c) were called
3. The teacher told us that gradually capillaries ... into larger vessels.
a) will join
b) would join
c) join
ЗАДАНИЕ 11: дайте русские эквиваленты следующим латинским словам и
словосочетаниям
Physiologist, functional, cardiac muscle, person, cycle, phase, atrial systole, ventricular
systole, diastole, pulmonary circulation, venous, carbon dioxide, oxygen pulmonary veins
Контрольная работа № 3
Тема: "Cardiovascular System"
Вариант 4
ЗАДАНИЕ 1: повторите грамматические темы
1. степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий
2. причастие I и II в роли определения
3. времена группы Perfect
4. правило согласования времен
ЗАДАНИЕ 2: прочтите текст
Anatomy of the Heart
The human heart weights less than a pound. It is about the size of the human first. The heart lies
in the thoracic cavity, just behind the breastbone and between the lungs.
The heart is a pump, consisting of four chambers: two upper cambers are called atria and two
lower chambers are called ventricles. All the blood passes through each pump.
The deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the two largest veins in the body, the venae
cavae. They bring the blood which has passed through all of the body to the right atrium. The
right atrium contracts and pumps blood through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, which
is the lower right chamber of the heart. Then the right ventricle contracts to pump blood to the
lungs through the pulmonary artery. The tricuspid valve stays shut, preventing blood from
pushing back into the atrium. From the pulmonary artery blood enters the lung capillaries and
there it loses carbon dioxide into the lung tissue. At the same time, oxygen enters the capillaries
of the lungs and is brought back to the heart through the pulmonary vein. The brought blood
enters the left atrium of the heart. Then the left atrium contracts and forces blood through the
mitral valve into the left ventricle.
The left ventricle has the thickest walls of all four heart chambers.
The blood brought to the left ventricle is pumped out through the aortic valve into the aorta,
which carries blood all over the body.
The scientists have determined that the atria act as receiving chambers.
Notes: about the size - приблизительно размером
Pound - фунт (=0,45 г)
ЗАДАНИЕ 3: составьте англо-русский словарь по теме
ЗАДАНИЕ 4: найдите в тексте и выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих
словосочетаний
1. кулак человека
2. деоксигинированная кровь
3. полая вена
4. терять С02
5. в то же самое время
6. оставаться закрытым
7. попадать обратно в предсердие
8. через клапан
ЗАДАНИЕ 5: найдите в тексте, выпишите и переведите предложения со степенями
сравнения прилагательных и наречий, подчеркните их
ЗАДАНИЕ 6: переведите предложения, в которых причастие I и II выступают в роли
определения
1 .The brought blood enters the left atrium of the heart.
2. The results of the analyses are displayed on the screen.
3. The blood brought to the left ventricle is pumped out into the aorta.
4. The patient has noticed some improvement in his condition.
5. The heart is a pump consisting of four chambers.
6. The scientists observed how the blood was entering the left ventricle.
7. The cell types are the same according to the investigation.
ЗАДАНИЕ 7: выпишите из текста предложения с причастием I и II в роли
определения, причастие подчеркните. Переведите предложения
ЗАДАНИЕ 8: переведите предложения со сказуемыми в Perfect Tense
1. The heart has two phases of the heart.
2. The ventricles have already contracted and pumped the blood out of the heart.
3. The scientists have determined that the heart is a large vessel.
4. He has to improve the very complicated method.
5. The doctor had not obtained important data yet.
6. Laser therapy was used in some cardiac patients.
ЗАДАНИЕ 9: выпишите из текста предложения со сказуемыми в Perfect Tense,
сказуемые подчеркните и переведите предложения
ЗАДАНИЕ 10: закончите предложения одним из предложенных вариантов.
Полученные предложения перепишите и переведите
1. It was interesting to know that the heart ... about the size of the human fist.
a) was
b) is
c) has
2. We know that the heart ... of four chambers.
a) consists
b) consisted
c) was consisted
3. The scientists determined that this patient... the valve.
a) has
b) had had
c) was
ЗАДАНИЕ 11: дайте русские эквиваленты следующим латинским словам и
словосочетаниям
Evolution, organ, class, structure, generally, oxygen, formation of septum, pulmonary artery,
pulmonary vein
Контрольная работа № 4
Тема: " Respiratory System"
Вариант 1
ЗАДАНИЕ 1: повторите грамматический материал
1. неопределенные местоимения
2. слова-заменители
3. функции глаголов "to be, to have"
4. неопределенно-личные предложения
5. функции слова “one”
6. функции инфинитива
ЗАДАНИЕ 2: прочтите текст и составьте англо-русский словарь по теме
Respiratory System
Oxygen is essential for life and has to be obtained to supply every cell of the organism with
it. One takes oxygen from the atmosphere. We breathe through the lungs from which the oxygen
is distributed to all parts of the body. The respiratory system includes pharynx, larynx, trachea,
bronchi. But one knows that the lungs are the most important organs of the respiratory system.
They are located in the lateral cavities of the chest. There are two lungs in the human body. They
are different because the right lung has three lobes and the left one only two lobes. So the right
lung is heavier than the left one. The lungs are separated by the mediastinum and covered by the
pleura. They have bases, apexes, borders and surfaces. It is considered that the vital capacity of
the lungs depends on many factors. But the average vital capacity is about 3-4 liters.
There are over 700.000.000 alveoli and a great number of capillaries in the lungs. The
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place through the walls of these alveoli.
Respiration consists of rhythmically repeated inhalations and exhalations. When one
breathes in the capacity of the thorax increases and the lungs expand the air, the air pressure in
them drops and atmospheric air comes into the lungs. Inhalation is followed by exhalation. To
breathe out the capacity of the thorax has to, decrease, the lungs become compressed and the
pressure in them increases and the air rushes out of the lungs.
ЗАДАНИЕ 3: письменно ответьте на вопросы по тексту
l. What does the respiratory system include?
2. How many lungs are there in the human body?
3. Why is the right lung heavier than the left one?
4. What do the lungs have?
5. What takes place through the walls of the alveoli?
6. What does respiration consist of?
7. What is inhalation followed by?
ЗАДАНИЕ 4: вставьте вместо точек подходящие по смыслу слова и словосочетания
1. The lungs are the most important organs of the ... .
2. The lungs are located in the ... .
3. Тhе ... separates the lungs.
4. The ... covers the lungs.
5. The ... is about 3-4 liters.
6. The ... takes place through the walls of the alveoli.
ЗАДАНИЕ 5: определите функцию слова "one" и переведите предложения
1. One normal kidney is enough to maintain good health.
2. The right kidney is lower than the left one.
3. Blood consists of thrombocytes, white cells and red ones.
4. One often describes the heart as consisting of a base and an apex.
5. One of the most interesting problems in medicine is the problem of pathogenesis.
6. There are two chambers in the heart: two smaller ones - auricles and two larger ones —
ventricles.
7. One knows that emboli are foreign substances floating in the blood stream.
ЗАДАНИЕ 6: выпишите из текста предложения со словом “one” и переведите их
ЗАДАНИЕ 7: определите функцию глагола "to have" переведите предложения
1. During the experiment they have received interesting data.
2. You have to take this drug regularly.
3. I have prescription from the doctor.
4. Doctors have not used a new vaccine yet.
5. We had to send the child to the hospital.
6. This patient has some heart problems.
ЗАДАНИЕ 8: выпишите из текста и переведите предложения, в которых встречается
глагол "to have"
ЗАДАНИЕ 9: переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции
инфинитива
1. То correct potentially fatal problems are necessary as soon as possible.
2. To correct potentially fatal problems the new technique was used.
3. We must have the results of all analyses to discharge out the patients.
4. It was very dangerous to postpone the operation.
5. This is a child to be made an X-ray examination.
ЗАДАНИЕ 10: заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями "some, any,
no"
1. Do you know ... thing about his research?
2.... Inflammations are really bad.
3. They have not discussed this problem in ... article.
4. The patient's condition was stable with ... considerable changes.
5.... Biological process has definite laws.
6. Тhеrе are ... different kinds of ulcers.
7. You can not use ... drug of this kind.
ЗАДАНИЕ 11: выпишите из текста и переведите неопределенно-личные
предложения
ЗАДАНИЕ 12: дайте русские эквиваленты следующим латинским словам и
словосочетаниям
Resistance, characteristic symptoms, chronic bronchitis, classify, lobular pneumonia, groups
of alveoli, potentially
Контрольная работа № 4
Тема: "Respiratory System"
Вариант 2
ЗАДАНИЕ 1: повторите грамматический материал
1. неопределенные местоимения
2. слова-заменители
3. функции глаголов 'tо be, to have"
4. неопределенно-личные предложения
5. функции слова 'one"
6. функции инфинитива
ЗАДАНИЕ 2: прочтите текст и составьте англо-русский словарь по теме
The Respiratory System
The respiratory system is the system that brings oxygen into the body removes carbon
dioxide. One calls this process breathing. It consists of two inspiration and expiration. The
organs of this system are the nose, the tonsils, pharynx, pleura and lungs.
The respiratory system starts at the nasal passages (nose) where air is breathed in during
inspiration. There the air is filtered and its temperature regulated. It passes through the larynx
and trachea into the bronchi and bronchioles and enc little air pockets called alveoli within the
lungs. One considers that the lungs are most important organs of the respiratory system. There
are two lungs located in lateral cavities of the chest. The right lung consisting of three lobes is
heavier the left one. The left lung has only two lobes. The mediastinum separates the and the
pleura cover them. It is known that the vital capacity of the lungs is about 3-4 liters.
The exchange of gases takes places in the alveoli. There are about 700.000 alveoli in the
lungs. If one investigates the act of inspiration one can observe s phenomena. When one breathes
in the volume of the chest increases and the lungs extend. The pressure in the lungs becomes less
and the atmospheric air enters lungs. To breathe out the volume of the chest has to decrease and
the lungs contract. The pressure in the lungs becomes higher and the air goes out of the lungs.
ЗАДАНИЕ 3: письменно ответьте на вопросы по тексту
l. What acts does the process of breathing consist of?
2. Where does the respiratory system start?
3. What are the most important organs of the respiratory system?
4. Where are the lungs located?
5. What is the difference between the right lung and the left one?
6. How many alveoli are there in the lungs?
7. When does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide take place?
ЗАДАНИЕ 4: вставьте вместо точек подходящие по смыслу слова или
словосочетания
l. The ... starts at the nasal passages.
2. Little air pockets in the lungs are called the ... .
3. The lungs are located in the ... .
4. The left lung has two ....
5. The lungs are covered with the ... .
6. The ... is about 3-4 liters.
ЗАДАНИЕ 5: определите функцию слова "one" и переведите предложения
1. One must consider respiration essentially as exchange of gases.
2. Pneumonia may be caused by one of the different kinds of bacteria, pneumococcus.
3. Тhе lungs expire carbon dioxide and inspire oxygen through the oral cavity and the nasal one.
4. In the journal there is one article describing the method of examination of bronchi.
5. One knows that the volume of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is constant.
6. The right lung is a little larger than the left one.
7. All symptoms may be divided into objective and subjective ones.
ЗАДАНИЕ 6: выпишите из текста предложения со словом "one" и переведите их
ЗАДАНИЕ 7: определите функции глагола "to have" и переведите предложения
1. They have worked out special plans to fight grippe.
2. The patient had high temperature on admission to the hospital.
3. We had to visit some patients in the department.
4. He has an increased number of white blood cells.
5. The doctor has just discharged out this patient.
6. He will have to perform the X-ray examination.
ЗАДАНИЕ 8: выпишите из текста и переведите предложения, в которых встречается
глагол "to have"
ЗАДАНИЕ 9: переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции
инфинитива
1. То use a new drug without doctor's administration is very dangerous.
2. To use new drug scientists must carry out numerous experiments.
3. To operate on this patient we must give him a local anesthesia.
4. It was late to operate on this patient.
5. This patient to be given general anesthesia.
ЗАДАНИЕ 10: заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями "some, any,
no"
1. ... physical impacts are dangerous.
2. Have you participated in ... conference?
3. The scientist did not obtain ... positive results.
4. This drug is very effective and it has ... side effects.
5. Doctors had ... problems in making diagnosis.
6. You can get the necessary information at ... library.
7. The blood analysis did not show ... signs of inflammation.
ЗАДАНИЕ 11: выпишите из текста и переведите неопределенно-личные
предложения
ЗАДАНИЕ 12: дайте русские эквиваленты следующим латинским словам и
словосочетаниям
Membrane, infant, produce, vital substance, prevent inhalation, chemicals
Контрольная работа № 4
Тема: "Respiratory System"
Вариант 3
ЗАДАНИЕ 1: повторите грамматический материал
1. неопределенные местоимения
2. слова-заменители
3. функции глаголов "to be, to have"
4. неопределенно-личные предложения
5. функции слова "one"
6. функции инфинитива
ЗАДАНИЕ 2: прочтите текст и составьте англо-русский словарь по теме
The Respiratory System
The term "respiration" means the exchange of gases which takes place in the alveoli of the
lungs. When one breathes in air comes through the mouth or nose into the oral cavity or pharynx.
It then passes through the larynx into the trachea. The trachea divides into two smaller tubes
called bronchi; one bronchus is going to each lung. The bronchi divide into bronchioles which
lead to minute air sacs or alveoli. The exchange of gases is affected through the walls of these
alveoli.
There are two lungs in the human body. They are located in the lateral cavities of the chest. It is
known that they are covered with the pleura and separated by the mediastinum. There are three
lobes in the right lung and two lobes in the left one. So the right ling is heavier than the left one.
Each lung has the apex extending 3-4 cm above the level of the first rib and the base which is
located in the convex surface the diaphragm. The vital capacity of the lungs is about 3-4 liters. It
is considered t the regulation of the vital capacity is of great importance for the exchange of
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
When one breathes in the volume of the chest increases. It enables the lungs extend. The
pressure of the lungs becomes less and the atmospheric air enters t lungs. To breathe out the
volume of the chest has to decrease and the lungs contract. The pressure of the lungs becomes
higher and the air goes out of the lungs.
ЗАДАНИЕ 3: письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту
l. What does the term "respiration" mean?
2. Where does the exchange of gases take place?
3. What gases exchange?
4. What does each lung have?
5. What are the lungs covered by?
6. How many lobes are there in the lungs?
7. What happens when one breathes in?
ЗАДАНИЕ 4: вставьте вместо точек подходящее по смыслу слово ил словосочетание
l. The exchange of gases takes place in the ....
2. The lungs are located in the ... .
3. There are three ... in the right lung.
4. The lungs are covered with the ... .
5. The lungs are separated by the ... .
6. The ... of the lungs is 3-4 liters.
ЗАДАНИЕ 5: определите функцию слова "one" и переведите предложения
1. Penicillin is one of the most important antibiotics because it has antiseptic properties.
2. The right lung is separated from the left one by the mediastinum.
3. Оnе must remember that air is at all times full of bacteria.
4. There is one movable bone in the skull.
5. The bones of the lower extremities are longer than the bones of the upper ones.
6. In the cross sections one can see how the lungs are separated from the chest wall by the pleura.
7. The left ventricle is longer and more conical than the right one.
ЗАДАНИЕ 6: выпишите из текста предложения со словом "one" и переведите их
ЗАДАНИЕ 7: определите функцию глагола "to have" и переведите предложения
1. They have discovered effective means if treating many diseases.
2. You had to use modern antibacterial methods.
З. Не has every possibility to study well.
4. The patient has just undergone the course of treatment.
5. The surgeon had to postpone the operation.
6. He had a little elevated blood pressure.
ЗАДАНИЕ 8: выпишите из текста и переведите предложения, в которых встречается
глагол "to have"
ЗАДАНИЕ 9: переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции
инфинитива
1. То stop the spread of infection was the first stage of treatment.
2. To stop the spread of infection common vaccination was carried out.
3. Оnе must follow bed regimen to prevent complication after grippe.
4. It was very important to prevent complications after grippe.
5. The patient to be operated on was brought to the hospital.
ЗАДАНИЕ 10: заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями "some, any,
no"
1. Have you seen ... patients with tuberculosis today?
2. ... factors are described in the article.
3. Doctor Hull did not discuss the results with ... body.
4.... body was allowed to visit the boy because of the quarantine.
5.... Disease has specific symptoms.
6. The doctor did not observe ... changes in patient's condition.
7. Give the patient... analgetic.
ЗАДАНИЕ 11: выпишите из текста и переведите неопределенно-личные
предложения
ЗАДАНИЕ 12: дайте русские эквиваленты следующим латинским словам и
словосочетаниям
Primary tuberculosis, lymphatic glands, clinical manifestation, positive test, physical
examination, consolidation
Контрольная работа № 4
Тема: "Respiratory System"
Вариант 4
ЗАДАНИЕ 1: повторите грамматический материал
1. неопределенные местоимения
2. слова-заменители
3. функции глаголов "to be, to have"
4. неопределенно-личные предложения
5. функции слова "one"
6. функции инфинитива
ЗАДАНИЕ 2: прочтите текст и составьте англо-русский словарь по теме
The lungs
The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system. There are two lungs in the human
body located in the lateral cavities of the chest. The lungs are separated from each other by the
mediastinum. The lungs are covered with the pleura. Each lung has the base, apex, two borders
and three surfaces.
One knows that in the adult male the weight of the lungs is about 1,350 gr. The right lung is
about 15% heavier than the left one. The right lung consisting of three lobes is heavier than the
left one because the latter consists only of two lobes.
The physiology of the lungs is associated with their structure. The exchange of gases takes
place in the alveoli of the lungs. There are over 700.000.000 alveoli in the lungs. The lungs have
many capillaries. This structure enables to exchange gases between the alveolar air and the
blood.
When one breathes normally not all the alveoli and capillaries of the lungs are opened. To
make respiration deep the number of the opened alveoli and capillaries must increase. The flow
of blood into the lungs increases when one breathes in and it decreases when one breathes out.
The regulation of the vital capacity of the lungs is of particular importance to the exchange
of oxygen and carbon dioxide taking place in the lungs. It is considered that in the adult the vital
capacity of the lungs is about 3-4 liters.
ЗАДАНИЕ 3: письменно ответьте на следующие вопросы по тексту
1. Where are the lungs located?
2. What are they covered with?
3. What is the difference between the right lung and the left one?
4. How much do the lungs weigh?
5. When does the exchange of gases take place?
6. What happens when one breathes normally?
7. What is the vital capacity of the lungs?
ЗАДАНИЕ 4: вставьте вместо точек подходящее по смыслу слово или
словосочетание
1. The lungs are located in the ... .
2. The ... separates the lungs.
3. The ... covers the lungs.
4. The ... takes place in the alveoli.
5. The ... lung is heavier than the ... one.
6. The ... is about 3-4 liters.
ЗАДАНИЕ 5: определите функцию слова "one" и переведите предложения
1. It is possible to remove one lobe of the lung without damage to the other one.
2. One thinks of respiration as the mechanical process of breathing.
3. The right and the left pleural cavities are serous sacs with visceral layers and parietal ones.
4. There are two lungs and one of them is in the right half of the thorax.
5. One can live longer without food than without sleep.
6. Оnе must know that smoking is harmful.
7. When Ivanovsky introduced the filtrate of the diseased plants to healthy ones they became
infected.
ЗАДАНИЕ 6: выпишите из текста предложения со словом "one" и переведите их
ЗАДАНИЕ 7: определите функцию глагола "to have" и переведите предложения
1. Scientists have developed a new vaccine.
2. You will have to follow a bed regimen.
3. They have already obtained good results in treating this disease.
4. We have new equipment in our laboratory.
5. The doctor had to stop the usage of the drug.
6. All these patients had symptoms of tuberculosis.
ЗАДАНИЕ 8: выпишите из текста и переведите предложения, в которых встречается
глагол "to have"
ЗАДАНИЕ 9: переведите предложения, обращая внимание на разные функции
инфинитива
1. То make a correct diagnosis is very important for further treatment.
2. To make a correct diagnosis the doctor used different methods of examination.
3. Оnе must use a combined therapy to achieve good results.
4. It was very difficult to remove the tumour.
5. He was the last to leave the operation theatre yesterday.
ЗАДАНИЕ 10: заполните пропуски неопределенными местоимениями "some, any,
no"
1.... Bones in the middle ear are solid.
2. I could not find the material on this topic ...where.
3. Do you have ... information on Doctor Bell's work?
4. The patient feels better and he needs ... operation.
5.... Hormones have a morphogenetic function.
6. You may have consultation at ... specialist of our department.
7. The X-ray film did not demonstrate ... pathology of the organ.
ЗАДАНИЕ 11: выпишите из текста и переведите неопределенно-личные
предложения
ЗАДАНИЕ 12: дайте русские эквиваленты следующим латинским словам и
словосочетаниям
Multiple pulmonary emboli, hemoptysis, progression of symptoms, local doctor, lobe
consolidation, intravenous heparin therapy, endotracheal intubation
Список литературы
1. Козырева Л.Г., Шадская Т.В. Английский язык для медицинских колледжей и училищ.
Учебное пособие. РОСТОВ, 2008
2. Курячий П.Г. Популярная медицинская лексика. Учебное пособие. Москва, АСТ Астрель,
2009
3. Кролик Н.И. Английский язык для студентов-медиков. Учебное пособие для вузов. М.,
2010
4. Щедрина Т.П. "Английский язык в медицине" М, Высшая школа, 2009
5. Христорождественская Л.П. "Английский язык практический курс" часть II, Минск, ООО
"Плопресс", 2010
6. Ощенкова В.В. "Учебное пособие по страноведению в США", МОСКВА школа", 2007