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Rise of Islam Chapter 11 section 1 Mr. Marsh Columbus North High School Prophet Muhammad • City of Mecca – Crossroads of two main trade routes • Muhammad was born in Mecca about 570 AD – At around 25 married a wealthy widow Khadiji (kah DEE jah) – At age 40 upset with idol worship and moral ills of society – Muhammad heard a voice (perceived to be Gabriel the messenger of God) telling him to “Recite I the name of your God, the Creator, who created man from clots of blood – His wife supported him and told him to follow what he heard • She became the first convert of Islam The Hijra: a Turning Point • 622 faced with the threat of murder Muhammad and his followers left Mecca for Yathrib • Journey becomes known as Hijra – Yathrib is renamed Medina “City of the Prophet” – This marks the first year of the Muslim Calendar Return to Mecca • In 630 Muhammad returned to Mecca and destroyed the idols • Muhammad worked to unite the Arabs under Islam until his death in 632 Teachings of Islam • Islam is monotheistic • The Quran (ku RAHN) is there holy book • God is all-powerful and compassionate – People are responsible for there own actions – Each individual will face judgment and will either have eternal punishment in hell or eternal bliss in paradise ***Five Pillars*** • First- There is no god but God, Muhammad is the messenger of God. – God sent other prophets including Abraham, Moses and Jesus, but Muhammad is the greatest ***Five Pillars*** • Second- Daily Prayer – After ritual washing, Muslims face the holy city of Mecca – Muslims will pray wherever but on many cases the pray at a mosques ***Five Pillars*** • Third- Charity to the poor and needy • Forth- Fasting during the month of Ramadan – Fasting from Sunrise to Sunset • Fifth- Pilgrimage to Mecca – All able bodies need to make a trip to Mecca once in their life. Jihad (jee HAHD) • Effort in God’s service as another duty • It does not mean only “Holy War” however it also means and includes acts of charity or a internal struggle to achieve spiritual peace The Quran • Quran contains the sacred word of God as revealed by Muhammad • Muslims believe that, in its original Arabic, the Quran is the direct, unchangeable word of God. “People of the Book” • Muslims profess faith in the same God as that worshiped by Jews and Christians • The Quran teaches that Islam is God’s final and complete revelation. • The Torah and Bible contain only partial revelation from God – Muslims, Jews and Christians are all “People of the Book” Way of Life • Islam is both religion and a way of Life • Sharia Law- Laws that developed out of the teachings of the Quran – Regulates moral conduct, family life, business practices, government, etc… – There is no difference between Civil and Criminal Law Way of Life • Impact on Women – Islam gave women spiritual equality – Rights give to men and women differ • Amount of inheritance given to a daughter is less than that given to a son • People in Byzantine lands and in Persia adopted the practice of veiling upper-class women and secluding them in a different part of the home – This practice can be seen by some today – NOT ALL WOMEN VEIL