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Organic Molecules Carbon is the Main Ingredient in Organic Molecules ORGANIC COMPOUNDS organic molecules – carbon based molecules ex: carbohydrates (C6H12O6), proteins, lipids, nucleic acids inorganic molecules – non-carbon-based molecules ex: carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), nitrogen (N2) Carbohydrates function to provide fuel and building materials • Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (1:2:1) • -ose suffix • Source of energy for cells • Provides structural framework for plant cells Monosaccharides – monomer – Immediate energy – Glucose, Fructose Carbohydrates provide fuel and building material Disaccharides – Must be broken down to utilize energy – Sucrose (table sugar), maltose Sucralose Carbohydrates provide fuel and building material Polysaccharides – Polymer – Must be broken down to utilize energy – Starch, Cellulose (fiber), Glycogen (animals) Diseases and Disorders Related to Carbohydrates • Lactose Intolerance • Gluten Intolerance • Diabetes Lipids • • • • • • Hydrophobic- “water-fearing” Build cell membranes Long-term energy storage Cushion organs Insulation Aid in the absorption of vitamins A, D, E and K • Slows the emptying of stomach so you feel fuller longer Fats • Saturated Fats – Solid at room temperature – All carbons make 4 single bonds – Not easily digested – Butter, marbled meat, shortening • Unsaturated Fats – Liquid at room temperature – Some carbons make double bonds – Digested readily – oils Proteins Made of amino acids • Build muscle • Responsible for most of our physical and chemical characteristics – – – – – – Skin color Hair color Eye color Height Temperament Metabolism Nucleic Acids • Well, we will get to these later…….
