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Unit 3 Review Question 1 In his gold foil experiment, Rutherford found most particles went straight through the gold foil, but a few bounced back at him, what did he determine about the atom from these results? Atom mostly empty space Atom has a small, dense positively charged cener Question 2 What do the following numbers tell you about an atom? Mass number- number of protons and neutrons an atom has Atomic mass- average mass of all isotopes of an element Atomic number- number of protons an atom has and number electrons a neutral atom has Question 3 What are isotopes? Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons Important: the amount of protons stays the same! Question 4 How do the isotopes Be-8 and Be-9 differ? (think about what the numbers represent) Be-8 has 4 protons and 4 neutrons Be-9 has 4 protons and 5 neutrons Question 5 As the atomic number increases as you move across the periodic table, what happens to the number of protons and electrons in an atom? They also increase ex. C has 6 protons, N has 7 protons Question 6 What is the atomic mass of N-14? 14.01 amu Question 7 How many neutrons does N-14 have? 14= 7 protons + n n= 7 Question 8 How many electrons can each of the following sublevels hold? s- 2 p- 6 d- 10 Question 9 What does the quantum mechanics model of the atom tell us about the location of electrons? It tells us that electrons exist in 3-D space around the nucleus, it can tell us the probability of where an electron is about 90% of the time Question 10 As you move further away from the nucleus, do electrons have more or less energy? More energy Question 11 How many total electrons are in each of these principal energy levels? (Fill out the chart to get your answer) Energy Level Total Number of orbitals (s, p, d) Total Number of Electrons 1 1 2 2 4 8 3 9 18 Question 12 What are the rules for orbital notation? Question 13 List the atomic orbitals in increasing energy order starting at 1s2 and ending at 5s2 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d104p65s2 Question 14 What is wrong with this orbital diagram? There should not be a down arrow in 2p, it should be an up arrow in the 2nd box