Download Body Organizations

Body Organizations Flashcards
1. What are the two main regions of the
body?
1. Axial Region (Goes down midline of the
body)
2. Appendicular Region (limbs)
2. What three structures are in the Axial
Region?
3. Axial Region (Goes down midline of the
body)
a) Head
b) Neck
c) Trunk (has 3 parts)
3. What are the three parts of the Trunk (Axial
Region)? What organs does each part
contain?
1) Thorax (chest area). Above diaphragm.
Contains heart and lungs.
2) Abdomen (not called the stomach!). Contains
the digestive organs
3) Pelvis (covered by the G-String) Contains
urinary and reproductive organs
4. What makes up the Upper Limbs of the
Appendicular Region?
5. What is the term for the thumb?
6. What is the term for the arm?
7. What is the term for the area where blood
is drawn? In what body region is it found?
8. What makes up the Lower Limbs of the
Appendicular Region?
9. What is the term for the big toe?
10. What is the term for the area behind the
knee?
11. What bone contains the area behind the
knee?
Appendicular Region - limbs
a) Upper Limbs
1) Axilla (armpit)
2) Arm (shoulder to elbow)
3) Forearm (elbow to wrist). Don’t
confuse with arm!
4) Wrist
5) Hand: 4 fingers with 3 phalanges each;
thumb with 2 phalanges
Pollex
Brachium
Antecubital fossa; it is in the brachium
Lower Limbs
1) Thigh
(hip to knee). Don’t confuse with leg!
2) Leg (knee to ankle)
3) Ankle
4) Foot: 5 digits; big toe is the hallux
Hallux
Popliteal fossa
The back of the femur
Body Organizations Flashcards
12. What describes ANATOMICAL
POSITION?
ANATOMICAL POSITION:
 The person is standing up straight

The palms face anteriorly

The knees, elbow, and neck are
straight (not bent)

The toes point anteriorly, but the
fingers point inferiorly
13. If a person starts in anatomical position
and then pronates their hands 90
degrees, which way do the palms face?
14. If a person starts in anatomical position
and then pronates their hands 180
degrees, which way do the palms face?
They face each other
15. What is Superior?
Superior: towards the top of the head
“The head is superior to the abdomen”
16. What is Inferior?
Inferior: towards the bottom of the feet
Posteriorly
“The pelvis is inferior to the neck”
17. What is Anterior?
Anterior (ventral): towards the front of the body
“The breastbone is anterior to the spine”
“The nose is anterior to the eyes.”
18. What is Posterior?
Posterior (dorsal): towards the back of the body
“The spine is posterior to the heart.”
19. What is Medial?
Medial (not middle!): towards the midline.
“The heart is medial to the lungs.”
20. What is Lateral?
Lateral: towards the sides, away from the midline
of the body.
“The Lungs are lateral to the heart.”
“The arms are lateral to the chest”
21. What is Proximal?
Proximal: Close to the point of origin of the body
part or the point of attachment of a limb to the
body trunk (in most cases, closer to the heart).
“The elbow is proximal to the wrist.”
Don’t confuse with superior
Body Organizations Flashcards
22. What is Distal?
Distal: away from the point of origin (in most
cases, away from the heart).
“The fingers are distal to the wrist.”
“The knee is distal to the thigh”
NOTE: Do not get inferior mixed up with distal.
Inferior means towards the feet, and distal means
farther from the heart.
23. What is Superficial?
Superficial (external): Toward or at the body
surface
“The skin is superficial to the muscles.”
24. What is Deep?
Deep (internal): Away from the body surface;
more internal. Do NOT use the term “interior”.
“Bones are deep to the muscles.”
“The lungs are deep to the skin”
25. What is Intermediate?
Intermediate: Between a more medial and a
more lateral structure “The collarbone is
intermediate between the breastbone and
shoulder”
26. What is the Frontal (coronal) Plane?
Frontal (coronal) Plane: Divides body or organ
into anterior/posterior.
27. What is the Sagittal Plane?
Sagittal Plane: Divides body or organ into left and
right.
a) Midsagittal (median) plane: down the
midline, dividing EQUALLY right and left.
b) Parasagittal plane: divides into
UNEQUAL right and left parts.
28. What is the Transverse Plane?
Transverse Plane (Cross sec): Divides body or
organ into superior/inferior parts
29. What are the 3 Body Cavities?
Body Cavities
1. Thoracic cavity (contains lungs and heart)
2. Abdominal cavity (contains digestive
organs)
Body Organizations Flashcards
3. Pelvic cavity (contains reproductive
organs)
30. What separates the thoracic and abdominal
cavities?
The thoracic and abdominal cavities are separated
by the diaphragm.
31. What are the 2 Body Membranes and the
space that separates them?
Body Membranes
1. Parietal serosa (lines the body wall)
2. Visceral serosa (lines the organ such as
heart or lungs)
3. Serous cavity (space between the parietal
and visceral serosa; contains fluid)
32. What is Flexion/Extension?
Flexion (reduces angle of joint)
Extension (increases angle of the joint; returns
part to anatomical position). Hyperextension
goes even farther than anatomical position.
33. What are Abduction/ Adduction/ Rotation/
Circumduction?
Abduction (takes body part away from midline in
the frontal plane)
Adduction (returns body part to midline in the
frontal plane)
Rotation (to pivot on the axis of a bone, such as
shaking head “no”)
Circumduction: (Using the body part to draw a
circle in the air)
34. What is internal and external rotation?
Internal rotation: to move a limb towards the
midline of the body in the transverse plane
External rotation: to move a limb away from the
midline of the body in the transverse plane
35. What is Inversion/Eversion?
Inversion (turns foot toward midline in the
frontal plane)
Eversion (turns foot away from midline in the
frontal plane)
Body Organizations Flashcards
36. What is Dorsiflexion/Plantarflexion?
37. What is Protraction/Retraction?
Dorsiflexion: flexion of the ankle joint; to raise
toes up in the air (sagittal plane)
Plantarflexion: extension of the ankle joint; to
point the toes downward (sagittal plane)
Protraction: sticks body part out anteriorly
(jutting out the jaw)
Retraction: opposite movement to protraction
(pulls body part posteriorly, such as the scapula)
38. What is Elevation/Depression?
Elevation: lifting a body part superiorly (raising
shoulders upward)
Depression: moving the elevated part inferiorly
(pulls body part inferiorly)
39. What is Opposition?
Opposition (brings thumb to touch tips of fingers)
40. What is Pronation and Supination?
Pronation: In the ankle, pronation is turning the
sole of foot away from midline; tri-plane
movement of eversion, abduction, and
plantarflexion. In the wrists, pronation is turning
the palms from anterior to posterior.
Supination: In the ankle, supination is turning the
sole of the foot toward midline; tri-plane
movement of inversion, adduction, and
dorsiflexion. In the wrists, supination is turning
the palms from posterior to anterior.
41. What is prone, and how does it differ from
pronation?
Prone: a POSITION, not a movement; body is lying
face down. Pronation is a movement.
42. What is supine, and how does it differ from
supination?
Supine: a POSITION, not a movement; body is
lying on the back. Supination is a movement.
43. What is the difference between
Adduction/Abduction and
Flexion/Extension at the shoulders and
hips?
Adduction/Abduction: moving your arms/thighs
away from the body laterally, in the frontal plane.
Flexion/Extension: moving your arms/thighs
away from the body in front of you, in the sagittal
plane.