Download Protons + Neutrons

The Atoms Family
Atoms are the smallest form of
elements
Matter
• Anything that has mass
and takes up space (has
volume)
• Made up of different
kinds of atoms
• Includes all things that
can be seen, tasted,
smelled, or touched
• Does not include heat,
sound, or light
In science, anything that has mass and takes up
space is called matter
Everything in the universe is made of matter
A really loooooong time ago, the Greeks
concluded that matter could be broken down
into particles too small to be seen.
They called these particles atoms
So, what’s an atom?
An atom is the smallest piece that matter can be
broken down to
Okay, but I’ve never seen an atom . . .
Where are they?
Atoms are EVERYWHERE!!
plants
hair
desks
boogers
CDs
Atoms are in . . .
chocolate
cheese
hot dogs
dirt
air
cars
And even underwear
What do atoms look like?
There is no "atomic microscope"
which would allow one to look
inside an atom and say, "Aha!
There's 7 blue protons, 6 white
neutrons, and 7 red electrons."
The way the structure of the atom
was devised was through a long
series of experiments
Scientists have developed models . . .
Models
• In the case of atoms, scientists use large
models to explain something that is very small
• Models of the atom were used to explain data
or facts that were gathered experimentally.
• So, these models are also theories
Early Models of the Atom
Democritus
• Universe was made of empty space and tiny bits of
stuff
• Called these tiny bits of stuff atomos
• Atoms could not be divided
Early Models of the Atom
Dalton
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All elements are composed of indivisible
particles.
Atoms of the same element are the same
Atoms of different elements are different.
Compounds consisted of atoms of
different elements combined together
Early Models of the Atom
Thompson
• Plum pudding model
• Atom made of a positively
charged material with the
negatively charged electrons
scattered through it.
Early Models of the Atom
Rutherford
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•
•
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Mostly empty space
Small, positive nucleus
Contained protons
Negative electrons
scattered around the
outside
Early Models of the Atom
Bohr
• Electrons move in
definite orbits around
the nucleus
• Solar system model
Modern Model of the Atom
The electron cloud
• Sometimes called the
wave model
• Spherical cloud of
varying density
• Varying density shows
where an electron is
more or less likely to be
Atomic Structure
• Electrons
– Size = Tiny, very light particles
– Charge = negative electrical charge (-)
– Location = Move around the outside of the
nucleus
– Number = Same as Protons (if atom is neutral)
– Purpose: Does the Work
• Bonding
• Chemical Reactions
Atomic Structure
• Protons
– Size = Much larger and heavier than electrons
– Charge = positive charge (+)
– Location = in nucleus of the atom
– Number = Same as Atomic Number
– Purpose: Keeps the electrons around
Atomic Structure
• Neutrons
– Size = Bigger than protons
– Charge = no electrical charge (0)
– Location = nucleus of the atom
– Number = Atomic Mass – Atomic Number
– Purpose: Keeps the protons together
Protons and Neutrons
Protons and neutrons are
responsible for most of the mass
of an atom.
Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus
of the atom
Elements
An element is any piece of matter that consists of
only one atom.
There are over 100 elements known to man
Each element has a name and a symbol
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VgVQKCcfwnU
SONG
Describing Atoms
Each element is identified by its atomic number
The atomic number tells how many protons
are in the nucleus and how many electrons
are in the shells
A neutral atom has the same amount of protons
and electrons.
The total number of protons and neutrons
in the nucleus is called the atomic mass number
The Atoms Family - Atomic Math
Challenge
Atomic Number
Symbol
Name
Atomic Mass
electrons
protons or _____________.
Atomic number equals the number of ____________
protons + _____________.
neutrons
Atomic mass equals the number of ___________
Atomic Math
To determine the amount of neutrons for each
element, subtract the atomic number from
the atomic mass number
How many protons does zinc
have? 30
How many electrons does zinc
have 30
How many neutrons does zinc
have? 35
Assignment: Finish the rest of the worksheet and turn it in to your
teacher.
Electrons
Electrons travel really fast around the nucleus in
electron orbits or shells
Only 2 electrons are located on the first shell, 8
can fit onto the second shell, 18 fit onto the third
shell, and 32 fit onto the fourth shell.
Bohr’s Model of the Atom
shell
neutron
proton
electron
Electron Cloud Model
proton
electron
cloud
Ions & Isotopes
• The number of protons for a given atom
never changes.
The # of electrons and neutrons can change.
Ions
• An atom that carries an electrical charge is called an ion
• Cation
– If the atom loses electrons, the atom becomes positively charged
(because the number of positively charged protons will be more
the number of electrons)
• Anion
– If an atom gains electrons, the atom becomes negatively charged
(more negative charges than positive charges)
Ions
Sodium has lost an electron.
Now it has one more proton
than electron.
One more proton means one
more positive charge.
This makes the total charge of
the atom POSITIVE.
Chlorine has gained an electron.
Now it has one less proton than
electron.
One less proton means one less
positive charge.
This makes the total charge of
the atom NEGATIVE.
Isotopes
• The number of protons for a given atom never
changes.
• The number of neutrons can change.
• Atoms with different numbers of neutrons are
called isotopes
Drawing Isotopes
How to Write an isotope
• Name of element – Mass Number (Protons + Neutrons)
 Hydrogen – 1 (has one particle in the nucleus
*the one particle in the nucleus is a proton
 Hydrogen – 2 (has 2 particles in the nucleus)
*Subtract the atomic number from the new atomic mass to get the
new number of neutrons)
 Hydrogen – 3 (has three particles in the nucleus)
*Only one particle is a proton, the others must be nutrons)
Bill Nye Atoms
• Study Jams Atoms: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nmGEhUlxn2M
• Brainpop:
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Atoms: https://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/atoms/
Isotopes: https://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/isotopes/
Ions: https://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/ions/
Atomic Model: https://www.brainpop.com/science/matterandchemistry/atomicmodel/
• Bill Nye Atoms:
https://www.schooltube.com/video/52bb23430c9c4e0ebb74/Bill%20Nye%20%20Atoms