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Colonial Life and Society A03 7.8.31 American Colonies at the End of the Seventeenth Century Population Growth Estimated Total Population of New Spain, New France, and the British North American Colonies, 1700–1780 Population: Geographic Expansion Movement into the Backcountry, 1720–1760 Population: Ethnic & Racial Diversity Population: Age Population Structure by Gender and Age: British Mainland Colonies, 1760s, and United States, 1980s Societies & Economies Purpose Families Ethnicity Economy New England Religious Nuclear families Mostly English Family farms Middle Colonies Mixed Nuclear families Mixed Family European farms Chesapeake Gain wealth Extended families Lower South Gain wealth Extended families English (majority) & African English & African (majority) Market plantations (tobacco) Market plantations (rice, indigo) Religion: Diversity • Tolerance? • Great Awakening • George Whitefield Religious Diversity in 1750 Education • New England • “Old Satan Deluder” Act (1647) Economy • • • • Mercantilism – theory, purpose Navigation Acts “triangular” trade Smuggling – quality of royal officials The Rise of the American Merchant, 1750 Value of Colonial Exports by Region, Annual Average, 1768– 1772 Colonial Products in the Mid-1700s Government: Britain & Its Colonies • Tradition of Lax Rule – – – – English Civil War Glorious Revolution - triumph of Parliament George I and II reliance on Parliament “Whigs” • Salutary Neglect • Colonial tradition of self-rule – Colonial assemblies - powers – Weakness of governors Government and religion in the British Colonies, 1720 Eighteenth century merchants conducting business in a coffeehouse Snake cartoon by Benjamin Franklin
