Download Reflexive Verbs and Pronouns

ESPAÑOL III
El 10 de noviembre
2016
Capítulo 2A
Realidades-2
(NOTEBOOKS)
5-10 minutes each night
reviewing gramar and vocbulary
of the current lesson.
In your NOTEBOOKS
To be completed in the regular
notebooks (or JOURNALS)
Monday through Friday
JOURNAL
(Notebook)
Every school
night
5-10 minutes!!!!!
SPANISH III
REALIDADES 2 textbook
Remember work that was due-
Mini Lessons -5
minutes at least every
school night in
notebooks
(JOURNALS)
La Lección de hoy
2. A PRIMERA VISTA Capítulo 2
1. A discutir las Rutinas Diarías con todos los
estudiantes
2. ¿Qué haces…..?
3.
OBJETIVO
Using Reflexive Verbs to describe your
daily routine and El Pretérito
Ocho escenas y ocho dibujos
La rutina diária
A la pizarra
a. la fecha y el tiempo
b. CONTAR en pretérito-
CONTAR
conté
contaste
contó
contamos
contasteis
contaron
PENSAR
Pensé
Pensaste
Pensó
Pensamos
Pensasteis
Pensaron
Vocabulario
La caja
En realidad
En efectivo
El pricio
Cuero
Mas de los verbosGastar
Encontrar
Anunciar
Escoger
La Gramática
Mas de los verbvos en el pretérito
Mirar
Miré
M iraste
Miró
Miramos
Mirasteis
Miraron
Aprender
Aprendí
Aprendiste
Aprendió
Aprendemos
Aprendisteis
Aprendieron
Escribir
Escribí
Erscribiste
Escribió
Escribimos
Escribisteis
Escriibieron
DECIR
Dije
Dijiste
Dijo
Dijimos
Dijisteis
Dijeron
Al Escribir
El papel entregado a todos presentes
A 1-10
B 1-2
12 preguntas
cada respuesta valía 2 puntos
Puntos completos
24
24 puntos
PARTE II
clase
el proyecto en
Using Reflexive Verbs to describe your
daily routine and El Pretérito
Ocho escenas y ocho dibujos
La rutina diária
Demonstrative
Adjectives
Imagine that you're in a store browsing through
merchandise and talking to a salesperson behind the
counter. As you discuss the various products, you will
likely use words like, "this," "that," "these," and "those."
I'd like to try on this ring.
How much does that book cost?
What are these toys made out of?
I want to buy three of those light bulbs.
The underlined words above are known as
demonstrative adjectives. Which adjective you use
depends on two things: 1) how many objects there
are, and 2) how close they are to you. Using this
information we can build a grid:
near:
singular:
plural:
this
these
far:
that
those
Este, Estos, Ese, Esos
Spanish is similar, albeit with one major difference
that we'll get to later.
singular:
plural:
near:
este
estos
far:
ese
esos
Some examples:
Quisiera probarme este anillo.
I'd like to try on this ring.
¿Cuánto cuesta ese libro?
How much does that book cost?
¿De qué son estos juguetes?
What are these toys made out of?
Quiero comprar tres de esos bombillos.
I want to buy three of those light bulbs.
Please note that even though they are adjectives, we
place este, ese, estos, and esos in front of the nouns
they modify instead behind them like we normally do.
Also note that the demonstrative adjectives for nearby
items are este and ese, not esto and eso. It may seem
inconsistent with what you already know about
adjectives, but that's just the way it is.
There is a little rhyme that can help you keep your
demonstrative adjectives straight: "This" and "these"
have t's, "that" and "those" don't.
Esta, Estas, Esa, Esas
If that seemed too easy, it's because it is. Since
adjectives (even the demonstrative kind) always agree
in gender and in number with the nouns they modify,
our Spanish chart needs to be a little more complex
masculine:
singular:
plural:
feminine:
singular:
plural:
near:
este
estos
esta
estas
far:
ese
esos
esa
esas
Note: Accent marks and pronunciation are important.
Don't confuse esta, the adjective, with está, the form
of estar.
Now we can talk about feminine objects as well:
Quisiera probarme esta pulsera.
I'd like to try on this bracelet.
¿Cuánto cuesta esa revista?
How much does that magazine cost?
¿De qué son estas camisas?
What are these shirts made of?
Quiero comprar tres de esas bufandas.
I'd like to buy three of those scarves.
The demonstrative adjectives changed to agree
with the nouns they modify.
But we're still not done, because in addition to the
"near" and "far" demonstrative adjectives, Spanish
throws in a third category that doesn't exist in English:
Aquel, Aquellos, Aquella, Aquellas
masculine:
feminine:
singular:
plural:
singular:
plural:
near:
este
estos
esta
estas
far:
ese
esos
esa
esas
aquel
aquellos
aquella
aquellas
really far:
So what's going on here? If an object is close enough
to touch or right in front of you, use the first line from
the chart above: este, or esta (for more than one
object, estos or estas). If the object is a little farther
away from you, use the second
line: ese or esa (plural: esos or esas). And if the object
is not in your general vicinity, use the last
line: aquel or aquella (plural: aquellos or aquellas).
Please note that once again the masculine singular
demonstrative adjective doesn't follow the normal
pattern. It's aquel, not aquello.
Imagine that you're in the store again. You want to
know the prices of a series of watches. The first watch
is lying on the counter in front of you. The second is in
the display case a few feet to one side. And the third
watch is hanging on the wall behind the salesperson.
Your questions might sound something like this:
¿Cuánto cuesta este reloj?
How much does this watch cost?
¿Y cuánto cuesta ese reloj?
And how much does that watch cost?
¿Y cuánto cuesta aquel reloj?
And how much does that watch (over there) cost?
Or if instead of watches you were asking about
bouquets of flowers:
¿Cuánto cuestan estas flores?
How much do these flowers cost?
¿Y cuánto cuestan esas flores?
And how much do those flowers cost?
¿Y cuánto cuestan aquellas flores?
And how much do those flowers (over there) cost?
Notice that both ese and aquel (or esa and aqella)
translate to "that" in English. And
both esos and aquellos (or esas and aquellas)
translate to "those." It can be helpful to add the words
"over there" when dealing with forms of aquel.
Determining when you should use a form of eso versus
when you should use a form of aquel is not an exact
science. One way that might make it clearer is to think
of it this way: If the object you're discussing is closer to
you than it is to the person you're talking to, use a form
of este. If the object is closer to the person you're
talking to, use a form of ese. And if the object isn't near
either of you, use a form of aquel.
Demonstrative Pronouns
Now let's talk demonstrative pronouns. Remember that
an adjective is a word that modifies a noun, but a
pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun. Let's
say that you're in a store again shopping for a pen.
Rather than say the word "pen" over and over again,
you will probably use pronouns: "How much is this
pen?" "How much is that one?" "What color are these?"
Here are some more examples. The first sentence
includes an adjective. The second one uses a pronoun:
I like this car. She prefers that one.
I like these videos. She prefers those ones.
I like these trees. She prefers those.
Notice how we sometimes include the word "one" or
"ones" with our pronouns.
In Spanish, the pronouns that we use look very similar
to the adjectives:
Me gusta este coche. Ella prefiere ése.
Me gustan estos videos. Ella prefiere ésos.
Me gustan estos árboles. Ella prefiere aquéllos.
The complete set of demonstrative pronouns looks like
this:
masculine:
feminine:
singular:
plural:
singular:
plural:
near:
éste
éstos
ésta
éstas
far:
ése
ésos
ésa
ésas
aquél
aquéllos
aquélla
aquéllas
really far:
Note: Recently, the rule requiring demonstrative
prounouns to have accents has been relaxed.
The Real Academia Españolanow recommends that
accents only be used to prevent ambiguity. Not
everyone agrees with the REA, however; best to check
with your teacher, professor, boss, etc.
The only difference is that we add an accent mark to
each of the pronouns. The accent doesn't change the
pronunciation at all; it falls on the syllable that would
normally be stressed anyway. It's only used to
distinguish pronouns from adjectives in writing.
Coincidentally, the accent mark falls on the first "e" in
every pronoun.
Note how we still have the third "really far" category
with our pronouns just as we did with the adjectives. It
works exactly the same way.
Neuter Pronouns
Now we can translate "this" and "these" and "that" and
"those" without any problems, right? What about in
these situations?
We're lost and we have no gas.
This is not good.
I like reading a good book.
I like that too!
The underlined words are pronouns, but the problem is
that they aren't replacing a specific noun, but rather a
concept ("being lost" or "reading"). That's not a big deal
in English but in Spanish we need to know the gender
in order to use the correct pronoun. What is the gender
of "being lost" or of "reading a good book"? We really
can't say. So what do we do? We use a neuter
pronoun that's neither masculine nor feminine:
Estamos perdidos y no tenemos gasolina.
Esto no es bueno.
Me gusta leer un libro bueno.
¡Me gusta eso también!
There are three neuter demonstrative
pronouns: esto, eso, and aquello. We aren't worried
about gender with neuter pronouns. We also aren't
worried about number since we're replacing a
(singular) concept not (plural) objects.
Please note that:

Even though esto, eso, and aquello might seem to
fit the demonstrative adjective pattern
better, este, ese, and aquel are the singular,
masculine adjectives.

The pronouns esto, eso, and aquello are
considered neuter, not masculine, even though
they end in "-o."

Even though they are pronouns, esto, eso,
and aquello don't have accent marks.
Fin con- Los adjetivos demonstrativos
Proyecto
La lección para hoy …a continuar
Reflexive Verbs in use
LA RUTINA DIÁRIA
a. Por escribir
b. Por hablar
c. Por compartir con los otros
estudiantes en español para comparar
las experiencias diarías
Reflexive Verbs and
Pronouns
Reflexive pronouns work with a reflexive verb to indicate
that a person is performing the action toward or for himor herself. These types of verbs are not very common in
English, but are used frequently in Spanish. Many actions
related to personal care or daily routines are reflexive, but
other verbs can be reflexive as well.

Me ducho cada mañana. (I shower (myself) every
morning.)

Te peinas el pelo. (You brush your hair (yourself).)

Se hablaba. (He was talking to himself.)

Me veo en el espejo. (I see myself in the mirror.)
The subject is performing the action on him- or herself,
making the object of the verb, the same as the subject.
Compare two sentences in which one is reflexive and
one is not.

I wash myself. (Me lavo.) - myself is the object
of wash

I wash the dog. (Lavo el perro.) - the dog is the
object of wash

When the object of the verb is the same person as the
subject, you will need to use a reflexive pronoun that
matches the subject of the verb in both number (singular,
plural) and person (1st, 2nd, 3rd).
MORE ON
REFLEXIVE VERBS
below

Me lavo. (I wash myself.)

Te lavas. (You wash yourself.)

Se lava. (He washes himself./She washes
herself./It washes itself./You wash yourself.)

Nos lavamos. (We wash ourselves.)

Os laváis. (You wash yourselves.)

Se lavan. (They wash themselves./You wash
yourselves.)

Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive pronouns have almost the same
forms as indirect object
pronouns except se is used in place
of le and les for the third person.
The reflexive pronoun will always be the
same person (1st, 2nd, 3rd) and number
(singular, plural) as the subject of the
sentence.
Reflexive Pronoun Forms
Singular
Plural
1st
me (to, for, from, or off
person myself)
nos (to, for, from, or off
ourselves)
2nd
te (to, for, from, or off
person yourself)
os (to, for, from, or off
yourselves)
se (to, for, from, or off
3rd
himself, herself, itself,
person
yourself)
se (to, for, from, or off
themselves, yourselves)
Reflexive Pronoun Uses
Reflexive verbs will require the use of reflexive pronouns to
indicate that the direct object of the verb is also the
subject, that the subject is performing the action on himor her-self. Notice that the reflexive pronoun has the
same person as the verb ending.

lavarse (to wash one’s self) - Me lavo las
manos. (I wash my hands.)

sacarse (to take something off one’s self) - Nos
sacamos los guantes. (We our gloves off
(ourselves).)

despertarse (to wake up) - Se despiertan a las
seis cada mañana. (They wake themselves up at
six o’clock every morning.)
As mentioned before, you can also add reflexive
pronouns to verbs not regularly reflexive verbs in
order to make them reflexive.

verse (to see one’s self)

hablarse (to talk to one’s self)

escribirse (to write to one’s self)

comprarse (to buy (something) for one’s self)
Reflexive verbs can also be used to indicate an
emotional response to something. When a person
becomes angry, sad, happy, etc., you can express this
by using reflexive verbs.

Me enojé rápidamente. (I got angry quickly.)

Te alegras de hablar español. (It makes you
happy to speak Spanish.)

Se aburre en la clase de matemáticas. (He gets
bored in Math class.)
Reflexive pronouns can also be used to add
emphasis to a seemingly regular situation. The
pronouns are not normally translated directly into
English, but the sense of something extra is there in
Spanish.

Comí el pastel. (I ate the cake.)

Me comí el pastel. (I ate up the cake/I ate the
whole cake.)

Estúdialo. (Study it.)

Estúdiatelo. (Really study it./Study it thoroughly.)
Reflexive Pronoun Placement
Reflexive pronouns are placed immediately before
simple conjugated verbs and negative commands.

sacarse - Yo me saco los guantes. (I take off my
gloves.)

afeitarse - Tú te afeitas la cara. (You shave your
face.)

acostarse - Ellas se acuestan. (They go to bed.)

escribirse - No se escriba notas. (Don’t write
notes to yourself.)
Reflexive Pronouns are attached to affirmative
commands and in the case of compound verbs
(present progressive, ir+a+infinitive, etc.) the
pronoun can either be attached to the infinitive or
present participle or go before the conjugated verb.

ducharhse - Estoy duchándome. / Me estoy
duchando. (I am showering (myself).)

quitarse - Quítate el sombrero. (Take off your hat.)

sentarse - Voy a sentarme. / Me voy a sentar. (I
am going to sit (myself) down.)
Reflexive Verb Examples
Below is a list of common reflexive verbs. This is not
a complete list, but rather a reference to help you
understand which kinds of verbs are reflexive.
aburrirse (de) (
enojarse
despertarse (t
quitarse (to
to get bored
(con) (to get
o wake up)
take off)
with)
mad about)
acordarse
(de) (to
remember)
destaparse (to irse (to
uncover)
leave)
acostarse (to
go to bed)
desvestirse (to limarse (las secarse (to
get undressed) uñas) (to file) dry off)
afeitarse (to
shave)
disgustarse
maquillarse (
(de) (to
sentarse (to
to put on
become upset
sit down)
makeup)
about)
reponerse (t
o get better)
alegrarse
distraerse (to mirarse (to
(de) (to be glad distract
look at
about)
oneself)
oneself)
sostenerse (
to support)
bañarse (to
bathe)
subirse (to
get up)
divertirse
olvidarse
(con) (to enjoy (de) (to
oneself with) forget about)
cepillarse (to
brush)
convertirse
(en) (to
become)
dormirse (to
go to sleep)
peinarse (to taparse (to
comb one's cover up
hair)
oneself)
ducharse (to
shower)
pintarse (los
labios) (to torcerse (to
put on
twist)
lipstick)
desayunarse (t enfermarse (to probarse (to vestirse (to
o eat breakfast) become ill)
try on)
get dressed)
despedirse (to enloquecerse ( ponerse (to volverse (to
say good-bye) to go crazy) put on)
become)
FIN de la
lección de hoy
Mas de la gramática
Reflexive Verbs with Meaning Changes
Making a verb reflexive can change its meaning in
ways that you wouldn’t find very logical. Some are
more subtle than others, while some are quite
different. Some of these verbs are listed below.
abonar
to pay
money
abonarse
to subscribe to (a
magazine, newspaper,
etc.)
abrir
to open
abrirse
to open up (confide in
someone)
to
acordar agree/to
decide
acordarse to remember
acusar
to accuse acusarse
to confess
callar
to be quiet callarse
to become quiet
cerrar
to close
to close oneself off
cerrarse
emotionally
combinarto combine combinarseto take turns
dormir
to sleep
dormirse
to fall asleep
ir
to go
irse
to go away
llevar
to carry
llevarse
to take away
poner
to put
ponerse
to put on/to wear
salir
to leave
salirse
to leave
unexpectedly/to leak
REGULAR
PRETERITE VERBS
The preterite tense is used to refer to actions that
occurred at a fixed point in time.
I called at 1:00.
Llamé a la una.
The preterite tense is also used to refer to actions
in the past that were performed a specific number
of times.
I called you twice.
Te llamé dos veces.
The preterite tense is also used to refer to actions
that occurred during a specific enclosed period of
time.
He lived there for 5 years.
Él vivió allí por cinco años.
The preterite is also used for actions that are part
of a chain of events.
I bought a hat, sat down on a bench and fell
asleep.
Compré un sombrero, me senté en un banco y
me dormí.
The preterite is also used for sudden changes of
mood, feelings or opinions.
At that moment, I was not afraid.
En ese momento, no tuve miedo.
The preterite is frequently associated with phrases
that pinpoint a particular occasion or specific time
frame.
ayer
yesterday
ayer por la mañana
yesterday morning
ayer por la tarde
yesterday afternoon
anteayer
the day before yesterday
anoche
last night
desde el primer momento
from the first moment
después
afterwards
durante dos siglos
for two centuries
el año pasado
last year
el lunes por la noche
Monday night
el mes pasado
last month
el otro día
the other day
en ese momento
at that moment
entonces
then
esta mañana
this morning
esta tarde
this afternoon
hace dos días, años
two days, years ago
la semana pasada
last week
If the action is in the past, and you can determine
precisely when it occurred, or how many times it
occurred, then you will use the preterite.
Regular forms of the preterite are formed by
adding the following endings to the stem of the
verb:
-ar verbs
example: hablar
é
aste
ó
amos
asteis
aron
hablé
hablaste
habló
hablamos
hablasteis
hablaron
-er verbs, -ir verbs
examples: comer, vivir
í
iste
ió
imos
isteis
ieron
comí
comiste
comió
comimos
comisteis
comieron
viví
viviste
vivió
vivimos
vivisteis
vivieron
There are a fair number of verbs with
irregular conjugation forms in the Preterite.
These Irregular forms in the Preterite are
said to have "radical" changes, that is, vowel
and consonant changes in the root (or stem
of the verb.)
Furthermore, these changes occur in all of
the conjugations (including
the nosotros form.) These Irregular preterite
changes are NOT for orthographic (spelling)
reasons (like the verbs ending in -Car, -Gar
and -Zar) nor are the changes in vowels
similar to regular stem-changing verbs which
affect certain -Ir conjugations in the
Preterite.
Verbs which have an Irregular Preterite form
have their own conjugation - different from
the established -Ar, -Er/-Ir Preterite
conjugation pattern.
All Verbs with grossly
irregular changes in the
Preterite follow this
conjugation:
-Ar, -Er, Ir Irregular
Verbs
Yo
-e
Tú
-iste
Él, ella,
usted
-o
Nosotros
-imos
Ellos, ellas,
ustedes
-ieron*
* Verbs with a "J" at the end of the
stem drop the "i" and just use: -eron
Notice that none of these conjugation endings have accent marks!
Here are some common Irregular verbs in the Preterite:
Yo
tú
él, ella,
usted
nosotros
ellos, ellas,
ustedes
Andar
anduve
anduviste
anduvo
anduvimos
anduvieron
Conducir*
conduje
condujiste
condujo
condujimos
condujeron
Decir*
dije
dijiste
dijo
dijimos
dijeron
Estar
estuve
estuviste
estuvo
estuvimos
estuvieron
Hacer
hice
hiciste
hizo
hicimos
hicieron
Poner
puse
pusiste
puso
pusimos
pusieron
Poder
pude
pudiste
pudo
pudimos
pudieron
Querer
quise
quisiste
quiso
quisimos
quisieron
Saber
supe
supiste
supo
supimos
supieron
Tener
tuve
tuviste
tuvo
tuvimos
tuvieron
Traer*
traje
trajiste
trajo
trajimos
trajeron
Venir
vine
viniste
vino
vinimos
vinieron
Hacer in the third person singular changes out the "c" for a "z" to reflect the correct
pronunciation.
Irregulars which use a "J" in the Preterite only add "-eron" (NOT "-ieron") to the third-
person plural
Other verbs which are irregular in the Preterite
Dar
di
diste
dio
dimos
dieron
Dar is often humorously referred to as the "cross-dressing" verb, because in the
PreteriteDar takes on the -Er/-Ir preterite verb endings rather than -Ar verb endings.
Ver
vi
viste
vio
vimos
vieron
Verbs with only 2 or 3 letters, such as Dar, Ser, Ir and Ver, also do not wear accent
marks in the Preterite.
Remember that Spanish only uses accent marks when required for pronunciation or
differentiation.
Ir & Ser
fui
fuiste
fue
fuimos
fueron
Notice that Ir and Ser share the same forms in the Preterite. This is not as confusing as it
may appear. Since Ser refers to existence and identification, it is nearly impossible to use
this in the Preterite which handles only completed actions. This preterite conjugation
form will nearly always be Ir (an action verb) rather than Ser (a descriptive verb) which
is usually conjugated in the Imperfect Past tense.
Also the context of a sentence or a conversation will let you know which is being used.
For example:

Fui al supermercado clearly means "I went to the supermarket," not *"I was to
the supermarket."
While there are more irregulars in the
Preterite past tense than in any other tense,
the good news is that Spanish makes up for it
with a 99.99% regular Imperfect past tense!
Fin
¡Adiós!