Download IC`S AND INSTRUMENTATION QUESTION - E

NEHRU ARTS AND SCIENCE COLLEGE
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS
QUESTION BANK
IC’S AND INSTRUMENTATION
CLASS : II B.Sc ECS
UNIT -1
SEMESTER : IV
SECTION - A
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Which one of the following statement is true about the integrated circuit?
(1) Miniature (2) Low Cost (3) contains both active & passive components (4) All the above
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Miniaturization of IC facilitates ____________
(1) Cost reduction (2) Increased density (3) Reduced Power consumption(4) All the above
The concept of IC was introduced in the year
(1) 1965 (2) 1960 (3) 1962 (4) 1967
The silicon transistor was developed in the year
(1) 1959 (2) 1950 (3) 1947 (4) 1960
Small scale integration contains _______ gates / chips
(1) 30 to 300 (2) 3 to 30 (3) more than 3000 (4) 300 to 3000
Medium scale integration contains __________ gates / chips
(1) 30 to 300 (2) 3 to 30 (3) more than 3000 (4) 300 to 3000
Large scale integration contains ________ gates / chips A) B) C) D)
(1) 30 to 300 (2) 3 to 30 (3) more than 3000 (4) 300 to 3000
The term Monolithic is derived from _________ language
(1) Spanish (2) Roman (3) Greek (4)Latin
The fabrication of which device is possible through batch processing
(1) Transistor (2) Diode (3) Resistor (4)All the above
SiO2 layer is acting as ___________ in planar technology
(1) Substrate (2) Insulation (3)Interconnection (4) All the above
Aluminium layer is acting as _________ in planar technology
(1) Substrate (2) Insulation (3)Interconnection (4) All the above
The melting point of silicon is ____________ oC
(1) 1440 (2) 1420 (3) 1460 (4) 1480
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The thickness of the film obtained during the epitaxial growth depends on
(1) Time (2) Temperature (3) moisture(4) All the above
Photolithography process uses __________ light as an exposure of the film
(1) IR (2) Near IR (3) Far IR (4) UV
Masking is done with ___________ material in photolithography
(1) Mylar (2) Sio2 (3) NH3 (4) PTFE
Which chemical reagent affects the Sio2 protective coating?
(1) Nacl (2) Kcl (3) Hcl (4) Cacl
The photo sensitive emulsion film is used in the ________ process of IC fabrication
(1) Oxidation (2) Photolithography(3) Epitaxial growth (4) Diffusion
Which statement is true about the X-ray and electron beam lithography?
(1) Exposure time is longer (2) Only used for small (3) dimension devices (4)All the above
Carrier gas used for sweeping the impurity in the diffusion process is ______
(1) Oxygen (2) Dry Oxygen (3)Carbon (4) Dry Carbon
Higher energy dopant ions used in the Ion implantation for P type wafers is
(1) Aluminium (2) Boron (3)Phosphorous (4) Indium
Higher energy dopant ions used in the Ion implantation for n-type wafers is
(1) Aluminium (2) Boron (3)Phosphorous (4) Indium
________ Isolation technique reduces the parasitic capacitance between the epitaxial layers
(1) PN junction (2) P type (3)Dielectric (4) all the above
___________metal is preferred in the metallization process
(1) Aluminium (2) Chromium (3)Lithium (4) Cesium
Which is the chief advantage of aluminum as a metallization agent?
(1) good conductance (2) easy deposition (3) good mechanical bonding(4) all the above
Which IC package is more expensive?
(1) To-5 (2) Ceramic flat (3) Dual-In- Line (4) All the above
SECTION – B
1. Write the advantages of an Integrated Circuit
2. Describe briefly the Thick – Film technology
3. Explain dielectric isolation technique
4. Explain how silicon wafer are prepared
5. Discuss epitaxial growth process
SECTION – C
1. What is mean by an Integrated Circuit? Classify the function of IC’s
2. Explain the steps encompassed by the photolithographic. Illustrate
3. Explain cathode sputtering in thin film technology.
UNIT - 2
SECTION - A
What is the function of the comparators in the 555 timer circuit?
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(1) to compare the output voltages to the internal voltage divider (2) to compare the input
voltages to the internal voltage divider (3) to compare the output voltages to the external
voltage divider (4) to compare the input voltages to the external voltage divider
When a capacitor charges:
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(1) the voltage across the plates rises exponentially (2) the circuit current falls
exponentially (3) the capacitor charges to the source voltage in 5×RC seconds(4) all of the
above
The ________ is defined as the time the output is active divided by the total period of the output
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signal.
(1) on time (2) off time (3) duty cycle(4) active ratio
What does the discharge transistor do in the 555 timer circuit?
(1) charge the external capacitor to stop the timing (2) charge the external capacitor to start the
timing over again(3) discharge the external capacitor to stop the timing (4) discharge the
external capacitor to start the timing over again
Pulse stretching, time-delay, and pulse generation are all easily accomplished with which type of
multivibrator circuit?
(1) astable (2) monostable (3)multistable (4) bistable
The internal circuitry of the 555 timer consists of ________, an R-S flip-flop, a transistor switch,
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an output buffer amplifier, and a voltage divider.
(1) a comparator (2) a voltage amplifier(3) two comparators (4) peak detector
With most monostable multivibrators, what is the Q output when no input trigger has occurred?
(1) LOW (2) +5 V (3) SET (4) HIGH
An astable multivibrator requires:
(1) balanced time constants (2) a pair of matched transistors (3) no input signal(4) dual J-K
flip-flops
A crystal demonstrates the ________ effect when a mechanical force across the crystal causes a
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small voltage to be generated.
(1) photoelectric (2) Co-pitts (3)piezoelectric (4) flywheel
What is the difference between an astable multivibrator and a monostable multivibrator?
10 (1) The astable is free running. (2)The astable needs to be clocked. (3) The monostable is
free running. (4) none of the above
The output of the astable circuit ________. B.
11 (1) constantly switches between two states (2) is LOW until a trigger is received (3) is
HIGH until a trigger is received (4) floats until triggered
What controls the output pulse width of a one shot?
12 (1) the clock frequency (2) the width of the clock pulse (3) an RL time constant(4) an RC time
constan
In a typical IC monostable multivibrator circuit, at the falling edge of the trigger input, the output
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switches HIGH for a period of time determined by the ________.
(1) value of the RC timing components (2) amplitude of the input trigger (3) frequency of
the input trigger(4) magnitude of the dc supply voltage
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A monostable 555 timer has the following number of stable states:
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3
What is the difference between a retriggerable one shot and a nonretriggerable one shot?
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(1) The nonretriggerable can only be triggered once. (2) The retriggerable can be triggered
many times. (3) The output pulse can be stretched with a nonretriggerable. (4) The output
pulse can be stretched with a retriggerable.
Triggering a retriggerable one shot during pulse generation will:
16 (1) time out the original pulse (2)extend the pulse to this trigger width (3) have no
effect (4) double the original pulse width
The monostable multivibrator circuit is not an oscillator because ________.
17 (1) its output switches between two states (2) it requires a trigger to obtain an output
signal (3) it requires a sine wave input signal (4) the circuit does not require a dc power supply
A retriggerable one shot has a pulse of 10 ms. 3 ms after being triggered, another trigger pulse is
18 applied. The resulting output pulse will be ________ ms.
(1) 3 (2) 7 (3) 10 (4) 13
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What is another name for a bistable multivibrator?
(1) an on-off switch (2) an oscillator(3) a flip-flop (4) none
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An astable 555 timer has the following number of stable states:
(1) 0 (2) 1 (3) 2 (4) 3
21 Which mode of operation is being used when a 555 timer chip has two external resistors and an
external capacitor?
(1) monostable (2) pulse stretching (3)Schmitt triggering (4) astable
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a retriggerable monostable multivibrator?
22 (1) It is a dual multivibrator. (2) It has an active-HIGH reset, which terminates all
timing (3) It has no internal timing resistor. (4) none of the above
The pulse width out of a one-shot multivibrator increases when the:
23 (1) supply voltage increases (2)timing resistor decreases (3) UTP decreases (4) timing
capacitance increases
If Vcc of a 555 timer circuit is set to +10 V what is the level of output voltage from the circuit?
24 (1) VOH = 10 V, VOL = 0 V (2) VOH = 10 V, VOL = 0.1 V (3) VOH = 8.5 V, VOL = 0 V (4) VOH
= 8.5 V, VOL = 0.1 V
If the resistor in the Schmitt trigger astable multivibrator is a variable resistor, what part of the
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output voltage waveform will change when the resistance is changed?
(1) the shape of the waveform (2) the amplitude of the waveform (3) the period of the
waveform (4) none of the above
SECTION - B
1. List various application of IC 555 timer
2. Briefly explain the role of low pass filter in PLL
3. Draw and explain Schmitt trigger using 555 timer
4. Discuss the operation of a FSK generator using 555 timer
5. Draw and explain the functional diagram of a 555 timer
SECTION – C
1. Drive lock- range in 565 PLL
2. Give a detailed account on monostable operation with any two applications.
3. Explain the Block- diagram of phase-locked loop.
UNIT - 3
SECTION - A
An ideal operational amplifier has
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(1) zero input impedance (2) infinite output impedance (3) infinite bandwidth (4) All of the
above
Another name for a unity gain amplifier is:
(1) difference amplifier (2) comparator(3) single ended (4) voltage follower
The open-loop voltage gain (Aol) of an op-amp is the
(1) external voltage gain the device is capable of (2) internal voltage gain the device is
capable of (3) most controlled parameter (4) same as Acl
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A series dissipative regulator is an example of a
(1) linear regulator (2) switching regulator (3) shunt regulator (4) dc-to-dc converter
A noninverting closed-loop op-amp circuit generally has a gain factor:
(1) less than one (2) greater than one(3) of zero (4) equal to one
In order for an output to swing above and below a zero reference, the op-amp circuit requires
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(1) a resistive feedback network (2)zero offset (3) a wide bandwidth (4) a negative and
positive supply
Op-amps used as high- and low-pass filter circuits employ which configuration?
(1) noninverting (2) comparator (3)open-loop (4) inverting
If ground is applied to the (+) terminal of an inverting op-amp, the (–) terminal will:
(1) not need an input resistor (2) be virtual ground (3) have high reverse current (4) not
invert the signal
An astable multivibrator is also known as a
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(1) one-shot multivibrator (2) free-running multivibrator (3) bistable
multivibrator (4) monostable multivibrator
With negative feedback, the returning signal
10 (1) aids the input signal (2) is proportional to output current (3)opposes the input
signal (4) is proportional to differential voltage gain
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What starts a free-running multivibrator
(1) a trigger (2) an input signal (3) an external circuit (4) none of the above
If a noninverting amplifier has an RIN of 1000 ohms and an RFB of 2.5 kilohms, what is the RIN
12 voltage when 1.42 mV is applied to the correct input?
(1) 3.5 mV (2) ground (3) 1.42 mV (4)0.56 mV
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Input impedance [Zin(I)] of an inverting amplifier is approximately equal to
(1) Ri (2) Rf + Ri (3) ? (4) Rf – Ri
The closed-loop voltage gain of an inverting amplifier equals
14 (1) the ratio of the input resistance to the feedback resistance (2) the open-loop voltage
gain (3) the feedback resistance divided by the input resistance (4) the input resistance
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All of the following are basic op-amp input modes of operation EXCEPT
(1) inverting mode (2) common-mode(3) double-ended (4) single-ended
A circuit whose output is proportional to the difference between the input signals is considered to
16 be which type of amplifier?
(1) common-mode (2) darlington differential (3) differential (4)operational
With negative feedback, the returning signal
17 (1) is proportional to the output current(2) is proportional to the differential voltage
gain (3) opposes the input signal (4) aids the input signal
The voltage follower has a:
18 (1) closed-loop voltage gain of unity(2) small open-loop voltage gain (3)closed-loop
bandwidth of zero (4) large closed-loop output impedance
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The ratio between differential gain and common-mode gain is called:
(1) amplitude (2) differential-mode rejection (3) Common mode rejection(4) phase
In an open-loop op-amp circuit, whenever the inverting input (–) is negative relative to the
20 noninverting input (+), the output will:
(1) swing negative (2) close the loop (3)be balanced (4) swing positive
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If the input to a comparator is a sine wave, the output is a:
(1) ramp voltage (2) sine wave (3)rectangular wave (4) sawtooth wave
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The major difference between ground and virtual ground is that virtual ground is only a:
(1) voltage reference (2) current reference (3) power reference (4)difference reference
If an op-amp has one input grounded and the other input has a signal feed to it, then it is
23 operating as what?
(1) Common-mode (2) Single-ended(3) Double-ended (4) Noninverting mode
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The Schmitt trigger is a two-state device that is used for:
(1) pulse shaping (2) peak detection(3) input noise rejection (4) filtering
When a capacitor is used in place of a resistor in an op-amp network, its placement determines
25 (1) open- or closed-loop gain (2)integration or differentiation (3)saturation or
cutoff (4) addition or subtraction
SECTION - B
1. Draw the circuit of full-wave rectifier and give its average value
2. Explain summing amplifier with neat diagram
3. List out the application of operational amplifier
4. Explain with circuit diagram, how does an Op amp used an a integrator.
5. With a circuit diagram explain the working of a current to voltage convertor.
SECTION – C
1. Derive expressions for the exact and ideal voltage of Non- Inverting Op-amp.
2. Discuss about instrumentation amplifier with circuit diagram and calculation for output its
operation.
3. Explain in detail about voltage to current converter with floating load and grounded load.
UNIT - 4
SECTION – A
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A transducer's function is to:
(1) transmit electrical energy (2)convert energy (3) produce mechanical energy (4) prevent
current flow
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Self generating type transducers are ___________ transducers.
(1) Active (2) Passive (3) Secondary(4) Inverse
The transducers that converts the input signal into the output signal, which is a discrete function
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of time is known as ___________ transducer.
(1) Active (2) Analog (3) Digital (4)Pulse
Which of the following is a digital transducer?
(1) Strain gauge (2) Encoder (3)Thermistor (4) LVDT
Strain gauge, LVDT and thermocouple are examples of
(1) Active transducers (2) Passive transducers (3) Analog transducers(4) Primary
transducers
An inverse transducer is a device which converts
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(1) An electrical quantity into a non electrical quantity (2) Electrical quantity into
mechanical quantity (3)Electrical energy into thermal energy (4)Electrical energy into light
energy
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A strain gauge is a passive transducer and is employed for converting
(1) Mechanical displacement into a change of resistance (2) Pressure into a change of
resistance (3) Force into a displacement (4) Pressure into displacement
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Resolution of a transducer depends on
(1) Material of wire (2) Length of wire(3) Diameter of wire (4) Excitation voltage
In wire wound strain gauges, the change in resistance is due to
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(1) Change in diameter of the wire (2)Change in length of the wire (3) Change in both length
and diameter (4)Change in resistivity
Bonded wire strain gauges are
(1) Exclusively used for construction of transducers (2) Exclusively used for stress
analysis (3) Used for both stress analysis and construction of transducer (4) Pressure
measurement
Certain type of materials generates an electrostatic charge or voltage when mechanical force is
11 applied across them. Such materials are called
(1) Piezo-electric (2) Photo-electric(3) Thermo-electric (4) Photo-resistive
Which of the following are piezo electric substances? 1. Barium titanate 2. Lead titanate 3. Lead
12 Zirconate 4. Cadmium and sulphate
(1) 1,2 and 4 (2) ,3and4 (3) 1,2and 3(4) 2,3and 4
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Piezo-electric transducers are
(1) Passive transducers (2) Inverse transducers (3) Digital transducers (4)Pulse transducers
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Piezo – electric transducers work when we apply _____________ to it.
(1) Mechanical force (2) Vibrations (3)Illuminations (4) Heat
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Piezo electric crystal can produce an emf
(1) When external mechanical force is applied to i (2) When radiant energy stimulates the
crystal (3) When external magnetic field is applied (4) When the junction of two such crystals
are heated
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LVDT windings are wound on
(1) Steel sheets (2) Aluminium (3)Ferrite (4) Copper
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The size of air cored transducers in comparison to the iron core parts is
(1) Smaller (2) Larger (3) Same (4)Unpredictable
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The principle of operation of LVDT is based on the variation of
(1) Self inductance (2) Mutual inductance (3) Reluctance (4)Permanence
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LVDT is an/a ___________ transducer
(1) Magneto-strict ion (2) Inductive (3)Resistive (4) Eddy current
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Which of the following can be measured with the help of piezo electric crystal?
(1) Force (2) Velocity (3) Sound (4)Pressure
In a LVDT, the two secondary voltages
21 (1) Are independent of the core position(2) vary unequally depending on the core
position (3) Vary equally depending on the core position (4) Are always in phase quadrature
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Capacitive transducers are normally employed for___________ measurements
(1) Static (2) Dynamic (3) Transient(4) Both static and dynamic
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The application of LVDT is
(1) Joint motion (2) Finger movement(3) Limb movement (4) heart wall mot
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Photo conductive cell consists of a thin film of
(1) Quartz (2) Lithium sulphate (3)Barium titanate (4) Selenium
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_____________ is the example of photo emissive cell
(1) LDR (2) Photo diode (3) Photo transistor (4) Photo multiplier
SECTION - B
1. Write about RVDT and its operation
2. Write the principle and working of potentiometer.
3. List out the advantages of LVDT.
4. List out the advantages of Electrical transducers.
5. Explain the operation of photo multiplier tube with neat diagram.
SECTION – C
1. Explain the working principle of thermistors.
2. List various types of thermocouple.
3. What are piezo electrical transducers? Derive the coupling co-efficient K.
UNIT - 5
SECTION – A
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To increase Q factor of a coil, the wire should be
(1) long (2) thin (3) thick (4) long and thin
An ammeter of 0-25 A range has a guaranteed accuracy of 1% of full scale reading. The current
measured is 5 A. The limiting error is
(1) 2% (2) 2.5% (3) 4% (4) 5%
The coil of a moving iron instrument has a resistance of 500 ? and an inductance of 1 H. It reads
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250 V when a 250 V dc is applied. If series resistance is 2000 ?, its reading when fed by 250 V,
50 Hz ac will be
(1) 260 V (2) 252 V (3) 250 V (4) 248 V
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In a CRO which of the following is not a part of electron gun
(1) cathode (2) grid (3) accelerating anode (4) X - Y plates
Which of the following voltmeters would you use for measuring voltage across 20 k? resistance?
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(1) Voltmeter having a resistance of 5 k?(2) Voltmeter having a sensitivity of 1
kW/V (3) Voltmeter having sensitivity of 10 kW/V (4) None of the above
A digital voltmeter has a read out range from 0 to 999 counts. If the full scale reading is 9.999 V,
the resolution is
(1) 1 V (2) 0.01 V (3) 1 mV (4) 1 ?V
The household energy meter is A. indicating instrument B. C. integrating instrument D.
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(1) indicating instrument (2) recording instrument (3) integrating instrument(4) none of the
above
The household energy meter is
(1) integrating instrument (2)indicating instrument (3) recording instrument (4) none of the
above
Potentiometer method of dc voltage measurement is more accurate than direct measurement
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using a voltmeter because
(1) it loads the circuit to maximum extent (2) it loads the circuit moderately(3) it does not
load the circuit at all(4) it uses centre zero galvanometer instead of Voltmeters
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A digital frequency counter can be converted to DVM by addition of a suitable
(1) voltage controlled oscillator (2) D/A converter (3) power amplifier (4)operational amplifier
11 A voltmeter using thermocouples measures
(1) rms value (2) peak value (3)average value (4) peak to peak value
The use of _____ instruments is merely confined within laboratories as stand¬ardizing
12 instruments.
(1) absolute (2) indicating (3)recording (4) integrating
Which of the following instruments indicate the instantaneous value of the electrical quantity
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being measured at the time at which it is being measured ?
(1) Absolute instruments (2) Indicating instruments (3) Recording
instruments(4) Integrating instruments
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Resistances can be measured with the help of
(1) wattmeters (2) voltmeters (3)ammeters (4) ohmmeters and resistance bridges
Which of the following essential features is possessed by an indicating instrument ?
(1) Deflecting device (2) controlling device (3) Damping device (4) All of the above
A moving-coil permanent-magnet instrument can be used as _____ by using a low resistance
16 shunt.
(1) ammeter (2) voltmeter (3) flux-meter (4) ballistic galvanometer
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An induction meter can handle current upto
(1) 10 A (2) 30 A (3) 60 A (4) 100 A
An ammeter is a
18 (1) secondary instrument (2)absolute instrument (3) recording instrument (4) integrating
instrument
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In a portable instrument, the controlling torque is provided by
(1) spring (2) gravity (3) eddy currents(4) all of the above
The function of shunt in an ammeter is to
20 (1) by pass the current (2) increase the sensitivity of the ammeter (3)increase the resistance
of ammeter (4)none of the above
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The multiplier and the meter coil in a voltmeter are in
(1) series (2) parallel (3) series-parallel (4) none of the above
An ohmmeter is a
22 (1) moving iron instrument (2) moving coil instrument (3) dynamometer
instrument (4) none of the above
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In cathode ray oscilloscope the spots are formed on screen having
(1) anode (2) cathode (3) grid (4)matrix
The cathode ray oscilloscope displays the graph of the waveforms based on
(1) current (2) voltage (3) potential difference (4) temperature
25 The output of the sweep and time base generator will be
(1) sinusoidal waveform (2) cos waveform (3) saw tooth waveform(4) both a and b
SECTION - B
1. Explain in brief about ramp type DVM.
2. What is CRO? Explain its operation with the diagram.
3. Discuss about Digital pH meter.
4. Explain the operation of a basic voltmeter.
5. State the principle and explain the working and a Q meter with diagram.
SECTION – C
1. Describe digital multimeter.
2. Explain with neat sketch digital oscilloscope.
3. Explain in digital about cathode Ray tube with diagram.
ALL THE BEST