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Anatomy & Physiology I Peripheral Vascular System 1. Arteries & Veins a) Arteries are high or low pressure vessels (circle correct answer). b) Arteries always carry blood away from the heart. True or False c) Veins always carry deoxygenated blood. True or False 2. Varicose veins a) What are varicose veins? b) What causes varicose veins? c) What happens to the blood when varicose veins occur? 3. Hemodynamics (velocity of blood flow) a) What is the velocity of blood flow? b) What is circulation time? (volume of blood flow) a) What is cardiac output? b) Name 2 factors that influence cardiac output. (blood pressure) a) What is blood pressure & what causes it? b) If heart rate increases cardiac output does blood pressure rise or fall? c) Does pressure fall or rise in systemic circulation with distance from left ventricle? d) How much does blood volume have to decrease for blood pressure to drop? e) Does water retention increase or decrease blood pressure (resistance) a) What is resistance? b) What are 3 variables that affect resistance? ______________________- ______________________- ______________________- c) The 3 variables above make what? d) How do arterioles control blood pressure? (venous return) a) What is venous return? b) Venous return depends on _____________________ difference from venules (16mmHg) to right atrium (0mmHg) c) If tricuspid valve is leaky will it cause a build up or loss of blood on venous side of circulation? d) What is a skeletal muscle pump? e) What is a respiratory pump? 4. Syncope a) What is syncope? b) What are 4 causes of syncope? 5. Input to the Cardiovascular Centre – Match the appropriate definitions with the correct #. 1-higher brain centres 2-proprioceptors 3-barorceptors 4-chemoreceptors ______input during physical activity ______anticipation of competition, increase in body temperature ______monitor concentration of chemicals in the blood ______changes in pressure within blood vessels 6. What does a carotid sinus massage have to do with syncope? 7. What is shock and how does it affect homeostasis? 8. Pulse points-label the specific diagrams with the correct name a) b) ______________________________ c) _______________________________ d) ______________________________ e) _______________________________ f) ______________________________ g) _______________________________ h) ______________________________ _______________________________ 9. Which arteries branch off the aorta to supply the heart muscle? 10. Venipuncture a) Where is venipuncture normally performed in adults? b) Where is it performed in infants? 11. Label the following diagrams and use the answer key on the back page to check your answers. ARTERIES VEINS Aorta- ascending aortic arch thoracic abdominal common carotid internal carotid external carotid vertebral brachiocephalic subclavian axillary brachial radial ulnar superficial & deep palmar arches coronary common hepatic splenic gastric superior mesenteric renal inferior mesenteric common iliac external iliac internal iliac femoral deep femoral popliteal anterior tibial posterior tibial dorsalis pedis superior vena cava inferior vena cava brachiocephalic subclavian internal jugular external jugular vertebral axillary brachial cephalic basilic medial cubital radial ulnar great cardiac hepatic hepatic portal splenic superior mesenteric inferior mesenteric renal common iliac external iliac internal iliac femoral greater saphenous popliteal anterior tibial posterior tibial peroneal Arteries of the Brain arterial shunts called the connect the posterior cerebral arteries and the middle cerebral arteries. There are two (2), a right and a left. An anterior communicating artery (only 1), joins the right and left anterior cerebral arteries Together these vessels form an arterial anastomosis called the _____________________ An anastomosis functions to provide alternate routes for blood to reach an area if an occlusion occurs. (ie blood clot)