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國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 基礎生物力學期中考試卷
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 基礎生物力學期中考試卷
Multiple-Choice (100%):
Each of the following questions has four choices marked (a), (b), (c), and (d), but there is only ONE
correct answer. Please decide which one is the closest correct answer. Then, write down the
corresponding letter on your answer sheet.
1. Which of the following measurements is NOT the base units of the SI (System
International) system?
a. length
b. mass
c. force
d. time
2. Which is the unit of measurement for angular velocity?
a. km/s
b. kg/s2
c. degree/s
d. rad/s
3. A force of _____ is defined as the force that is capable of producing an acceleration of 1
cm/s2 to a mass of 1 g.
a. 1 g
b. 1 dyne
c. 1 newton
d. 1 Pa
4. Which of the following quantities is NOT a scalar quantity?
a. A person’s body mass is 70 kg.
b. The walking distance between room A and room B is 400 meters.
c. The area of a bedroom is 365 squared feet.
d. A car travels north on the highway with 90 meters per hour.
5. Measurement of the bony segment length from x-ray film is one of the methods for
estimating bone length. If an anteroposterior view of a femur on an x-ray film
measures 50 cm, and the femur forms an angle of 20 with the x-ray cassette (固定 X 光
底片的架子) as shown in the following figure, the true length of the femur is _____.
The calculation can be done by neglecting the x-ray magnification.
(sin20=0.34, cos 20=0.94, tan20=0.36)
a. 68 cm
b. 53 cm
c. 47 cm
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d. 73 cm
國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 基礎生物力學期中考試卷
6. If vector A1 is perpendicular to vector A2, then vector A1 and vector A2 are defined as the
orthogonal components. A vector can be decomposed into _____ pairs of orthogonal
components.
a. 0
b. 1
c. 10
d. infinite
7. Considering of a vector, which of the following descriptions is NOT TRUE?
a. A vector quantity has magnitude, direction, and sense.
b. Vectors can be added or subtracted regardless of their directions.
c. Any vector can be decomposed in two components along any direction in a plane.
d. A vector can be expressed as its magnitude times a unit vector along the same
direction of the original vector.
8. Which of the following equations is not necessary when the static equilibrium is
considered for a rigid body?
a. F = 0
c. v = 0
b. M = 0
d. a = 0
9. The time rate of change of the _____ vector is the velocity.
a. displacement
b. speed
c. acceleration
d. jerk
10. Concerning with a moment of a force acting on a rigid body with respect to a point,
which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
a. The direction of a moment of force with respect to a point is always parallel to the
plane of the force in a two-dimensional case.
b. A moment of force is the tendency of rotating a rigid body with respect to a point.
c. For the same force, the moment of force of a rigid body increases with the increase of
the moment arm
d. For the same moment arm, the moment of force of a rigid body increases with the
increase of the force.
11. What technique is used to determine the net effect of several forces acting on a system?
a. calculation of the resultant force
b. calculation of the composition forces
c. calculation of orthogonal forces
d. calculation of velocity and acceleration
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 基礎生物力學期中考試卷
12. What effect does the normal component of a muscle force exert on a body segment?
a. compression
b. rotation
c. co-contraction
d. torsion
13. Momentum is calculated as the product of ____.
a. mass and acceleration
b. weight and acceleration
c. mass and velocity
d. weight and velocity
14. Which of the following statements about moment of inertia is NOT TRUE?
a. It is represented by the symbol I.
b. It indicates the distribution of the mass of a system about its center of mass.
c. It is smallest about the twist axis.
d. The unit of measurement is kgm2
15. Which of the following body segments has its center of mass closest to the midpoint of
segment length?
a. head
b. shank
c. thigh
d. forearm
16. Which of Newton’s laws of motion states that F=ma.
a. gravitation
b. inertia
c. action-reaction
d. acceleration
17. Which variables exerts the greatest effect on the fluid resistance experienced by an
object?
a. relative velocity
c. orientation of the wave
b. fluid density
d. projected area of the object
18. When velocity is at maximum, what will acceleration be?
a. minimum
b. maximum
c. zero
d. negative
19. If an object experienced an acceleration of 10 m/s2 , what would its velocity be after 2
seconds? Assumed the initial velocity is zero.
a. 20 m/s
b. 13 m/s
c. 23 m/s
d. 30 m/s
20. A constant force applied to an unsupported object produced a constant acceleration.
Thus, the absence of a force means that the object could be ___.
a. at rest
b. traveling at a constant velocity
c. either of the above conditions
d. neither of the above conditions
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 基礎生物力學期中考試卷
21. _____ are used to calculate the forces from the kinematics of a movement.
a. Forward dynamics
c. Kinematic dynamics
b. Inverse dynamics
d. Kinetic dynamics
22. Work can be represented as the area under which type of graph?
a. force-time curve
b. force-velocity curve
c. force-displacement curve
d. angle-angle diagram
23. A baseball player throws a ball to a target 37 m away from him within 1 s. The
averaged speed of the ball is _____.
a. 3.7 ms/s
b. 37 m/s
c. 370 m/s
d. 3700 m/s
24. Same as Question 23. If his throwing elbow moves from 135 to 0, the averaged
angular speed of the elbow is about _____.
a. 2.2 rad/s
b. 22 rad/s
c. 1.5 rad/s
d. 15 rad/s
25. Which of the following statements about the law of acceleration is NOT TRUE?
a. According to the law of acceleration, 1 N = 1 kgm/s2
b. In static analysis, the acceleration is assumed to be zero.
c. The left-hand side of this relationship (F) represents the interaction between the object
and its surroundings whereas the right-hand side (ma) indicates the kinematic effect of
these interaction.
d. The basic assumption of the law of acceleration is that the acceleration is constant.
26. With regard to the following figure, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
a. The object is going down from Position 4 to position 5.
b. The magnitude of the velocity from Position 2 to position 3 is less than that from
Position 1 to Position 2.
c. Velocity is zero from Position 3 to Position 4.
d. This graph gives the information about the magnitude only and not about the direction
of the velocity.
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 基礎生物力學期中考試卷
27. If an object experiences an acceleration of 10 m/s2, what would its velocity after 2 s?
Assume that it begins with an initial velocity of 3 m/s.
a. 20 m/s
b. 13 m/s
c. 23 m/s
d. 30 m/s
28. Concerning with equilibrium of an object, which of the following is NOT TRUE?
a. There is no more motion when an object is in equilibrium.
b. There is no forces acting on this object when it is in equilibrium.
c. There is no acceleration when an object is in equilibrium
d. There is no rotation of the object.
29. In the expression of Mo = 0 during static analysis, the abbreviation M refers to _____.
a. moment of inertia
b. moment of the force
c. moment arm
d. momentum
30. Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
a. Kinesiology is the study of motion which include the study of biomechanics,
neurophysiology, and exercise physiology related to the specific interest.
b. Electromyography is a useful tool of measuring range of motion in static conditions.
c. Electromyography may be one of quantitative research tools to study muscle action in
vivo.
d. Accelerometer can be used in studying human motion because it is sensitive to changes
in body motion and directly related to the forces involved.
31. On the stress –strain curve of the anterior cruciate ligament, a toe region is noted when
the load is applied. This toe region indicates
a. major failure of the ligament takes place
b. the ligament starts to have plastic behavior
c. the deformation of the ligament is irreversible (不可逆)
d. the wavy collagen fibers straighten out
32. How long would you expect the anterior cruciate ligament can have 90% of the original
strength after 8-week immobilization?
a. 3 months
b. 6 months
c. 9 months
d. 12 months
33. Which of the following ligaments can elongate up to 70%?
a. anterior cruciate ligament
b. posterior cruciate ligament
c. ligamentum flavum
d. anterior longitudinal ligament
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 基礎生物力學期中考試卷
34. The tensile strength of a healthy tendon may be more than twice the strength of its
muscle. This indicates that ruptures of _____ are more common clinically when a
tensile load is applied to a muscle.
a. muscle belly
b. musculotendinous junction
c. tendon
d. fascia
35. By comparing the mechanical properties of bone and collagen fibers, Which of the
following statements is NOT TRUE?
a. Both bone and collagen fibers increase in strength and stiffness with an increased speed
of loading
b. Both bone and collagen fibers remodel in response to the mechanical demands placed
upon it.
c. Both bone and collagen fibers withstand high tensile loads more than compression
loads.
d. Both bone and collagen fibers behave like a viscoelastic material.
36. By comparing the mechanical properties of elastin and collagen fibers, Which of the
following statements is NOT TRUE?
a. Collagen fibers withstands tensile stress while elastin fibers withstands compression
stress.
b. Collagen fibers have greater stiffness than elastin fibers.
c. Collagen fibers tolerate less strain than elatin fibers.
d. Collagen fibers behave more like brittle materials while elastin fibers behave like
ductile materials.
37. The relaxation phenomenon indicates the _____ decreases as time increases if the _____
keeps constant.
a. force, loading
b. loading, force
c. deformation, loading
d. loading, deformation
38. The collagen fibers are stiff and strong in _____ whereas it is weak and buckles easily
with ____.
a. tension, compression
b. compression, tension
c. compression, shear
d. shear, tension
39. The orientation of the collagen fibers in _____ is almost parallel, which makes it well
suited for withstanding high tensile loads.
a. ligament
b. tendon
c. capsule
d. skin
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 基礎生物力學期中考試卷
40. The orientation of the collagen fibers at the superficial tangential zone of an articular
cartilage is _____ to the articular surface in order to withstand _____ stresses.
a. parallel, shear
b. oblique, twist
c. vertical, compression
d. random, any kind of
41. The strength of a bone is defined as
a. the stress which the bone can sustain before failure
b. the strain which the bone can sustain before failure
c. the energy which the bone can store before failure
d. all of the above
42. During the stance phase, the tibia is subjected to
a. compression loading
b. tensile loading
c. shear loading
d. all of the above
43. The bone exhibits different mechanical properties when loaded in different directions.
This phenomenon is
a. hysteresis
b. creep
c. anisotropy
d. relaxation
44. Muscle contraction affects stress patterns in bone by producing ______ stress that can
partially or totally neutralizes the ______ stress acting on the bone.
a. compressive, compressive
c. tensile, compressive
b. compressive, tensile
d. tensile, tensile
45. The yield point of a bone indicates
a. the slope of the stress-strain curve in the elastic region
b. the transition point from the elastic region to the plastic region
c. the point that the bone can sustain before failure
d. all of the above
46. During the early stage of the healing process of a fractured bone, callus formation at the
fracture site is important for increasing the strength of the bone because the callus area
has a higher ____ than the intact area.
a. bone resorption activity
b. moment of inertia about the neutral axis
c. creep phenomenon
d. tensile strength
47. Bone stores more energy when loaded at the _____ rate of loading.
a. higher
b. lower
c. no different
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國立台灣大學物理治療學系八十八學年度/ 基礎生物力學期中考試卷
48. Concerning with bone remodeling, which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?
a. Bone remodels in response to the mechanical demands placed upon it
b. Remodeling of a mature bone follows the Wolff’s law.
c. Resorption of periosteal and subperiosteal bone takes place when the bone is subjected
to high mechanical stresses, such as strenuous exercise (劇烈運動).
d. Since the large metal plate can carry high loads, the bone will atrophy if a metal
implant is used for fixating the bone following fracture
49. Which of the following statements about degenerative changes of cortical bone is NOT
TRUE?
a. The degenerative bone can only withstand half of the strain of the young bone.
b. The degenerative bone can only withstand half of the stress of the young bone.
c. The degenerative bone stores less energy to failure.
d. The degenerative bone shows a decrease in the diameter and thickness of the cortex.
50. With immobilization there is a marked reduction in the amount of cancellous bone and a
decrease in the thickness of cortical bone. These changes diminish bone
a. strength only
b. stiffness only
c. both strength and stiffness
d. neither strength nor stiffness
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