Download Social Cognition

Social cognition - eleven years after
Daniel Heller, Psychologický ústav AV ČR
10. konference „Sociální procesy a osobnost“
Telč, 13. a 14. září 2007
Social cognition - eleven years after
Martha Augoustinos, Iain Walker:
Social Cognition: An Integrated Introduction.
London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage, 1995.
Reprinted: 1996, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004, 2005
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Martha Augoustinos, Iain Walker, Ngaire Donaghue:
Social Cognition: An Integrated Introduction.
London, Thousand Oaks, New Delhi: Sage, 2006.
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social cognition - eleven years after
Social cognition - eleven years after
Martha Augoustinos, Iain
Walker: Social Cognition:
An Integrated Introduction.
London, Thousand Oaks,
New Delhi: Sage, 1995.
Reprinted: 1996, 1999,
2000, 2001, 2004, 2005

Social cognition - eleven years after
Gordon B. Moskowitz:
Social Cognition: An
Integrated Introduction.
London: Sage, 1995.
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Social cognition - eleven years after
Ziva Kunda:
Social Cognition:
Making Sense of People.
London: Sage, 1999.
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Ziva Kunda (*13. 6. 1955 + 24. 2. 2004)
Social cognition - eleven years after
Martha Augoustinos, Iain
Walker, Ngaire Donaghue:
Social Cognition:
An Integrated Introduction.
London, Thousand Oaks,
New Delhi: Sage, 2006.

Martha Augoustinos, Iain Walker, Ngaire Donaghue
University of Adelaide
Social cognition - eleven years after
Martha Augoustinos, Iain
Walker: Social Cognition:
An Integrated Introduction.
London, Thousand Oaks,
New Delhi: Sage, 1995.
Reprinted: 1996, 1999,
2000, 2001, 2004, 2005

Social cognition - eleven years after
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both monograph and textbook
Australian perspective on USA and Europe
social cognition in the USA - individualistic and
cognitivistic
social cognition in Europe - social
Contents:
PART I: Theoretical Perspectives in Social Cognition
PART II: Integrations, Applications and Chalenges
Social cognition - eleven years after
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1 Introduction
PART I: Theoretical Perspectives in Social
Cognition
2 Attitudes
3 Social Schemas
4 Attributions
5 Social Identity
6 Social Representations
Social cognition - eleven years after
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PART II: Integrations, Applications and
Chalenges
7 Social Schemas and Social Representations
8 Attributions and Social Representations
9 Stereotypes, Prejudice and Intergroup
Attributions
10 Postmodern Challenges to Social Cognition
11 The Social Psychological Study of Ideology
Social cognition - eleven years after
Martha Augoustinos, Iain
Walker, Ngaire Donaghue:
Social Cognition:
An Integrated Introduction.
London, Thousand Oaks,
New Delhi: Sage, 2006.

Social cognition - eleven years after
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1 Introduction
PART ONE:
2 Theoretical Foundations
PART TWO:
3 Social Perception
4 Attitudes
5 Attributions
6 Self and Identity
7 Prejudice
8 Ideology
PART THREE:
9 Conclusion
Social cognition - eleven years after
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1 Introduction
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Defining social psychology
The crisis in social psychology
Social cognititon
Aims of this book
Organization of this book
Concluding comments
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Social cognition - eleven years after
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2 Theoretical Foundations
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Introduction to social cognition models
Introduction to social identity theory
Introduction to social representations theory
Introduction to discursive psychology
A post-cognitive psychology?
Chapter summary
Further reading
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Social cognition - eleven years after
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3 Social Perception
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Social cognition and social perception
Social identity theory and social perception
Social representations and social perception
Discursive psychology and social perception
Chapter summary
Further reading
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Social cognition - eleven years after
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4 Attitudes
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What is an attitude?
Social cognititon and attitudes
Attitudes and social identities
Attitudes and social representations
Discursive psychology and attitudes
Chapter summary
Further reading
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Social cognition - eleven years after
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5 Attributions
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Social cognititon and attributions
Attributional bias
Social identity and attributions
Social representations and attributions
Discursive psychology and attributions
Chapter summary
Further reading
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Social cognition - eleven years after
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6 Self and Identity
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Social cognitive approaches to self and identity
Functions of the self
Social identity approaches to self and identity
Social representations approaches to self and identity
Discursive approaches to self and identity
Chapter summary
Further reading
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Social cognition - eleven years after
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7 Prejudice
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Social cognititon and prejudice
Social identity and prejudice
Social representations and prejudice
Discursive psychology and prejudice
Chapter summary
Further reading
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Social cognition - eleven years after
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8 Ideology
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Social cognititon and ideology
Social identity and ideology
Social representations and ideology
Discursive psychology and ideology
Chapter summary
Further reading
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Social cognition - eleven years after
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9 Conclusion
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The individual and society
Levels of analysis
Realist vs. constructivist epistemologies
Social change
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Social cognition - eleven years after
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a lot has changed, a lot remained
complete restructuring of the book
text which integrates significantly different
approaches
a book which is simultaneously a textbook and a
monograph developing a unique social
psychological viewpoint
the crisis in social psychology (Cartwright, Elms,
Gergen, McGuire, Pepitone, Sampson, Tajfel,
Taylor and Brown)
Social cognition - eleven years after
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Social cognition refers to theory and research which is aimed
at describing and explaining how we, as human beings,
experience and understand ourselves in the social world.
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4 foundational theoretical orientations:
social cognitive
social identity
social representations
discursive psychological
approaches
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4 basic standpoints
Social cognition - eleven years after
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What is social about social cognition?
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Susan Fiske and Shelley Taylor: „people are not things“
important differences:
people intentionally influence their environment
people, as objects of perception, perceive back (social
cognition is mutual cognition), and joint perception is
negotiated
social cognition implicates the self as subject as well as object
social objects may change upon being the target of cognition
the accuracy, or veracity, of cognitions about people is harder,
or impossible, to assess than for non-social objects
social cognition involves social explanation
social cognition is shared
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Social cognition - eleven years after
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Social cognition models (Fiske and Taylor, 1991)
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The social cognitive approach is a foundational approach
within social psychological theory and research addressing
how we understand the world around us and our place in it.
Social cognitive research is experimental, and focuses on
intraindividual mental processes. Emphasis is placed upon the
structure of knowledge into mental schemas, which direct
attention, facilitate encoding of information into memory, and
facilitate recall of information. Schemas are activated, often
unconsciously, by situated environmental stimuli. Activation
makes it more likely that other related schemas will also
become activated, and also makes less likely the activation of
other, competing schemas.
Social cognition - eleven years after
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Social Identity Theory (Tajfel, 1981)
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Social identity theory provides a systematic account of the
links between personal and social identity, and between
interindividual and intergroup behaviours. It focuses on the
nature of social categorization, especially into ingroups and
outgroups, the primacy of social identity and positive social
differentiation, and on social comparison processes as the
main means for evaluating the valence of social
identifications. Self-categorization theory is a development
which extends social identity theory into a fuller examination
of the cognitive processes underpinning the contextual fluidity
of personal and social identities.
Social cognition - eleven years after
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Social Representations Theory (Moscovici, 1981)
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Social representations refer to the ideas, thoughts, images, and
knowledge structures which members of a society or
collectivity share. These consensual structures are socially
created through communication and interaction between and
among people. Representations conventionalize or anchor
social objects, persons and events within a familiar categorical
context - they give the unfamiliar meaning. Representations
are reduced or objectified into both cognitive and pictorial
elements which together form a core or figurative nucleus
stored in memory and accessed during communication and
interaction. Many of our social representations come from the
world of science communicated to us through the mass media
and elaborated upon by ordinary people to help make sense of
everyday life.
Social cognition - eleven years after
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Discursive Psychology (Gergen, 1985)
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Discursive psychology rejects the search for internal mental
representations and the reliance on internal mechanisms to
understand social life. Instead, discourse is seen as
constitutive and functional, and hence is claimed to be the
proper site of social psychological analysis. Discursive
interaction is patterned and ordered, drawing on shared
discursive resources such as interpretative repertoires to bring
social reality into being and to manage interactants' identities.
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a post-cognitive psychology? (Potter, 2000)
Reality –> perception –> discourse
Discourse –> perception –> reality
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Social cognition - eleven years after
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4 foundamental theoretical perspectives
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social cognitive, social identity, social representations and
discursive perspectives
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addressing a series of topics
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social perception, attitudes, attributions, self and identity,
prejudice and ideology
points of commonality as well as difference
aim of identifying a path towards integration across these
perspectives
conceptual, methodological, epistemological limitations
broad issues about which the four perspectives differ
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Social cognition - eleven years after
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The Individual and Society
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psychology - social psychology - sociology (individual
abstracted from social context vs. society and its institutions)
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Levels of Analysis
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intraindividual (soc. cogn. perspective)
interindividual (discursive perspective)
intergroup (soc. identity + soc. representations perspectives)
collective
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intraindividual - anathema to soc. representations and discursive res.
intergroup - anathema to soc. cognitive researchers
Social cognition - eleven years after
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Realist vs. Constructivist Epistemologies
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all: humans actively construct their social environment - how?
3 approaches rest on a realist philosophy of science
vs. discursive perspective
call for more adequate analysis of „truth“ and „reality“
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Social Change
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largely shared across the four different perspectives
what is to be changed?
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Social cognition - as much a mirror as a telescope
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Thank You for Your Attention