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Gravity Since Jupiter is the biggest planet, its gravity is much more intense. The gravity is 2.5 times the gravity on Earth. Weather On Jupiter there are storms that cover thousands of km within hours, winds whipping the clouds at 360 kph. Storms that last hundreds of years are a typical thing. Jupiter Jupiter’s Orbit Jupiter is known as the largest planet of all the other planets. It is a Jovian planet also known as an outer planet. The mass is 2.5 times greater than all other planets combined. Over a thousand earths could fit into its volume. It is the fifth planet from the sun Distance from the sun It is approximately 4.95 Astronomical units away. It is the fifth planet from the sun. Orbit It takes 11.86 earth years for Jupiter to complete one orbit. Rotation Composition It is composed of hydrogen and helium. Approximate amounts are 90% of hydrogen 10% of helium. There is no solid surface. It also contains small amounts of methane, water and ammonia. Jupiter’s rotation is the fastest of all planets in the solar system Moons 4 largest moons: Lo, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto. Temperature I The temperature of Jupiter can be different in some areas. At the upper edge of the cloud cover, the temperature is thought to be -145 degrees C. On Jupiter the temperature increases because of atmospheric pressure. When you descend the temperature increases. When you descend further hydrogen becomes hot enough to turn into a liquid. The temperature is thought to be over 9,700 C. At the planet’s core scientists think that the temperature could be as high as 35.500 C. Surface Data Its surface area is 61,418,738,571 km². Layers of dense clouds prevent its surface to be seen. A series of belts and zones can be seen on Jupiter’s clouds when viewed from a telescope. Alexis Kim Block D History of human scientific explorations Jupiter was first visited by NASA’s Pioneer 10 spacecraft in December 1973, and then Pioneer 11 in December 1974 discovered magnetosphere and largely fluid interior. Then Voyager 1 and 2 in 1979 studied its moons and ring system. Ulysses arrived in February 1992. Then Cassini came in 2000 and took detailed pictures of its atmosphere. And finally, NASA’s New Horizons spacecraft in 2007 made improved measurements and satellites parameters. Fun Facts Its clouds are made up of ammonia crystals which are 50 km thick. Jupiter has about 63 known moons. The Great Red Spot is an enormous storm. But the spot is slowly shrinking. Jupiter has a ring system. It was the third ring system discovered in the solar system. You can see Jupiter with your own eyes because it is very bright.