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AP Psychology
Cognition Vocabulary
Approximately 8-10% of the AP Exam.
Chapter 7 (Memory) – Read pgs. 255-297
Chapter 8 (Language & Thought) – Read pgs. 298-325
Barron’s Chapter 7 – Cognition – READ ALL!
Remember: This unit is actually comprised of two chapters. There are a lot of terms which
comprise a decent proportion of your AP Exam. Please note there are 75 terms, total. Get it
done and study, study, study.
Cognition (8–10%)
In this unit students learn how humans convert sensory input into kinds of information. They examine how
humans learn, remember, and retrieve information. This part of the course also addresses problem solving,
language, and creativity.
AP students in psychology should be able to do the following:
• Compare and contrast various cognitive processes:
— effortful versus automatic processing;
— deep versus shallow processing;
— focused versus divided attention.
• Describe and differentiate psychological and physiological systems of memory (e.g., short-term
memory, procedural memory).
• Outline the principles that underlie effective encoding, storage, and construction of memories.
• Describe strategies for memory improvement.
• Synthesize how biological, cognitive, and cultural factors converge to facilitate acquisition,
development, and use of language.
• Identify problem-solving strategies as well as factors that influence their effectiveness.
• List the characteristics of creative thought and creative thinkers.
• Identify key contributors in cognitive psychology (e.g., Noam Chomsky, Hermann Ebbinghaus,
Wolfgang Köhler, Elizabeth Loftus, George A. Miller).
Cognition
A. Memory
B. Language
C. Thinking
D. Problem Solving and Creativity
KEY TERMS - Memory
299. Anterograde amnesia
300. Chunking
301. Cocktail party effect
302. Decay theory
303. Declarative memory (aka explicit
memory)
304. Elaboration
305. Encoding
306. Episodic memory
307. Flashbulb memory
308. Forgetting curve
309. Iconic Memory
310. Implicit memory
311. Interference theory
312. Levels-of-processing theory
313. Link method
314. Long-term memory (LTM)
315. Long-term potentiation
316. Memory
317. Method of loci
318. Misinformation effect
319. Mnemonic devices
320. Mood congruent memory
321. Nonsense syllables
322. Primacy effect
323. Proactive interference
324. Procedural memory
325. Prospective memory
326. Recall
327. Recency effect
328. Recognition
329. Rehearsal
330. Relearning
331. Repression
332. Retrieval
333. Retroactive interference
334. Retrograde amnesia
335. Semantic memory
336. Semantic networks
337. Sensory memory
338. Serial-position effect
339. Short-term memory (STM)
340. State-dependent memory
341. Storage
342. Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
KEY PEOPLE
343. Hermann Ebbinghaus
344. Elizabeth Loftus
345. George Miller
KEY TERMS – Thought & Language
346.
Algorithm
347.
348.
349.
350.
351.
352.
353.
354.
355.
356.
357.
358.
359.
360.
361.
362.
363.
364.
365.
366.
367.
368.
369.
370.
Availability heuristic
Belief bias/perseverance
Cognition
Confirmation bias
Convergent thinking
Decision making
Divergent thinking
Framing
Functional fixedness
Heuristic
Insight
Language
Language acquisition device (LAD)
Linguistic relativity hypothesis
Mental set
Morphemes
Overregularization
Phonemes
Problem solving
Prototypes
Representativeness heuristic
Semantics
Syntax
Telegraphic speech
KEY PEOPLE
371.
Noam Chomsky
372.
B.F. Skinner (relate to language)
373.
Benjamin Whorf
TOTAL # - 75