Download Human transport

Objective: You will be able to name and
give the function of the blood components.
Do Now:
• Read all of p. 943
• Compare the circulatory system with a city
Transport
• Transport involves absorbing substances
in the blood and circulating it through the
body
• Materials that the blood carries includes
dissolved and suspended materials
Blood Vessels
• Arteries transport blood away from the
heart
– They have thick, muscular walls
• Veins transport blood to the heart
– They have thin walls
– Contain valves to prevent the backflow of
blood
• Capillaries have walls that are only one
cell thick
– The exchange material with the blood and the
intercellular fluid (ICF)
Figure 42.8 The structure of blood vessels
Intercellular Fluid (ICF)
• ICF surrounds all of the cells of the body
and exchanges materials with the blood
and the cells
– It is mostly made up of water
• The ICF is picked up by lymph vessels
and is now called lymph
– Lymph vessels are one cell thick and contain
valves
Tissue cell
Capillary
Direction of
blood flow
INTERSTITIAL FLUID
Net fluid
movement out
Net fluid
movement in
Capillary
Red
blood
cell
15 m
Blood
• Blood consists of the liquid plasma and a
variety of cells
• Plasma is the liquid part of the blood
– Mostly consists of water
– Carries everything including wastes, CO2,
antibodies, etc…
• Does NOT carry O2
Red Blood Cells (RBC)
• Carry oxygen
– Hemoglobin on the RBC’s carry the O2
– An RBC does not have a nucleus
– It is anaerobic
Platelets
• Platelets are involved with clotting
– Platelets near an injury rupture and release a
chemical
– This chemical causes an enzyme-controlled
series of reactions to form a clot
Platelets
White Blood Cells (WBC)
• White blood cells have a nucleus
• They fight off bacteria and viruses
– These “bad things” are called antigens
• There are two types of WBC’s
– Phagocytic WBC’s engulf the antigens
– Lymphocytes make antibodies that attack the
antigens
Phagocyte
Lymph
• The lymph vessels bring the lymph to
lymph nodes
• Phagocytic WBC there, clean the lymph of
bacteria and dead cells
• Once the lymph is cleaned, it is returned to
the blood
WBC
RBC
Figure 42.5 The mammalian heart: a closer look
Right
Atrium
Left
Atrium
The Heart
• It is a pump that sends blood throughout
the body
• It is made of muscle we call cardiac
muscle
• It is separated into left and right halves by
the septum
• It has four chambers
– Two atria receive the blood coming back to
the heart
– Two ventricles pump the blood out to the body
Figure 42.4 The mammalian cardiovascular system: an overview
Circulation types
• Pulmonary circulation is the flow of
blood from the heart to the lungs and back
to the heart
• Systemic circulation is the flow of blood
from the heart to the rest of the body and
back to the heart
– Coronary circulation is a PART of systemic
– Coronary supplies blood to the heart through
coronary arteries
Back to the Heart
• The two atria receive blood returning to
the heart
– They are thin walled
• The ventricles pump blood out of the heart
– They have very thick walls
Figure 42.5 The mammalian heart: a closer look
Right
Atrium
Left
Atrium
Figure 42.4 The mammalian cardiovascular system: an overview
Heart Dissection
• Find the four chambers of the heart
• Identify the flowing structures
– Valves
– Vena cava
– Pulmonary artery
– Pulmonary vein
– Aorta
• You find these structures by using your
fingers
Blood pressure
• Refers to the pressure on the arteries
when the ventricles contract.
• The contraction period is called systole
– Greatest pressure on the arteries
• The non-contraction period is called
diastole
– Lowest pressure on the arteries
• A blood pressure of 120/70 means:
– Systolic number is 120
– Diastolic number is 70
Figure 42.12 Measurement of
blood pressure (layer 1)
Artery
Figure 42.12 Measurement of
blood pressure (layer 2)
Pressure
in cuff
above120
Rubber cuff
inflated
with air
Artery
120
Artery
closed
Figure 42.12 Measurement of
blood pressure (layer 3)
Pressure
in cuff
above120
Rubber cuff
inflated
with air
Artery
120
Pressure
in cuff
below 120
120
Sounds
audible in
stethoscope
Artery
closed
Figure 42.12 Measurement of
blood pressure (layer 4)
Blood pressure
Reading: 120/170
Pressure
in cuff
above120
Rubber cuff
inflated
with air
Artery
120
Pressure
in cuff
below 120
Pressure
in cuff
below 70
120
70
Sounds
audible in
stethoscope
Artery
closed
Sounds
stop
Circulatory Malfunctions
• Cardiovascular diseases are malfunctions
that affect the heart and blood vessels
– High blood pressure is characterized by
having high pressure on the arteries. It
damages the arteries and weakens the heart
– Heart attacks include
• Angina pectoris which is a partial blockage of a
coronary artery
• Coronary thrombosis which is a complete
blockage of a coronary artery
Malfunctions continued
• Blood conditions
– Anemia is the inability of the blood to
transport enough oxygen
• May be caused by low amount of hemoglobin or
low amount of RBC’s
– Leukemia is a cancer that affects the bone
marrow.
• Blood is produced in the bone marrow. So this
cancer is the uncontrolled production of
nonfunctional WBC’s