Download Applications of PCR

Applications of PCR
• Detection of GMO crops
• A. tumefaciens is a bacteria commonly
found in the soil and is capable of
inserting its plasmid (Ti) into plants.
For this reason it is most often used for
hybridizing plant DNA for GMO
• A probe specifically designed to detect
the Ti plasmid is used to test plants and
food for GM intrusion.
• This is used to ensure that foods meet
governmental regulations.
• Conventional PCR will work, although
real time PCR is generally used to
quantify the amount of GM material
present
Applications of PCR
• Detection of pharming
Applications of
PCR - Forensics
• Different applications of
technology
• ABO typing…Fast but very
nonspecific
• Based only on blood type
• RFLP (repeat fragment length
polymorphism) analysis…Very
specific but also very time
consuming
• STR (short tandem repeat)
analysis by PCR…highly specific
& fast
1 in 3 billion
STR by PCR
• STRs are repeats of 2-6BPs that are
common within chromosomes.
They form patterns that are different
among people within populations.
• The specificity of the test directly
relates to the number of loci tested.
• by the time 3 loci are tested the
chance 2 individuals having the same
STR pattern is 1 in 262,144.
• STRs are the basis for the FBIs
national DNA base or CODIS. Uses
13 loci to profile an individual.
• The chance for an identical match
between 2 individuals is 1 in 575
trillion
Other uses of PCR
• Paternity testing
• Initially expensively performed using
RFLP analysis. Almost exclusively
performed with STR analysis now.
Only have to minimally test loci as
we are just determining inheritance
of loci.
Other uses of PCR
• Mitochondrial analysis
• Mitochondrial DNA is inherited
from the mother through the
egg. It is used to test ancestry
and evolutionary migration.
• STRs are also being used to
identify the remains of
endangered species illegally
obtained by poachers.