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JOSE A.S. SANTIAGO M.D. Body Cavities Dorsal Back Cranial Brain Spinal Spinal cord 2 Body Cavities Ventral -Front 1.Thoracic 2.Abdominal 3.Pelvic Cavities VENTRAL Front 1. Thoracic cavity Heart, lungs, aorta, trachea, and esophagus Diaphragm separates thoracic and abdominal cavities 4 Cavities VENTRAL Front 2. Abdominal cavity Digestive organs, spleen, kidneys, and ureters 5 Cavities VENTRAL Front 3. Pelvic cavity Reproductive and urinary organs Excluding kidneys and ureters 6 Directional Terminology Anatomical position Always orient to this standard Standing erect Arms at side Head forward Palms forward Feet facing forward 7 Directional Terms Superior or cranial Inferior or caudal Anterior or ventral Posterior or dorsal Medial Lateral 8 Directional Terms Superior or cranial Inferior or caudal Anterior or ventral Posterior or dorsal Medial Lateral 9 Directional Terms Plantar-sole of the foot Dorsum-upper portion of the foot Peripheral-away from the center Supine-lying on the back, face up Prone-lying on the abdomen, face down 10 Direction of Movement Abduction- movement away from midline Adduction- movement toward the midline Direction of Movement Flexion- to bend at a joint Extension- to straighten at a joint Direction of Movement Medial Rotation- to turn inward Lateral Rotation- to turn outward Direction of Movement Supination- rotating the forearm with palm facing forward Pronation- rotating the forearm with the palm facing backward Abdominopelvic Regions Right hypochondriac Epigastric Left hypochondriac Right lumbar Umbilical Left lumbar 15 Abdominopelvic Regions Right iliac Hypogastric Left iliac 16 Abdominopelvic Quadrants Right upper quadrant – RUQ Right lower quadrant – RLQ Left upper quadrant – LUQ Left lower quadrant LLQ 17 Planes Sections and planes for internal anatomy Sagittal Right and left sides 1.Median (midsagittal) 2.Parasagittal 18 Planes Sections and planes for internal anatomy Frontal Coronal – anterior and posterior 19 Planes Sections and planes for internal anatomy Transverse Horizontal – superior and inferior Cross-section 20 Positions Used for special procedures Supine Patient lies on his back Prone Patient lies face down 21 Positions Used for special procedures Right Lateral Recumbent/Decubitus Patient lies on his right side Left Lateral Recumbent/Decubitus Patient lies on his left side 22 Positions Used for special procedures Fowler’s Patient is sitting with legs bent or straight Trendelenberg Patient lies supine with his head lower than his feet 23 Positions Used for special procedures Lithotomy Patient is on his back with the legs and thighs flexed and abducted 24 Additional Roots Anter/o Caud/o Dors/o Infer/o Inguin/o Medi/o 25 front tail back inferior groin middle Roots Phren/o Poster/o Proxim/o Super/o Ventr/o 26 diaphragm posterior near superior front THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!
