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C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.7B
8.3B
11-8
The diagram shows the orbit of the moon around Earth. At which
point in the moon’s orbit will a person standing on Earth see a
waxing crescent moon?
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.10A
11-9
Earth’s land areas, oceans, and atmosphere maintain fairly constant
average temperatures. What is the best explanation for these
constant average temperatures?
A) Earth’s Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere have
opposite seasons.
B) Earth is tilted and rotates daily on its axis.
C) The continuous motion of air and water distributes the sun’s
energy.
D) Global weather systems generally move from west to east.
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.9B
8.3B
13-4
The model shows two continental plates. The folded mountains in
this model form at which type of plate boundary?
A)Transform boundary
B) Divergent boundary
C) Subduction boundary D) Convergent boundary
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.8A
13-9
The Milky Way galaxy is described as a disk of stars orbiting a central
point on the disk. Which of these best explains why people on Earth
cannot see the entire shape of the Milky Way?
A) Earth is a part of this galaxy.
B) Many more stars exist outside the galaxy.
C) The stars in the center of the galaxy are extremely small.
D) The center of the galaxy consists of a dense cluster of stars.
C3: Earth and
Space
This satellite photograph shows a large
meteorite crater that is 1200 m in diameter
and 170m deep. This crater is located in a
flat, arid part of northeastern Arizona. How
will this crater most likely change over time?
A) It will get deeper as it fills with water.
B) It will rise up like a volcanic crater.
C) It will become less deep as the rim erodes.
D) It will widen as it fills with lava.
TEK 8.9C
8.3B
13-12
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.7A
13-16
Which of these locations on Earth experiences the least change in
the number of daylight hours throughout the year?
A) Equator
B) North Pole
C) Tropic of Cancer D) Tropic of Capricorn
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.10C
13-21
What is one condition that is necessary for a hurricane to form?
A) Warm ocean water
B) A strong cold front
C) Cold ocean water
D) A strong warm front
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.7B
8.3B
13-25
The diagram shows four phases of the moon as it revolves around
Earth. A student builds a model based on this diagram. The student
uses foam balls to represent the moon and Earth and a flashlight to
represent the sun. The student should shine the flashlight on the
model of Earth from Position—
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 6.11B
13-26
An object will continue moving in a straight line unless it is acted on by an
unbalanced force. Which of the following best explains Earth’s motion?
A) There is no unbalanced force acting on Earth because space is empty and
nothing touches Earth.
B) The gravitational force pulling Earth toward the sun is equal and opposite to
the force pulling the sun toward Earth, so there is no unbalanced force
acting on Earth.
C) The sun moves in an elliptical orbit around Earth, and the sun’s gravity pulls
Earth along.
D) Earth moves in an elliptical orbit around the sun because the gravitational
force of the sun attracts Earth.
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.9B
13-35
The thick black lines on the map show the locations of mid-ocean
ridges. Which geologic feature is most likely to form at a mid-ocean
ridge?
A) Peninsula
B) Volcano
C)Delta
D) Plateau
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.9C
8.3B
13-38
A section of a topographic map is shown. What is the difference in
elevation in meters between Point X and Point Y on the map?
C3: Earth and
Space
A student sets up the investigation
shown. The movement of colored
water through the gravel best models
—
A) condensation of water vapor
B) surface runoff of precipitation
C) Conservation of water
D) Pollution of groundwater
TEK 7.8C
8.3B
13-42
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.7B
8.2E
13-46
A student keeps a record of the phases of the moon for one month.
On the first night of the student’s observations, the full moon is
visible in the sky. After the full moon, which of these phases will the
student observe next?
A) Waxing crescent moon
B) Waxing gibbous moon
C) Waning crescent moon
D) Waning gibbous moon
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.8A
8.2E
13-49
The Hertzsprung-Russell diagram shows how the brightness, surface temperature, and color of stars
are related. Which of these observations of Barnard’s Star is most likely accurate?
A) Barnard’s Star is less bright than the sun, has a surface temperature below 3,800 K, and is red.
B) Barnard’s Star is less bright than the sun, has a surface temperature above 3,800 K, and is red.
C) Barnard’s Star is brighter than the sun, has a surface temperature below 5,300 K, and is yellow.
D) Barnard’s Star is brighter than the sun, has a surface temperature above 5,300 K, and is yellow.
C3: Earth and
Space
Earth would not have seasons if it —
A) no longer tilted on its axis
B) stopped rotating on its axis
C) Took an additional month to orbit the sun
D) revolved around the sun in the opposite direction
TEK 8.7A
13-51
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.8B
Why does Earth get more energy from the sun than from all the
other stars in the universe combined?
A) The sun is much larger than the other stars.
B) The sun is much hotter than the other stars.
C) The sun is much more dense than the other stars.
D) The sun is much closer than the other stars.
13-53
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 6.11B
8.3B
14-2
The diagram models Mercury and Venus orbiting the sun. What
force causes Venus to travel along a curved path instead of moving
in a straight line as indicated by the dashed line in the diagram?
A) Electromagnetic attraction between the sun and Venus
B) Gravitational attraction between the sun and Venus
C) Electromagnetic attraction between Mercury and Venus
D) Gravitational attraction between Mercury and Venus
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.8A
8.2E
14-8
Based on this diagram, which type of stars would belong to spectral
class M and have the highest luminosity?
A) Main-sequence stars
C) White dwarfs
B) Giants
D) Supergiants
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.9A
14-12
Scientists recently discovered that rocks collected from the Franklin
Mountains in West Texas and rocks collected from mountains in
eastern Antarctica were exactly the same age. Further research
showed that the rocks were chemically and geologically the same
and came from the same magma source. This discovery provides
evidence of —
A) coastal erosion
B) plate tectonics
B) ocean currents
C) glacial melting
C3: Earth and
Space
A satellite image shows a ship channel between South
Padre Island and Boca Chica beach in South Texas. Sand is
sometimes removed from the ship channel through a
process called dredging to make it easier for ships to travel
through. Recently sand from the bottom of the channel
was moved to area beaches. Without this transfer of sand,
what would most likely occur in this area in the future?
A) The ship channel would become deeper, and the island
would move west toward the mainland.
B) The ship channel would become shallower, and the beach
would become narrower.
C) The ship channel would become narrower, and the island
would become completely covered with water.
D) The ship channel would become wider, and the island
would sink into the Gulf of Mexico.
TEK 8.9C
8.2E
14-15
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.7A
8.3B
14-20
A student draws the model shown. Which of these best compares
the conditions at Location X and Location Y?
A) It is day at Location X and night at Location Y.
B) It is winter at Location X and summer at Location Y.
C) There are more hours of daylight at Location X than at Location Y.
D) The moon is brighter when viewed from Location X than when
viewed from Location Y.
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.7B
8.2E
14-24
Some students used records from the U.S. Naval Observatory to make a table
of the percent of the moon that was visible on each night in January 2011.
Based on these data, what part of the lunar cycle occurred between January 5
and January 7?
A) Waxing crescent B) Waning crescent
C) Full moon
D)New moon
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.9B
8.3B
14-26
The diagram shows a model of the movement of two tectonic plates.
When the plates collide, one plate often moves below the other
plate. The rising magma that can result from this type of plate
movement may produce —
A) fossil layers
B)volcanic islands
C) deep-sea sediment
D) seafloor spreading
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.7A
8.3B
14-28
The diagram shows four positions in Earth’s orbit around the sun.
The Northern Hemisphere experiences the beginning of spring when
Earth is in which position?
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.9C
8.3B
14-30
The points labeled W and Y on the topographic map show the
campsites of two families. Each family hiked to the elevation on the
map marked X. The arrows show the paths taken by both families.
What was the change in elevation, to the nearest ten meters, for the
family that took the steepest path to Point X?
C3: Earth and
Space
The moon reflects different amounts of sunlight
onto Earth at different times. This reflected sunlight
is commonly called moonlight. The graph shows the
intensity of moonlight at different times in a lunar
cycle. Which moon phase most likely occurs at the
time in the cycle represented by an X on the graph?
TEK 8.7B
8.2E
14-35
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.10C
8.3B
14-37
Hurricanes and similar storm systems begin over oceans. The map
shows average surface temperatures of the oceans in the summer.
Based on the map, which area probably produced the most violent
storm systems?
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.8A
8.2E
14-42
Four students are asked to describe a nebula and a star. Their
responses are shown in the table. Which student described these
two celestial bodies correctly?
C3: Earth and
Space
The table shows the distances of 3 stars from the
sun. Students were asked to make a model of the 3
stars and include the sun and Earth in the model.
They chose to use a scale of 1 meter : 1 light-year.
Which model best represents the data?
TEK 8.8D
8.3B
14-45
C3: Earth and
Space
The Himalayan mountains are
shown on the map. Four students
were asked to identify the geologic
process that caused this mountain
range to form. Their responses are
shown in the table.
Which student correctly
identified the geologic process
that formed the Himalayan
mountains?
TEK 8.9B
14-52
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.7C
8.3B
15-2
Different relative positions of the sun, the moon, and Earth have
different effects on Earth’s oceans. Which model shows the
positions of the sun, the moon, and Earth that have the greatest
effect on ocean tides?
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.7B
8.3B
15-7
A phase of the moon is shown. Which pair of diagrams shows the
moon’s phase immediately before and immediately after this phase?
C3: Earth and
Space
A student wants to use a spinning basketball to model the
day-and-night cycle on Earth. What should the student do
in order to best model the cause of the day-and-night
cycle?
A) Spin the ball in different directions
B) Tilt the ball while it is spinning
C) Paint one half of the ball black and the other half white
D) Shine a bright light on one side of the ball
TEK 8.7A
8.3C
15-10
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.10C
8.3B
15-13
Thunderstorms are more common in some areas than in others. The map shows the
average number of thunderstorms per year in different parts of the United States. Why are
there significantly more thunderstorms in Florida than in California?
A) The state of Florida is smaller than the state of California.
B) The air in Florida is more stable than the air in California.
C) The air above Florida holds less moisture than the air above California.
D) The ocean currents near Florida are warmer than the ocean currents near California.
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.9B
15-18
The image shows a plate boundary. Arrows have been added to indicate the
movement of the plates. What plate boundary feature is also shown?
A) A ridge formed by an inactive convergent boundary
B) A valley forming at an active divergent boundary
C) A fault forming at an active transform boundary
D) A volcano formed by an active transform boundary
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.8A
8.2E
15-20
Two stars are identified on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. Based on this
diagram, how do the characteristics of Star 1 and Star 2 compare?
A) Star 1 is cooler and less bright than Star 2.
B) Star 1 is hotter and brighter than Star 2.
C) Star 1 is cooler and brighter than Star 2.
D) Star 1 is hotter and less bright than Star 2.
C3: Earth and
Space
The satellite photo shows San
Francisco, California, which has
many miles of coastline and an
inland bay. Which area of the
coastline has most likely experienced
the greatest effect of erosion from
waves over hundreds of years?
TEK 8.9C
8.2E
15-26
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.8C
8.2E
15-29
Quasars are extremely distant celestial bodies. Investigators using a
special telescope determined that a certain quasar was emitting
waves with a frequency of 14.1×109Hz. An electromagnetic
spectrum is shown. The investigators were most likely using a
telescope that detects —
A) Microwaves B) visible light C) x-rays D) gamma rays
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.7B
8.2E
15-32
On July 4, 1776, the American colonies declared their independence.
The table shows the lunar phases for June 1776. What lunar phase
occurred on July 4, 1776?
A) Waning gibbous
C) Waning crescent
B) Waxing gibbous
J) Waxing crescent
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.9B
15-34
The map shows the locations of four active volcanoes in the Caribbean Sea.
What do these volcanoes indicate about plate tectonics in the region?
A) The volcanoes form an island arc, indicating a converging plate boundary.
B) The volcanoes form a line, indicating a diverging plate boundary.
C) Two plates are moving past each other, causing faulting and magma
formation.
D) Two plates are moving apart, creating new seafloor.
C3: Earth and
Space
A student stands at the point
marked X on the topographic
map. What height in meters
must the student climb in
order to reach the top of the
hill?
TEK 8.9C
8.3B
15-38
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.7A
8.3B
15-41
In the summer many people enjoy going to the beach. The photograph shows a beach in
Argentina, which is located in the Southern Hemisphere. Which diagram shows the position
of Earth when it is summer in Argentina?
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.10B
8.3B
15-47
The weather map shows the weather conditions for one day across the United States.
Based on the weather map, which city will most likely experience decreasing temperatures
during the next 24 hours?
A) Denver, because it is raining there
B) Minneapolis, because a cold front is approaching
C) Atlanta, because a warm front is approaching
D) Houston, because it is in a high-pressure area
C3: Earth and
Space
TEK 8.8A
15-50
Which of these correctly compares the masses of different objects in
the universe?
A) A moon has less mass than a star and more mass than the planet
it orbits.
B) A planet has less mass than a galaxy and more mass than the star
it orbits.
C) A galaxy has less mass than a moon and more mass than a planet.
D) A star has less mass than a galaxy and more mass than a planet.