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Transcript
Name: _______________________________ Date: ___________ Physics Test Review: Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation and Circular Motion Base your questions to number 1-3 on the diagram and At the moment shown in the diagram, what are the information below correct directions of both the velocity and centripetal acceleration of the ball? The diagram shows a 2.0-kilogram model airplane attached to a wire. The airplane is flying clockwise in a horizontal circle of radius 20. meters at 30. meters per second. a. b. c. d. 1. The centripetal force acting on the airplane at the position shown is directed toward point a. A c. C b. B d. D 2. What is the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the airplane? a. 0 m/s2 b. 1.5 m/s2 c. 45 m/s2 d. 90. m/s2 3. If the wire breaks when the airplane is at the position shown, the airplane will move toward point a. A c. C b. B d. D 4. A motorcycle travels around a flat circular track. If the speed of the motorcycle is increased, the force required to keep it in the same circular path a. Decreases b. Increases c. Remains the same 6. A 3.0-kilogram mass is traveling in a circle of 0.20meter radius with a speed of 2.0 meters per second. What is the centripetal acceleration? a. 10. m/s2 b. 20. m/s2 c. 60. m/s2 d. 6.0 m/s2 7. A car going around a curve is acted upon by a centripetal force, F. If the speed of the car were twice as great, the centripetal force necessary to keep it moving in the same path would be a. F c. F/2 b. 2F d. 4F Base your answers to questions 8-11 on the diagram and information below. The diagram shows an object with a mass of 1.0 kg attached to a string 0.50 meter long. The object is moving at a constant speed of 5.0 meters per second in a horizontal circular path with center at point O. 5. The diagram below shows a ball undergoing uniform circular motion as it travels clockwise on a string. 8. What is the magnitude of the centripetal force acting on the object? a. 2.5 N b. 10. N c. 25 N d. 50. N 9. While the object is undergoing uniform circular motion, its acceleration a. has a magnitude of zero b. increases in magnitude c. is directed toward the center of the circle d. is directed away from the center of the circle Base your answers to questions 14-15 on the information and diagram below. A vehicle travels at a constant speed of 6.0 meters per second around a horizontal circular curve with a radius of 24 meters. The mass of the vehicle is 4.4 × 103 kilograms. An icy patch is located at P on the curve. 10. If the string is cut when the object is at the position shown, the path the object will travel from this position will be a. toward the center of the circle b. a curve away from the circle c. a straight line tangent to the circle 11. If the string is lengthened while the speed of the object remains constant, the centripetal acceleration of the object will a. Decrease b. Increase c. Remain the same 12. An object with a mass of 0.5 kilogram is swung by a string in a horizontal circle of radius 1 meter at a speed of 2 meters per second. The magnitude of the force on the mass is a. 1 N b. 2 N c. 0.5 N d. 4 N 13. Two masses, A and B, move in circular paths as shown in the diagram. 14. What is the magnitude of the frictional force that keeps the vehicle on its circular path? a. 1.1x103 N b. 6.6x103 N c. 4.3x104 N d. 6.5x104 N 15. On the icy patch of pavement, the frictional force of the vehicle is zero. Which arrow best represents the direction of the vehicle's velocity when it reaches icy patch P? a. b. c. d. The centripetal acceleration of mass A, compared to that of mass B, is a. The same b. Twice as great c. One-half as great d. Four times as great Base your answers to questions 16-17 on the information and diagram below. A 60.-kilogram adult and 30.-kilogram child are passengers on a rotor ride at an amusement park. When the rotating hollow cylinder reaches a certain constant speed, v, the floor moves downward. Both passengers stay "pinned" against the wall of the rotor, as shown in the diagram. 16. The magnitude of the frictional force between the adult and the wall of the spinning rotor is F. What is the magnitude of the frictional force between the child and the wall of the spinning rotor? a. F c. ½F b. 2F d. ¼ F 17. Compared to the magnitude of the acceleration of the adult, the magnitude of the acceleration of the child is a. Less b. Greater c. The same Base your answers to questions 18-20 on the information and diagram below. A 4.0-kilogram model airplane travels in a horizontal circular path of radius 12 meters at a constant speed of 6.0 meters per second. 18. At the position shown, what is the direction of the net force acting on the airplane? a. North c. East b. South d. West 19. What is the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the airplane? a. 0.50 m/s2 b. 2.0 m/s2 c. 3.0 m/s2 d. 12 m/s2 20. If the speed of the airplane is doubled and the radius of the path remains unchanged, the magnitude of the centripetal force acting on the airplane will be a. Half as much b. Twice as much c. One-fourth as much d. Four times as much 21. When a satellite is at a distance d from the center of the Earth, the force due to gravity on the satellite is F. What would the force due to gravity on the satellite be when its distance from the center of the Earth is 3d? a. F c. F/3 b. F/9 d. 9F 22. What is the gravitational force of attraction between a planet and a 17-kilogram mass that is falling freely toward the surface of the planet at 8.8 meters per second squared? a. 150 N b. 8.8 N c. 1.9 N d. 0.52 N 23. If the Earth were twice as massive as it is now, then the gravitational force between it and the Sun would be a. The same b. Twice as great c. Half as great d. Four times as great 24. Two point masses are located a distance, D, apart. The gravitational force of attraction between them can be quadrupled by changing the distance to a. D/2 c. D/4 b. 2D d. 4D 25. Which graph best represents the relationship between the masses of different objects and the gravitational force acting on them near the Earth's surface? a. c. b. d. 26. Gravitational force of attraction F exists between two point masses A and B when they are separated by a fixed distance. After mass A is tripled and mass B is halved, the gravitational attraction between the two masses is a. 1/6 F c. 3/2 F b. 2/3 F d. 6F 27. The diagram shows spheres A and B with masses of M and 3M, respectively. If the gravitational force of attraction of sphere A on sphere B is 2 newtons, then the gravitational force of attraction of sphere B on sphere A is a. 9N c. 3 N b. 2 N d. 4 N 28. The magnitude of the gravitational force between two objects is 20. newtons. If the mass of each object were doubled, the magnitude of the gravitational force between the objects would be a. 5.0 N c. 20. N b. 10. N d. 80. N 29. The magnitude of the gravitational force of attraction between Earth and the Moon is approximately a. 2.1x1020 N b. 6.0x1024 N c. 6.7x10-11 N d. 7.8x1028 N 30. What is the magnitude of the gravitational force between an electron and a proton separated by a distance of 1.0 × 10-10 meter? a. 1.0x10-47 N b. 1.5x10-46 N c. 1.0x10-37 N d. 1.5x10-36 N 31. The gravitational force of attraction between two objects would be increased by a. doubling the mass of both objects, only b. doubling the distance between the objects, only c. doubling the mass of both objects and doubling the distance between the objects d. doubling the mass of one object and doubling the distance between the objects 32. The centers of two 15.0-kilogram spheres are separated by 3.00 meters. The magnitude of the gravitational force between the two spheres is approximately a. 1.11x10-10 N b. 3.34x10-10 N c. 1.67x10-9 N d. 5.00x10-9 N 33. The graph below represents the relationship between gravitational force and mass for objects near the surface of Earth. The slope of the graph represents the a. acceleration due to gravity b. universal gravitational constant c. momentum of objects d. weight of objects 34. The gravitational force of attraction between Earth and the Sun is 3.52 × 1022 newtons. Use this information to calculate the mass of the Sun. 35. The diagram represents two satellites of equal mass, A and B, in circular orbits around a planet. Compared to the magnitude of the gravitational force of attraction between satellite A and the planet, the magnitude of the gravitational force of attraction between satellite B and the planet is a. Half as great b. Twice as great c. One-fourth as great d. Four times as great Base your answers to questions 36-37 on the information below. Io (pronounced “EYE oh”) is one of Jupiter’s moons discovered by Galileo. Io is slightly larger than Earth’s Moon. The mass of Io is 8.93 × 1022 kilograms and the mass of Jupiter is 1.90 × 1027 kilograms. The distance between the centers of Io and Jupiter is 4.22 × 108 meters. 36. Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational force of attraction that Jupiter exerts on Io. a. Fg = 5.35x1020 N b. Fg = 6.35x1022 N c. Fg = 6.35x10-22 N d. Fg = 6.24x102 N 37. Calculate the magnitude of the acceleration of Io due to the gravitational force exerted by Jupiter. a. a = 7.12 m/s2 b. a = 0.0712 m/s2 c. a = 0.712 m/s2 d. a = 0.00712 m/s2 38. Which diagram best represents the gravitational forces, Fg, between a satellite, S, and Earth? a. c. b. d. 39. When Earth and the Moon are separated by a distance of 3.84 × 108 meters, the magnitude of the gravitational force of attraction between them is 2.0 × 1020 newtons. What would be the magnitude of this gravitational force of attraction if Earth and the Moon were separated by a distance of 1.92 × 108 meters? a. 5.0x1019 N b. 2.0x1020 N c. 4.0x1020 N d. 8.0x1020 N 40. A space probe is launched into space from Earth’s surface. Which graph represents the relationship between the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted on Earth by the space probe and the distance between the space probe and the center of Earth? a. c. b. d. Answer Key 1. C 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. A 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. C 10. C 11. A 12. B 13. B 14. B 15. D 16. C 17. C 18. C 19. C 20. D 21. B 22. A 23. B 24. A 25. D 26. C 27. B 28. D 29. A 30. A 31. A 32. C 33. A 34. 1.99 35. C 36. B 37. C 38. C 39. D 40. B