Download The Heart - The Dublin School of Grinds

3rd Year
Science
Higher Level
David Lewis
The Heart
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Ref: 3/sci/h/dl/ TheHeart
6-HOUR
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The final push for CAO points...
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• They will offer students one last opportunity to
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Contents:
Blood Components …………………………………………………………………………………………3
Types of Blood Vessels…………………………………………………………………………………….4
Features of Arteries, Veins and Capillaries ………………………………………….…………...5
Structure of the Heart ……………………………………………………………………………………..6
Blood Circuits…………………………………………………………………………………………………7
Pulse Rate ………………………………………………………………………………………………………8
To investigate the effect of exercise on the pulse rate of a human……………………...9
The Importance of Exercise…………………………………………………………………………...10
Exam Questions ……………………………………………………………………………………………11
©The Dublin School of Grinds
2
David Lewis
Components of blood:
•
•
•
•
Plasma
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
What is plasma?
•
•
Liquid part of the blood
Pale yellow in colour.
Function:
•
•
Transports chemicals (glucose, vitamins, salts) and heat around the body.
Body temperature is 37oC
©The Dublin School of Grinds
3
David Lewis
What are red blood cells?
•
•
Red blood cells are made in the bone marrow.
Contain a red dye called haemoglobin (haemoglobin needs iron)
Function:
•
Transport oxygen around the body.
What are white blood cells?
•
•
White blood cells are made in the bone marrow.
White blood cells produce antibodies.
Function:
•
White blood cells fight infection.
What are platelets?
•
Platelets are made in bone marrow.
Function:
•
•
Platelets help to form blood clots.
Platelets prevent micro organisms from entering the body.
•
Arteries
•
Veins
•
Capillaries
©The Dublin School of Grinds
Type of blood vessels:
4
David Lewis
Features of an artery:
•
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
•
Blood in the artery is under high pressure.
•
Arteries have thick walls to withstand the higher pressure.
Features of a vein:
•
Veins carry blood to the heart.
•
Blood pressure is low in the heart.
•
They have thin walls.
•
Veins have valves to prevent the back flow of blood.
Features of capillaries:
•
Capillaries are tiny vessels.
•
Connect arteries to veins.
•
Capillaries are thin which allows materials to pass in and out of the blood.
©The Dublin School of Grinds
5
David Lewis
Structure of the Heart
Blood flow through the heart:
1) Blood from all over the body enters the right atrium of the heart though
the vena cava (deoxygenated - low levels of oxygen).
2) Right atrium contracts pumping the blood into the right ventricle.
3) Right ventricle contracts pumping blood out through the pulmonary
artery to the lungs.
4) Blood gains oxygen at the lungs and loses carbon dioxide.
5) The now oxygenated blood (high levels of oxygen) enters the left atrium
through the pulmonary vein.
©The Dublin School of Grinds
6
David Lewis
6) Left atrium contracts pumping the blood in left ventricle.
7) The left ventricle now contracts pumping the blood out through the Aorta
and all around the body to the cells.
What are the two blood circuits in humans?
In the lung circuit, blood flows from the heart to the lungs and back to the
heart again.
In the longer circuit, blood flows from the heart to the body and back to the
heart again.
©The Dublin School of Grinds
7
David Lewis
Why does the left ventricle have a much thicker muscular wall than the
right ventricle?
•
The right ventricle pumps blood only a short distance to the lungs so it
has a thin muscular wall.
•
The left ventricle pumps blood all over the body so it has a much thicker
muscular wall.
Facts on the pulse rate:
•
The average pulse rate is 70 times per minute.
Pulse rate =
•
Rate of heartbeat
A pulse is a wave of pressure caused by blood being pumped through the
arteries.
Where is the best place to get your pulse?
•
•
Wrist
Neck
Question:
Is person 1 or person 2 the fittest? Explain your answer.
©The Dublin School of Grinds
8
David Lewis
To investigate the effect of exercise on the pulse rate of a human
Method
1) Locate a strong pulse in your neck of wrist
2) Count the number of pulses per minute at rest five times to find an
average (Control)
3) Walk slowly for 5 minutes and count your pulse a number of times until it
returns to normal.
4) Exercise strenuously for 2 minutes and count your pulse rate per minute.
Repeat this every minute for 6 minutes.
Results
Pulse per minute at rest
Person 1
54
56
54
56
55
Trial 1
Trial 2
Trial 3
Trial 4
Average
Person 2
78
80
79
78
78
Pulse per minute after exercise
1st minute
2nd minute
3rd minute
4th minute
5th minute
6th minute
Person 1
70
62
58
56
55
55
Person 2
98
90
86
83
80
78
Conclusion:

Person 1 is a fitter person as they have a lower heartbeat and their
heartbeat returns to normal faster after exercise.
©The Dublin School of Grinds
9
David Lewis
What is the importance of exercise?
•
Exercise causes the heart to contract more strongly.
•
Exercise increases the strength of the heart.
•
Exercise helps to reduce weight which lowers the demand for oxygen in
the body.
What is heart disease?
•
Mainly caused by small arteries that supply the muscle of heart with
blood becoming clogged with fat.
Reducing risk of heart disease:
•
•
•
Exercising regularly
Not smoking
Eating a healthy diet
©The Dublin School of Grinds
10
David Lewis
1)
Exam Questions
2)
©The Dublin School of Grinds
11
David Lewis
3)
©The Dublin School of Grinds
12
David Lewis
4)
5)
©The Dublin School of Grinds
13
David Lewis
David Lewis
3rd Year Science Higher Level
David Lewis is the specialist Junior Certificate
Science teacher at The Dublin School of Grinds.
David’s in-depth knowledge of the syllabus and its
marking scheme characterise his expert level of
teaching.
His forensic analysis of each years’ exam paper has
provided him with an expert understanding and
armoury of likely and probable Junior Certificate
exam questions. David’s ability to relate to the
Junior Certificate students compliments his
profound understanding of the course.
OUR EXPERT TEACHERS
Rory Crean
3rd Year Science Higher Level
Rory Crean is the specialist Junior Certificate Science
teacher at The Dublin School of Grinds. Rory is head of the
Junior Certificate Science Department for one reason, his
expert understanding of the marking scheme. Rory’s
indepth knowledge of the syllabus and it’s marking
scheme characterise his expert level of teaching.
His forensic analysis of each years’ exam paper has
provided him with an expert understanding and armoury
of likely and probable Junior Certificate exam questions.
Rory’s ability to relate to the Junior Certificate students
compliments his profound understanding of the course.
OUR EXPERT TEACHERS