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2010-2011 Sixth Grade Science L to J Vocabulary List 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Hypothesis A predicted answer to a scientific question Variable part of an experiment Independent variable an element in an experiment that is changed Dependent variable an element in an experiment that is not changed but can be affected Technology the use of scientific knowledge to solve problems or create new products, tools, or processes 6. Remote Sensing the use of scientific equipment to gather information from a distance 7. Satellite an object that orbits a more massive object 8. Mineral a solid formed in nature with a definite chemical makeup and a crystal structure. 9. Density the mass of a substance divided by its volume 10. Element a substance that contains only one type of atom 11. Compound substance consisting of more than one type of atom 12. Faults a fracture in Earth’s lithosphere along which blocks of rock moves past each other 13. Tectonic plate large, moving pieces into which Earth’s lithosphere is broken 14. Theory of plate tectonics states that Earth’s lithosphere is made up of huge plates that move over the surface of Earth 15. Transform boundary two tectonic plates scraping past each other 16. Convergent boundary two tectonic plates pushing together 17. Divergent boundary two tectonic plates moving away from each other 18. Subduction the process by which one tectonic plate dives or sinks below another tectonic plate 19. Asthenosphere a layer of hotter softer rock in the upper mantle 20. Lithosphere Earth’s crust and the very top of the mantle 21. Inner Core a solid sphere of metal, mostly nickel and iron, at Earth’s center 22. Outer Core a layer of molten metal that surrounds Earth’s inner core 23. Mantle Earth’s thickest layer, made up mostly of molten rock 24. Crust the thin rocky outer layer of the Earth 25. pH measure of how acidic or basic a solution is 26. Weathering mechanical or chemical process that breaks down rocks into smaller and smaller fragments 27. Erosion the process in which sediment is picked up and moved from one place to another 28. Pangaea supercontinent that included all the landmasses on Earth 29. Deposition the process in which eroded sediment is deposited in a new location 30. Desertification-the expansion of desert-like conditions in areas where the natural plant cover has been destroyed 31. Conduction- process that moves energy from one object to another because they are touching physically 32. Convection- process that transfers energy by the motion of large numbers of particles in a particular direction in either gases or liquids 33. Radiation- Energy that travels as electromagnetic waves, which include visible light, microwaves, and infrared light 34. Heat the flow of energy from an object at a higher temperature to an object with a lower temperature 35. Sonar instruments that use echolocation to locate objects underwater 36. Wave- a disturbance that transfers energy form one place to another 37. Energy the ability to do work and cause a change 38. Matter anything that has mass and takes up space 39. Electromagnetic type of wave, such as a light wave or radio wave, that can travel in a vacuum as well as in various materials 40. Potential energy- The stored energy that an object has due to its position or chemical composition 41. Kinetic Energy- The energy of motion that is dependant on an object’s mass and speed 42. Kinetic theory of matter- States that all of the particles of matter are constantly in motion 43. Equilibrium- the processes in which two or more substances transfer energy until they are the same temperature 44. Frequency- the number of waves that pass a fixed point in a certain amount of time 45. Amplitude- the distance between a line through the middle of a wave and a crest or trough 46. Wavelength- the distance from one wave crest to the next wave crest 47. Crest- the highest point, or peak, of a wave 48. Trough- the lowest point, or valley, of a wave 49. Focal point- the point where light rays meet when they are reflected off of concave surface 50. Lens- a clear optical tool that refracts light 51. Convex a lens that is curved outward like the outside of a sphere 52. Concave a lens curved inward like the inside of a sphere 53. Refraction- the bending of light as it passes from one substance to another 54. Diffraction- the bending of light waves around an object 55. Scattering- the spreading out of light rays in all directions due to particles reflecting and absorbing light 56. Intensity- the amount of energy a sound wave has 57. Pitch- the characteristic of highness or lowness of a sound 58. Vacuum- an empty space, contains no matter 59. Solar System the sun and its family of orbiting planets, moons, and other objects 60. Revolution the time it takes an object to go around something one time 61. Equinox when the sun shines equally on the northern and southern hemispheres (happens in September and March) 62. Solstice when the amount of sunlight in one hemisphere is at its maximum and in the other hemisphere is at its minimum (happens in December and June) 63. Waxing- when the appearance of the moon grows larger 64. Waning- when the appearance of the moon shrinks 65. Crescent phase of the moon between a new moon and a quarter moon 66. Gibbous phase of the moon between a quarter moon and a full moon 67. Tides- changing levels of the ocean due to the moons gravity changes 68. Eclipse when one object in space casts a shadow on another 69. Photosynthesis- the process by which green plants and other producers use simple compounds and energy from sunlight to make food 70. Chlorophyll the green pigment in the leaves and stems of plants that is necessary for the production of plant food by photosynthesis 71. Food Web- interconnected food chains in an ecosystem 72. Food Chain a model used to show the feeding relationship of producers and consumers in an ecosystem 73. Natural selection- theory that states the strongest, best adapted organisms are more likely to survive and create offspring 74. Adaptation a characteristic or inherited trait that makes a species able to survive and reproduce in a particular environment 75. Symbiosis- different species living and interacting together in a close relationship 76. Pioneer species- first living things to move into a barren environment 77. Limiting factor- something that limits the growth of a population 78. Carrying capacity- the maximum number of individuals that an ecosystem can support 79. Succession- the re-growth of an ecosystem after a drastic change 80. Ecosystem all of the living and non-living things that interact in a particular environment 81. Biome a region on Earth that has a particular climate and certain types of plants 82. Niche the role a living thing plays in its habitat 83. Habitat natural environment where living things get what they need to live 84. Coniferous cone bearing trees that keep their leaves or needles though out the entire year 85. Deciduous Trees and shrubs that drop their leaves when winter comes