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JudaismintheDiocesanGuidelinesforRE Whatarethe‘bigideas’inJudaism? JewsbelieveinOneEternalGod,whoisthegiverofall lifeandhasapurposefortheworld.Jewsbelievethat theyaredescendantsofAbraham,chosenbyGodto showwhatheislike.JewstrytoliveaccordingtoGod’s lawsintheTorah,whichareunchangeable,butcanbe interpretedforthepresent.Torahreadingisan essentialpartofsynagogueworship,andwillbethe mostvaluableandsacredobjectinthesynagogue. Jewishworshipisalsocentredonthehome:oftenitwill belightingcandlesonFridaynightandwelcoming Shabbat.ForJewslifeitselfisareligiousceremony: livingaccordingtotheTorahandcarryingoutthe mitzvoth(commandments)areallaformofworship. BelongingisakeyconceptforJews,asbeingaJew makessomeonepartofacommunity&atraditionas wellasareligion.Therearemanyfestivalsduringthe Jewishyear,manyofwhicharebasedinhome-life. Throughthem,Jewskeeptheirhistoryaliveand rememberwhattheeventshavetaughtthemabout God. KS1OSU:Why doJewish families celebrate Hanukkah? InformationforKS1teachers WhatdoIneedtoknowaboutJudaism? Judaism is not just a religion, but can also be understood as a tradition and a cultural identity.SomeJewsmightidentifythemselvesasbelongingtothenationofIsrael,somemay practise Judaism as a religion and others choose to recognise their ‘Jewishness’ through the keeping of culturaltraditions,religiousorsecular.AccordingtoJewishlaw(Halakah),aJewisanyonewhosemotherisJewish, orhaschosentobecomeaJewbyconvertingtotheJewishreligion,regardlessofpersonalbeliefsorobservanceof Jewish laws. The Jewish people are very family-orientated, and this is reflected both in the celebration of weekly Shabbat,festivalsthroughouttheJewishyearandaproudtraditionofcaringinstitutions.Shabbatandfestivalsare celebratedbothinthehomeandinthesynagogue.Although(throughthepartoftheBiblethatChristianscallthe ‘OldTestament’)Christianitysharesmanystories(anditsroots)withJudaism,itisimportantthattheJewishreligion istaughtinitsownright:theNewTestamentisnotpartofJewishreligiousteaching. MuchofJewishhistoryisconnectedwiththestruggleofIsraelandtheiridentityasapeople.TheTorahdescribes thisearlyhistoryfromtheCreation,andcontainskeyeventssuchastheExodus(theescapefromslaveryinEgypt under the leadership of Moses), the building of a portable sanctuary in the desert, and the Tenakh tells of the establishment of the Temple in Jerusalem. The Temple was destroyed in 586 BCE, and the Jews were exiled to Babylonia.Re-settlementandtherebuildingoftheTemplecommencedabout70yearslater.In70CEtheRomans destroyedthesecondTemple,andovermanycenturiestheJewsweredispersedthroughouttheworld. Since 1948, the foundation of the State of Israel has provided a beacon of hope for a people nearly destroyed by the Nazis in Hitler's Germany. The Holocaust and the systematic murder of 6,000,000 Jewishmen,womenandchildrenisapermanentreminderoftheevilsofracism.HolocaustMemorial Dayhasbeenmarkedeveryyearfromtheyear2000,onJanuary27th,andnotonlycommemoratesthe WWIIHolocaustbutprovidesopportunityforremembranceofothergenocidessince.Moreinformation abouttheHolocaust,andtheHolocaustMemorialDaycanbefoundontheTrustwebsite:www.hmd.org.uk. WhatdoJewsbelieve? Key beliefs in Judaism are expressed in the shema, the first prayerintheTorah,whichisalsoadeclarationofwhatJews believe. It is the oldest prayer in Judaism and is recited by Sh'maYisra'eilAdonaiEloheinu Jews morning and night. The complete text of the shema Adonaiechad. comes from three places in the Torah: the book of Hear,OIsrael:TheLordisourGod, Deuteronomy (6:4-9 and 11:13-21) and the book of theLordisone. Numbers(15:37-41).Itistheshemathatisplacedinsidea mezuzah and nailed to the right-hand doorposts in Jewish homes as a reminder their faith and in obedience to the command to ‘…write them on the doorpostsofyourhouseandonyourgates.’(Deut.6:9)Anothercommandwithinthisportionof textgivesrisetothewearingoftefillin:‘youshallbindthemonyourhandandtheyshallbefor youareminderbetweenyoureyes.’ There are two main branches of Judaism, with some significant differences between different types of Jew: Orthodox and Progressive (also known as reform or liberal). OrthodoxJewsbelievethattheTorahcontainstheexactwordsofGod,andfollowthe rules laid out in the Torah very closely as outlined in the Talmud (oral Jewish laws, writtendown),whereasProgressiveJewsbelievethattheirreligionneedstomovewith thetimesandthatsomereligiouspracticesneedtobereformedtofitwiththemodern world. Jews believe their special relationship with God is expressed in the 613 Mitzvot (laws).Eachofthese613mitzvotcanbeplacedunderoneoftheTenCommandments,whichweregiventoMoses byGod(Exodus20),andwhichdefinelifeforaJewishperson.JewsalsobelievethatGod'sspecialrelationshipwith all humanity is expressed through obedience to the seven Noachide laws (Genesis 9), when, after the flood, God madeacovenantwithNoah,andthatthepurposeofJudaismistherepairoftheworld. The Tenakh is made up of three books; in fact, the word ‘TeNaKh’ is an acronym for the three different parts: ‘T’ for Torah, ‘N’ for Nev’im (the Prophets) and ‘K’ for Ketuvim (other sacred writings,includingstoriesfromJewishhistory,amongstthemthebooksofRuth,Job,Estherand thePsalms).TheTorah,whichistheHebrewwordfor‘teachings’,isthemostimportantportion forJews.TheTorahisthefirstfivebooksoftheTenakh(Genesis-Deuteronomy)andcontainsthe storyofGod’scovenantwithhispeoplefromthetimeofAbraham.ItisthroughAbrahamandhis descendantsthatGodwouldblessthenationsandshowthemwhatGodislike.TheTorah,whichwasrevealedby GodtoMosesonMt.Sinai,isthecentralcorefoundationofJewishlife,and setsoutpracticalrulesandguidance (includingtheTenCommandments)forallaspectsofdailyindividual,familyandcommunitylife.TheTorahiswritten inHebrew,whichisreadfromrighttoleft(NBnot‘backwards’!)Asofer,aJewishscribe,will hand-write the Torah on sections of parchment that are then stitched together to form a long scroll, which, if unrolled, would stretch the lengthofafootballpitch.ATorahscrollcostsinexcessof£25,000,will takeasoferaroundayeartocomplete:ifanymistakesaremadewhen writingGod’snameinthescroll,theTorahwillbegivenaburial,justlikeaperson.ATorahis themostpreciousobjectthatanysynagoguewillown,andisdressedupwhennotinuseina covercalledamantle,abreastplatebearingsymbolismrelatingtoancientJewishpriesthood andapairoffinials,‘theCrownoftheLaw’,calledrimmonim (pictured,left)whichsitoverthetop ofthehandleswhenthescrollisrolledup.‘Rimmonim’isHebrewforpomegranates,whichis animportantsymbolinJudaismastheyaresaidtocontain613seeds,oneforeverycommandment(ormitzvot)in theTorah.ThebellsthatareapartoftherimmonimprovideanauditorysignalthattheTorahisbeingtakenoutof thespecialcupboard,theArk,whereitiskeptinthesynagogueuntilitisread.OnShabbat,theTorahisprocessed outoftheArk,andportionsarereadaccordingtothepassageforthatweek,sothatitwillbereadcompletelyover time(ayearforOrthodoxJews,3yearsforReform).TheprocessionoftheTorahbacktotheArktakesthelongest route to involve the whole community. Simchat Torah is a joyful and noisy Jewish holiday at the end of Sukkot centredontheTorah,markingtheendoftheyearlycycleofsynagogueTorahreadings,duringwhichtheTorahis paraded/dancedaroundthesynagoguebeforethefinalversesofDeuteronomy,thenthefirstversesinGenesis,are read.AtSimchatTorah,itistraditionaltoeatfoodsthatarerolled,liketheTorah! ThenameofGod,YHWH (inHebrew,right) issoholythatitisonlypermissibletospeakitonce a year, on the Jewish Day of Atonement. The name ‘Adonai’ (Master) or ‘Lord’ is more frequentlyusedbyJews.ThenameYHWHmeans‘IAM’,whichiswhatGodtoldMoseswhen herevealedHimselfintheburningbush,andspeaksofHiseternalnature.Whenwrittenintranslation,vowelsare oftenomitted,asHebrewdoesn’thaveany,soyoumightsee‘G_d’(whichisnotaname)or‘L_RD’(alwayswritten incapitals).JewsbelievethatGodisOneandthatHeistheCreatoroftheworldwhocaresforallHisCreation.Much ofGod’scharacterisrevealedbythetitlesheisgiveninthebooksoftheTenakh,suchasElohim(Authority),Shaddai (Almighty),Elyon(MostHigh)andAvinu(ourFather). Abraham:JewsbelievetheyaredescendantsofAbraham,whoabandonedthe Iwillmakeyouagreatnation, polytheisticidol-worshipofhisancestorstofollowtheOneEternalGod,leaving andIwillblessyou;Iwillmake his home in Ur and becoming a nomad. God’s covenant promise to Abraham yournamegreat,andyouwill beablessing.Iwillblessthose describeshowAbrahamwillhavemanydescendants,whichwasbroughtabout whoblessyou,andwhoever through the birth of his son, Isaac, and by Abraham’s faithfulness to God as cursesyouIwillcurse;andall demonstrated in the story of the sacrifice of Isaac in Genesis 22. Through thepeoplesoftheearthwillbe Abraham’ssonIsaac,theprophetandleaderoftheJewishpeople,Moses,was blessedthroughyou. born. Genesis12:1-3 WhyshouldJews‘remember’? The command to ‘remember’ is given many times throughout the Torah, and indeed, the datingoftheJewishcalendarisconnectedwiththeimportanceofrememberinghowthe world began, as the date represents the number of years since the creation, currently (in 2016),5776.ManyJews(frombothbranchesofJudaism)wouldsuggestthatthe‘days’inthecreationaccountare not24hourperiods,buttimeperiods:othersmightsaythatthesixdaysareliteral.Throughouttheirhistory,God gave his people the command to ‘remember’: in the Ten Commandments, Jews are told to remember how they wereslaves,andtheweeklycelebrationofShabbator‘Sabbath’,theJewishdayofrest,isareminderthatonlyfree people can choose to rest in this way. Many other Jewish festivals and celebrations are marked because of the commandto‘remember’. Awindowon…..Shabbat,the‘DayofDelight’ Aftercreatingtheworld,Godrestedontheseventhday,astheaccountinthe book of Genesis relates. For Jews, celebrating Shabbat is a reminder of this, but also a direct command within the Ten Commandments. Shabbat starts on Friday at Rememberthatyouwereslavesin EgyptandthattheLordyourGod broughtyououtoftherewitha mightyhandandanoutstretched arm.ThereforetheLordyourGod hascommandedyoutoobservethe Sabbathday. sunset,(allJewish‘days’runfromsunsettosunset)andallchoresmustbecompleted beforetheninorderforthegiftofthedayofresttobegin.Jewishfamilieswillgather in their homes and share a meal together, during which the symbolic lighting and blessing of two candles takes place and they share wine and two special, plaited loaves called challah. There are two as a reminder that Shabbat is no ordinary day, Deuteronomy5:15 butalsorelatingbacktotheexodusfromEgyptandmannainthedesert,whenGod wouldprovidethemwithdoubleportionsonShabbat.Thismealisaleisurelyaffair,a markedcontrasttothebusy-nessoflifeonotherdays.JewishfamiliesoftenattendsynagogueonSaturday,usingan orderofservicesetoutintheJewishprayerbook,calledthesiddur.Backinthehome,asduskfalls,thereisanother symbolic ceremony, called havdalah, marking the end of Shabbat. Havdalah means ‘separation’ and involves the lighting of a plaited candle with 6 wicks and smelling sweet spices: both symbolising the hope that the sweetness andlightofShabbatwilllastthroughthecomingweek. TheoptionalstudyunitatKS1focusesonthecelebrationofHanukkah,whichlastsfor8daysand takesplaceinthedarkwintermonths.Asafestivalofremembrance,itiscommonforchildrento receivepresentseachnightandforfamiliestolightcandlesonan8branched candelabra called a hanukiah, with one more candle beinglitoneachnightsothatitisfullyilluminatedbythefinalnight ofthefestival.Thedreidelgame (pictured,left) islinkedtothestoryofthe miracle of the oil – ‘a great miracle happened there’ – which is found in the Books of the Maccabees, not in the Torah, and is a traditional part of this Jewish celebration.VersionsofthestorycanbefoundintheResourcessectionbelow. Usefulweb-basedresourcesforteachersandclassrooms: • • • • • • • • • • • • www.reonline.org.ukGreatforbackgroundknowledge,withlotsoflinkstoclassroomresourcesviaasearchtool.Usethe ‘Knowing’tabtofindoutwhatyouwanttoknow,ortryhere:www.reonline.org.uk/knowing/what-re/judaism/ REOnlinealsohavesomelessonideas(searchfor‘REBanquet’),butensureyoumatchtotheDiocesanCoreKnowledge objectives. Thereisalsoplentyofinformationforteachersathttp://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/judaism/andtheJewishWayof Liferesourceshttp://www.reonline.org.uk/specials/jwol/containsmaterialsforteachersandpupils.ItfeaturestwoJewish children,SarahandDavid,whotellusallabouttheirfaiththroughamixofphotos,soundandwords. TwosacredstoriesfromJudaism(oneofthemisHanukkah)featureontheBritishLibrarywebsite: www.bl.uk/learning/cult/sacred/stories/Anotherusefulversionforteacherscanbefoundat: http://www.history.com/topics/holidays/hanukkah ChildsEyemediasellgreatDVDssupportinglearningaboutfestivals,oneofwhichfocusesonHanukkah.Theyareverywell filmed,andincludemanydifferentaspectsofreligiouslifeinBritain.EachDVDalsohasadaptableandcreativeresource materials.Theseareavailablefororderfrom:http://www.childseyemedia.com/festivals-p-195.html MyLife,MyReligion’canbefoundasindividualclips,andascompleteprogrammesat http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b05pc1c9AlthoughtheseprogrammesareaimedatKS2pupils,manywouldbe suitableforKS1,withsometeacherinput.ThereareplentyofclipsaboutJudaismonthissitethatwouldbesuitableto supporttheDiocesanunits,notably‘Shabbat’,‘Torah’and‘Chanukah’. TherearealsoclipsyoucanviewonlinefromthePathwaysofBelief(http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/clips/zyxn34j)and PlacesforWorshipDVDsets,suchasShabbat:http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/clips/zyxn34j ThereisacompleteglossaryofJewishtermsavailableontheDiocesanwebsite: http://www.cofeguildford.org.uk/education/our-school-services/re/new-guidelines/materials-for-re-subject-leadersScroll downtofindtheglossary! ‘SammySpider’sFirstShabbat’(ISBN:978-1-58013-006-6)and‘SammySpider’sFirstHanukkah’(ISBN:9780929371467) arelovelyKS1-friendlypicturebooksaboutaspiderwholivesinaJewishhousehold RETodayhavepublishedsupportmaterialsforteachingJudaism:‘OpeningupJudaism’, http://shop.retoday.org.uk/9781905893553 Forteachersubjectknowledge,the‘ReligionstoInspiRE’seriesofKS3teacherandpupilhandbookscomehighly recommended.Whilsttheteacherhandbook(at£65,veryexpensive!)dealswithteachingJudaismtoKS3-agedpupils,the pupilbooksareveryusefulfor‘readingup’onareligion,andmorereasonablypriced,at£11.99.TheISBNnumberforthe Judaismpupilversionis:978-1-444-12224-4. PhotopacksandbookstosupportteachingaboutJudaismcanbefoundinandborrowedfromtheResourcesCentre. ThetwocompulsoryJudaismunitsatKS1explorekeyJewishbeliefsabouttheTorahanditsimportanceinJewishlifeandthegift oftheSabbathtoJews.TheywillbebuiltoninKS2bytwounits:onefocussingonothersignificantfestivalswithinJudaismand howtheyhelptocreateasenseofJewishidentity;theotheronhowthelayoutanduseofasynagogueasaplaceofprayer,study andcommunityhelpsusunderstandwhatJewsbelieve.Thereisalsoanoptionalstudyunit‘WhatdoesitmeantobeaJew?’It’s vitalthatthecontentwithintheseunitsisnotexploredatKS1aswell!YoucanviewthemontheDiocesanwebsite.