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Cimabue
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Cimabue 1230-1302
• Italian painter and mosaicist, born in
Florence. He was one of the most
important artists of his time.
• Began to break away from the formalism
of Byzantine/Gothic art which was
predominant in Italy at that time.
• Introduced a more lifelike
treatment/interpretation of traditional
subjects.
• He was the forerunner of the realistic
Florentine school of the early Renaissance
founded by Giotto.
• Believed to have been Giotto’s teacher.
Cimabue
Giotto
Giotto 1267-1337
• Italian/Florentine painter, sculptor, and
architect.
• Giotto was recognized as the first genius
of art in the Italian Renaissance. “The
Father of the Rennaisance”.
• He dealt largely in the traditional religious
subjects, but he began to give these
subjects an earthly, full-blooded life and
force. Adding very human touches.
• Giotto was a master storyteller through his
paintings.
Giotto
Most murals/wall paintings
Fresco = fresh
Painting is done on wet or “fresh
plaster” famous for his fresco’s used
for
Gesso – made from glue mixed with
finely ground chalk. Used to create
a painting surface for egg tempera
painting.
Masaccio
Giotto
Masaccio
Masaccio 1401-1427
• Masaccio, the first great painter of the Italian
Renaissance, whose innovations in the use of
scientific perspective changed this modern era
in painting.
• He joined the painters guild in Florence in 1422.
His remarkably individual style owed little to
other painters, except possibly the great 14thcentury master Giotto.
• He was more strongly influenced by the architect
Brunelleschi and the sculptor Donatello, both of
whom were his contemporaries/peers in
Florence.
Leonardo and Masaccio
Modanno of the Rocks/Virgin of the
Rocks
Three Phases of Renaissance
1400-1600
• Giotto – Early Renaissance
• Masaccio – Mid Renaissance
• Leonardo - High Renaissance
Renaissance – a renewed interest in
art/literature/science. Rebirth
•Folds in cloth, angels
wings drawn from real
birds, flowers painted
from life, nothing painted
from his imagination
•Strong composition /\
unified, harmonious
whole (circles/triangels
used to achieve balance)
•Leonardo’s work was
mysterious
Madonna of the Rocks
Leonardo-
Louvre 1490
on canvas
National Gallery of London 1506
on wood
Louvre
Leonardo
• There has never been an artist who was more
fittingly, and without qualification, described as a
genius. Leonardo came from an insignificant
background and rose to universal acclaim
becoming a master painter.
• Leonardo was the son of a local lawyer in the
small town of Vinci in the Tuscan region. His
father acknowledged him and paid for his
training becoming an apprentice to Verrochio
• His overabundance of talents caused him to
treat his artistry lightly, seldom finishing a
picture, and sometimes making rash technical
experiments.
Verrocchio The Baptism of Christ
The Last Supper
• Unsuccessful fresco –mixed egg, linseed oil, and
pigments
• Painting finished in 1517 at which time it began flaking
off
• Further damaged by Napolean troops when they used
the room as a stable for their horses
• Painting underwent 7 restoration attempts. Restoration
took 20 years. Uncovering details including facial
features, food.
• The Last Supper, comissioned by Lodovico – ruler of
milan in the church of Santa Maria delle Grazie in
Milan (in the room in the monestary that the friars ate).
• What is the central focus/vanishing point that
establishes perspective
Leonardo’s sketchbooks
•Studying anatomy to achieve proper proportions
•Dissected human corpses
•Sketched portraits of models
Leonardo wrote many of his notes
in his sketchbook.
•Signature as it appears in
sketchbook
•Leonardo used mirror handwriting –
attempt to keep thoughts private
Leonardo’s sketchbooks
Chiaroscuro- modeling from light to
dark to show form.
Folds in the clothes – painted from
real subjects.
Mona Lisa
•Leonardo spent 4 years painting
the Mona Lisa
•Considered his most famous
painting.
•Elisabetta Giocondo (wife of an
officer of Florence – modeled for
this portrait
•Leonardo brought in jesters,
musicians, singers to entertain the
model while he worked
•Used technique - sfumato
Raphael’s Drawing
Sfumato – misty
background, softening lines
so that objects do not have
outlines, creating the illusion
of space.
Aerial /Atmospheric
Perspective -Leonardo
called it the perspective of
disappearance.
Did Leonardo incorporate himself
into this portrait?
Who painted this Madonna and
Child?