Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Coronary artery disease wikipedia , lookup
Myocardial infarction wikipedia , lookup
Lutembacher's syndrome wikipedia , lookup
Quantium Medical Cardiac Output wikipedia , lookup
Antihypertensive drug wikipedia , lookup
Jatene procedure wikipedia , lookup
Dextro-Transposition of the great arteries wikipedia , lookup
3rd Year Science Higher Level David Lewis The Heart No part of this publication may be copied, reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without prior written permission from The Dublin School of Grinds. Ref: 3/sci/h/dl/ TheHeart 6-HOUR CRASH COURSES MAY & JUNE 2016 %01.! čƫ+*+)%/ƫ0!$!.ƫ¨*8*ƫ1. +' The final push for CAO points... $!ƫ 1(%*ƫ $++(ƫ +"ƫ .%* /ƫ %/ƫ .1**%*#ƫ ćġ$+1.ƫ ./$ƫ +1./!/ƫ 0ƫ 0$!ƫ !* ƫ +"ƫ 5ƫ * ƫ 0$!ƫ !#%**%*#ƫ +"ƫ 1*!ċƫ $!/!ƫ +1./!/ƫ #%2!ƫ /01 !*0/ƫ 0$!ƫ !/0ƫ ,+//%(!ƫ 2*0#!ƫ /ƫ 0$!5ƫ ,.!,.!ƫ "+.ƫ 0$!ƫ ((ġ%),+.0*0ƫ 00!ƫ 4)%*0%+*/ċƫ *!ƫ (/0ƫ +1*!ƫ +"ƫ !""+.0ƫ +1( ƫ )'!ƫ ((ƫ 0$!ƫ %""!.!*!ċ !.!ƫ%/ƫ$+3ƫ0$!/!ƫ+1./!/ƫ3%((ƫ !*!"%0ƫ5+1č • They will offer students one last opportunity to avail of expert teaching before the State Examinations • They will provide students with a final boost of confidence before exam day • They will give students an exam strategy plan to help them maximise their grade on the day +0!: At these courses our teachers will predict what questions are most likely to appear on your exam paper. These questions will be covered in detail and our teachers will provide you with model A1 answers. čƫĺāćĀƫƫ To book, call us on 01ġ442 4442 or book online at www.dublinschoolofgrinds.ie ./$ƫ+1./!s Timetable 6th Year Subject Date Time Accounting Level H Sunday 29th May 9am - 3pm Biology H Saturday 28th May 9am - 3pm Business H Sunday 29th May 2pm - 8pm Chemistry H Saturday 4th June 9am - 3pm Economics H Saturday 28th May 9am - 3pm English H Sunday 29th May 9am - 3pm English H Saturday 4th June 9am - 3pm French H Saturday 4th June 9am - 3pm Geography H Saturday 28th May 9am - 3pm Irish H Saturday 4th June 9am - 3pm Maths Paper 1 H Saturday 4th June 9am - 3pm Maths Paper 2 H Sunday 5th June 9am - 3pm Maths O Saturday 28th May 9am - 3pm Maths O Saturday 4th June 9am - 3pm Physics H Saturday 28th May 9am - 3pm Spanish H Sunday 5th June 9am - 3pm Date Time 3rd Year Subject Level Business Studies H Sunday 5th June 9am - 3pm English H Sunday 5th June 9am - 3pm French H Sunday 29th May 9am - 3pm Irish H Sunday 29th May 9am - 3pm Maths H Sunday 29th May 9am - 3pm Science H Saturday 4th June 9am - 3pm H = Higher O = Ordinary (!/!ƫ*+0!ƫ0$0ƫ((ƫ+1./!/ƫ3%((ƫ0'!ƫ,(!ƫ0ƫ +1.ƫ!.*%*#ƫ!*0.!ƫ0ƫ$!ƫ.%).5ƫ$++(ƫ%*ƫ 0(* /Čƫ0%((+.#*Čƫ+ċƫ1(%*ċ Contents: Blood Components …………………………………………………………………………………………3 Types of Blood Vessels…………………………………………………………………………………….4 Features of Arteries, Veins and Capillaries ………………………………………….…………...5 Structure of the Heart ……………………………………………………………………………………..6 Blood Circuits…………………………………………………………………………………………………7 Pulse Rate ………………………………………………………………………………………………………8 To investigate the effect of exercise on the pulse rate of a human……………………...9 The Importance of Exercise…………………………………………………………………………...10 Exam Questions ……………………………………………………………………………………………11 ©The Dublin School of Grinds 2 David Lewis Components of blood: • • • • Plasma Red blood cells White blood cells Platelets What is plasma? • • Liquid part of the blood Pale yellow in colour. Function: • • Transports chemicals (glucose, vitamins, salts) and heat around the body. Body temperature is 37oC ©The Dublin School of Grinds 3 David Lewis What are red blood cells? • • Red blood cells are made in the bone marrow. Contain a red dye called haemoglobin (haemoglobin needs iron) Function: • Transport oxygen around the body. What are white blood cells? • • White blood cells are made in the bone marrow. White blood cells produce antibodies. Function: • White blood cells fight infection. What are platelets? • Platelets are made in bone marrow. Function: • • Platelets help to form blood clots. Platelets prevent micro organisms from entering the body. • Arteries • Veins • Capillaries ©The Dublin School of Grinds Type of blood vessels: 4 David Lewis Features of an artery: • Arteries carry blood away from the heart. • Blood in the artery is under high pressure. • Arteries have thick walls to withstand the higher pressure. Features of a vein: • Veins carry blood to the heart. • Blood pressure is low in the heart. • They have thin walls. • Veins have valves to prevent the back flow of blood. Features of capillaries: • Capillaries are tiny vessels. • Connect arteries to veins. • Capillaries are thin which allows materials to pass in and out of the blood. ©The Dublin School of Grinds 5 David Lewis Structure of the Heart Blood flow through the heart: 1) Blood from all over the body enters the right atrium of the heart though the vena cava (deoxygenated - low levels of oxygen). 2) Right atrium contracts pumping the blood into the right ventricle. 3) Right ventricle contracts pumping blood out through the pulmonary artery to the lungs. 4) Blood gains oxygen at the lungs and loses carbon dioxide. 5) The now oxygenated blood (high levels of oxygen) enters the left atrium through the pulmonary vein. ©The Dublin School of Grinds 6 David Lewis 6) Left atrium contracts pumping the blood in left ventricle. 7) The left ventricle now contracts pumping the blood out through the Aorta and all around the body to the cells. What are the two blood circuits in humans? In the lung circuit, blood flows from the heart to the lungs and back to the heart again. In the longer circuit, blood flows from the heart to the body and back to the heart again. ©The Dublin School of Grinds 7 David Lewis Why does the left ventricle have a much thicker muscular wall than the right ventricle? • The right ventricle pumps blood only a short distance to the lungs so it has a thin muscular wall. • The left ventricle pumps blood all over the body so it has a much thicker muscular wall. Facts on the pulse rate: • The average pulse rate is 70 times per minute. Pulse rate = • Rate of heartbeat A pulse is a wave of pressure caused by blood being pumped through the arteries. Where is the best place to get your pulse? • • Wrist Neck Question: Is person 1 or person 2 the fittest? Explain your answer. ©The Dublin School of Grinds 8 David Lewis To investigate the effect of exercise on the pulse rate of a human Method 1) Locate a strong pulse in your neck of wrist 2) Count the number of pulses per minute at rest five times to find an average (Control) 3) Walk slowly for 5 minutes and count your pulse a number of times until it returns to normal. 4) Exercise strenuously for 2 minutes and count your pulse rate per minute. Repeat this every minute for 6 minutes. Results Pulse per minute at rest Person 1 54 56 54 56 55 Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Average Person 2 78 80 79 78 78 Pulse per minute after exercise 1st minute 2nd minute 3rd minute 4th minute 5th minute 6th minute Person 1 70 62 58 56 55 55 Person 2 98 90 86 83 80 78 Conclusion: Person 1 is a fitter person as they have a lower heartbeat and their heartbeat returns to normal faster after exercise. ©The Dublin School of Grinds 9 David Lewis What is the importance of exercise? • Exercise causes the heart to contract more strongly. • Exercise increases the strength of the heart. • Exercise helps to reduce weight which lowers the demand for oxygen in the body. What is heart disease? • Mainly caused by small arteries that supply the muscle of heart with blood becoming clogged with fat. Reducing risk of heart disease: • • • Exercising regularly Not smoking Eating a healthy diet ©The Dublin School of Grinds 10 David Lewis 1) Exam Questions 2) ©The Dublin School of Grinds 11 David Lewis 3) ©The Dublin School of Grinds 12 David Lewis 4) 5) ©The Dublin School of Grinds 13 David Lewis David Lewis 3rd Year Science Higher Level David Lewis is the specialist Junior Certificate Science teacher at The Dublin School of Grinds. David’s in-depth knowledge of the syllabus and its marking scheme characterise his expert level of teaching. His forensic analysis of each years’ exam paper has provided him with an expert understanding and armoury of likely and probable Junior Certificate exam questions. David’s ability to relate to the Junior Certificate students compliments his profound understanding of the course. OUR EXPERT TEACHERS Rory Crean 3rd Year Science Higher Level Rory Crean is the specialist Junior Certificate Science teacher at The Dublin School of Grinds. Rory is head of the Junior Certificate Science Department for one reason, his expert understanding of the marking scheme. Rory’s indepth knowledge of the syllabus and it’s marking scheme characterise his expert level of teaching. His forensic analysis of each years’ exam paper has provided him with an expert understanding and armoury of likely and probable Junior Certificate exam questions. Rory’s ability to relate to the Junior Certificate students compliments his profound understanding of the course. OUR EXPERT TEACHERS