Download Chapter 4 - AP US History

Chapter 4
American Life in the 17th Century
1607-1692
American Pageant
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Chapter 4, American Pageant
Chapter 4
American Life in the 17th Century
1607-1692
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APUSH Review: Metacom’s
(King Philip’s) War
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APUSH Review: Key
Concept 2.1, Revised (Most
up-to-date video)
APUSH Review: Key
Concept 2.2, Revised (Most
up-to-date video)
APUSH Review: Key
Concept 2.3 (Period 2)
The Quakers, the Dutch, and
the Ladies: Crash Course US
History #4
The Seven Years War and
the Great Awakening: Crash
Course US History #5
APUSH Review: Rebellions
and Conflict in the Colonial
Era
PERIOD 2: 1607–1754
Key Concept 2.1: Europeans developed a variety of colonization and migration patterns, influenced by different imperial goals, cultures, and the
varied North American environments where they settled, and they competed with each other and American Indians for resources.
I. Spanish, French, Dutch,
and British colonizers had
different economic and
imperial goals involving
land and labor that shaped
the social and political
development of their
colonies as well as their
relationships with native
populations.
A) Spanish efforts to extract wealth
from the land led them to develop
institutions based on subjugating
native populations, converting them
to Christianity, and incorporating
them, along with enslaved and free
Africans, into the Spanish colonial
society.
B) French and Dutch colonial
efforts involved relatively few
Europeans and relied on
trade alliances and
intermarriage with American
Indians to build economic
and diplomatic relationships
and acquire furs and other
products for export to
Europe.
II. In the 17th century, early
British colonies developed
along the Atlantic coast,
with regional
differences that reflected
various environmental,
economic, cultural, and
demographic factors.
A) The Chesapeake and North
Carolina colonies grew prosperous
exporting tobacco — a laborintensive product initially cultivated
by white, mostly male indentured
servants and later by enslaved
Africans.
C) The middle colonies
supported a flourishing
export economy based on
cereal crops and attracted a
broad range of European
migrants, leading to societies
with greater cultural, ethnic,
and religious diversity and
tolerance.
B) The New England colonies,
initially settled by Puritans,
developed around small towns with
family farms and achieved a thriving
mixed economy of agriculture and
commerce.
III. Competition over
resources between
European rivals and
American Indians
encouraged industry and
A) An Atlantic economy developed in
which goods, as well as enslaved
Africans and American Indians, were
exchanged between Europe, Africa,
and the Americas through extensive
D) The goals and interests of
European leaders and
colonists at times diverged,
leading to a growing mistrust
on both sides of the Atlantic.
C) English colonization
efforts attracted a
comparatively large
number of male and
female British migrants,
as well as other
European migrants, all
of whom sought social
mobility, economic
prosperity, religious
freedom, and improved
living conditions. These
colonists focused on
agriculture and settled
on land taken from
Native Americans, from
whom they lived
separately.
D) The colonies of the
southernmost Atlantic
coast and the British
West Indies used long
growing
seasons to develop
plantation economies
based on exporting
staple crops. They
depended on the labor
of enslaved Africans,
who often constituted
the majority of the
population in these
areas and developed
their own forms of
cultural and religious
autonomy.
E) British conflicts with
American Indians over
land, resources, and
political boundaries led
to
E) Distance and Britain’s
initially lax attention led to
the colonies creating selfgoverning institutions that
were unusually democratic
for the era. The New
England colonies based
power in participatory town
meetings, which in turn
elected members to their
colonial legislatures; in the
Southern colonies, elite
planters exercised local
authority and also dominated
the elected assemblies.
F) American Indian
resistance to Spanish
colonizing efforts in North
America, particularly after
the Pueblo Revolt, led to
trade and led to conflict in
the Americas.
trade networks. European colonial
economies focused on acquiring,
producing, and exporting
commodities that were valued in
Europe and gaining new sources of
labor.
B) Continuing trade with Europeans
increased the flow of goods in and
out of American Indian communities,
stimulating cultural and economic
changes and spreading epidemic
diseases that caused radical
demographic shifts.
Colonists, especially in
British North America,
expressed dissatisfaction
over issues including
territorial settlements,
frontier defense, self-rule,
and trade.
C) Interactions between
European rivals and
American Indian populations
fostered both
accommodation and conflict.
French, Dutch, British, and
Spanish colonies allied with
and armed American Indian
groups, who frequently
sought alliances with
Europeans against other
Indian groups.
military confrontations,
such as Metacom’s
War (King Philip’s War)
in New England.
Spanish accommodation of
some aspects of American
Indian culture in the
Southwest.
Checklist of Learning Objectives
After mastering this chapter, you should be able to:
1.
Describe the basic economy, demographics, and social structure and life of the seventeenth-century colonies.
2.
Compare and contrast the different forms of society and ways of life of the southern colonies and New England.
3.
Explain how the practice of indentured servitude failed to solve the colonial labor problem and why colonists then turned to African slavery.
4.
Describe the character of slavery in the early English colonies and explain how a distinctive African American identity and culture emerged from the
mingling of numerous African ethnic groups.
5.
Summarize the unique New England way of life centered on family, town, and church, and describe the problems that afflicted this comfortable social order
in the late seventeenth century.
6.
Describe family life and the roles of women in both the southern and New England colonies, and indicate how these changed over the course of the
seventeenth century.
SHORT ANWSER
Identify and state the historical significance of the following:
1. William Berkeley
2. Nathaniel Bacon
3. William Bradford
Describe and state the historical significance of the following:
4. indentured servitude
5. slave codes
6. headright system
7. jeremiads
8. middle passage
9. freedom dues
10. "witch hunting"
11. Yankee ingenuity
12. family stability
13. conversions
Describe and state the historical significance of the following:
14. Bacon's Rebellion
15. Leisler's Rebellion
16. Half-Way Covenant
17. African American
Notes: Fill in Outline
Chapter 04 - American Life in the Seventeenth Century, 1607-1692
I.
The Unhealthy Chesapeake
II.
The Tobacco Economy
III.
Frustrated Freemen and Bacon’s Rebellion
IV.
Colonial Slavery
V.
Africans in America
VI.
Southern Society
VII. The New England Family
VIII. Life in the New England Towns
IX.
The Half-Way Covenant and the Salem Witch Trials
X.
The New England Way of Life
XI.
The Early Settlers’ Days and Ways
XII. Makers of America: From African to African-American
Applying What You Have Learned
1. Why was the tobacco culture of early Maryland and Virginia so harsh and unstable? How did the environmental and demographic conditions of the
Chesapeake region—especially rampant disease and the scarcity of women—affect the social and political life of the colonies?
7.
What was the underlying cause of the expansion of African slavery in English North America?
8.
Could the colonies’ labor problem have been solved without slavery?
9.
How did African Americans develop a culture that combined African and American elements? What were some of the features of that culture?
10.
Compare and contrast the typical family conditions and ways of life of southern whites, African American slaves, and New Englanders in the seventeenth
century.
11.
How did the harsh climate and soil, stern religion, and tightly knit New England town shape the Yankee character?
12.
In what ways were married colonial New England women second-class citizens, subjected to discrimination and control, and in what ways was their status
and well-being protected by law and society. Is it fair to critically judge colonial gender relations by later standards of equality and rights?
13.
How did the Salem witch episode reflect the tensions and changes in seventeenth-century New England life and thought?
14.
In what ways was seventeenth-century colonial society already recognizably American in relation to issues of family life, social class, ethnicity, and
religion, and in what ways did it still reflect Old World features—whether European or African?
HIPP
The “Middle Passage”
The “middle passage”
referred to the
transatlantic sea voyage
that brought slaves to the
New World—the long
and hazardous “middle”
segment of a journey
that began with a forced
march to the African
coast and ended with a
trek into the American
interior.
Early Tobacco
Advertising Crude
woodcuts like this one
were used to identify
various “brands” of
tobacco—one of the
first products to be
sold by brand name
advertising.
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Notes