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Chapter 7 – Solar System Study guide Lesson one Sun – made of hydrogen and helium Sun is a star – it is the largest object in the S.S. 1,000,000 Earths Photosphere Chromosphere Corona (inside outside) Sunspots are cooler spots on the sun – they tend to look black. Sunspots come and go in cycles of about 11 years. Solar flares – explosion/ribbon of fire Solar prominences – ribbon of fire/gases – last days or months Fusion of H and He makes energy Sun has the most gravity Lesson two Inner Planets – Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars Outer Planets – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune Pluto – dwarf planet Planets revolve in an elliptical orbit around the Sun Moon (satellite) orbits Earth (moons orbit planets) Asteroid belt between Mars and Jupiter Freefall is when you feel micro gravity (weightlessness) Jupiter’s diameter 11x bigger and Saturn is 10x bigger than Earth Lesson three Inner planets – similar? Rocky Tend to be warmer than gas giants Some atmosphere Smaller compared to G.G. Mars is most like the Earth Mars has polar ice caps Earth supports life Mercury/Venus no moons Comet ice and dust Earth (24H) 1 moon Mars (25H) 2 moons Gravity holds the planets in orbit 93 million away from Sun Earth Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth in order of size Lesson four Outer planets – Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune Jupiter at least 63 moons (Ganymede, Europa, Io, Callisto) All of the G.G. have rings Jupiter #5 and is the biggest G.G. they are gigantic G.G. no known solid surface G.G. VERY cold Uranus is on a funny tilt All G.G. have moons (at least 13) Uranus and Neptune are blue ??? Methane! Jupiter has the Big Red Spot 400 yr. old storm Planets stay in their orbits because of the push and pull between gravity and the planets tendency to go in a straight line.