Download INTRODUCTION AS-AQA Physics course

Y12 AS Physics Course
2014-2015
Ms. C. Hamnett
INTRODUCTION
to the
AS-AQA Physics course
2014-2015
and
TASKS for the SUMMER
Date:
Student Name/Surname
Student Signature
Parent/Carer
Name/Surname
Parent/Carer Signature
Content:
Page
1. Welcome………………………………………………………………………………
2
2. COURSE STRUCTURE……………………………………………………………
3
3. HOW TO GET READY……………………………………………………………
5
4. SUMMER TASKS………………………………………………………………….
6
4.1 Task 1 - Particles……………………………………………………………
6
4.2 Task 2 - Electricity…………………………………………………………
7
5. Useful information………………………………………………………………
8
6. Revision for TASK 1 – Particle Physics……………………………………
9
7. Revision for TASK 2 – Electricity ……………………………………………
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Y12 AS Physics Course
2014-2015
Ms. C. Hamnett
1. WELCOME
Dear Student,
Welcome to the Y12 Physics course. Our exam board here in Cheney is AQA Physics
A and
information about both structure and content is available on
http://www.aqa.org.uk/subjects/science/a-level/physics-a-2450 and will shortly be
available online at www.kerboodle.com (you will need to get updated login
credentials to access this), and also on your school website www.cheney.oxon.sch.uk
(into student > science > your course…). The same websites will be populated with a
various resources, like summaries or revision guidance, which will help you
throughout the year in keeping your studies constantly up to date.
From September 2014, two specialist teachers will be in charge of your learning. We
will begin by studying Particle Physics (1.1) and Electricity (1.3).
Before September 2014, we expect you to have completed the tasks explained in
this document, which you will bring back to your teacher together with this
document signed by one of your parents.
We wish you all an exciting and successful first year of A-Level Physics.
Your teachers,
Ms. C. Hamnett [[email protected]],
Please note that due to exam board changes, you will not be able to sit exams in
January: from September 2013, all the exams for AS and A2 Physics will take place
in June.
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2. COURSE STRUCTURE
The course is structured as below:
Unit 1 PHYA1: Particles, Quantum Phenomena and Electricity (spec. 3.1)
Unit 2 PHYA2: Mechanics, Materials and Waves (spec. 3.2)
Unit 3 PHYA3: Investigative and Practical Skills in AS Physics (spec. 3.3)
More in detail:
Unit 1 PHYA1 Particles, Quantum Phenomena and Electricity
This module involves two contrasting topics in physics: particle physics and electricity.
Through the study of these topics, students should gain an awareness of the on-going
development of new ideas in physics and of the application of in-depth knowledge of wellestablished topics such as electricity. Particle physics introduces students to the
fundamental properties and nature of matter, radiation and quantum phenomena. In
contrast, the study of electricity in this module builds on and develops previous GCSE studies
and provides opportunities for practical work and looks into important applications.
1.1 Particles and Radiation
 Constituents of the atom
 Stable and unstable nuclei
 Particles, antiparticles and photons
 Particle interactions
 Classification of particles
 Quarks and anti-quarks
1.2 Electromagnetic Radiation and Quantum Phenomena
 The photoelectric effect
 Collisions of electrons with atoms
 Energy levels and photon emission
 Wave-particle duality
1.3 Current Electricity
 Charge, current and potential difference
 Current / voltage characteristics
 Resistivity
 Circuits
 Potential divider
 Electromotive force and internal resistance
 Alternating currents
 Oscilloscope
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Unit 2 PHYA2 Mechanics, Materials and Waves
This AS unit is about the principles and applications of mechanics, materials and waves. The
first section introduces vectors and then develops knowledge and understanding of forces
and energy from GCSE Additional Science. In the second section, materials are studied in
terms of their bulk properties and tensile strength. The final section extends GCSE studies on
waves by developing in-depth knowledge of the characteristics, properties and applications
of waves, including refraction, diffraction, superposition and interference
2.1. Mechanics
 Scalars and Vectors
 Moments
 Motion along a straight line
 Projectile motion
 Newton’s laws of motion
 Work, Energy and Power
 Conservation of Energy
2.2. Materials
 Bulk properties of solids
 The Young modulus
2.3. Waves
 Progressive waves
 Longitudinal and transverse waves
 Refraction at a plane surface
 Superposition of waves, stationary waves
 Interference
 Diffraction
Unit 3 PHYA3 Investigative and Practical Skills in AS Physics
Candidates should carry out experimental and investigative activities in order to develop
their practical skills. Experimental and investigative activities should be set in contexts
appropriate to, and reflect the demand of the AS content. These activities should allow
candidates to use their knowledge and understanding of Physics in planning, carrying out,
analysing and evaluating their work. The specifications for Units 1 and 2 provide a range of
different practical topics which may be used for experimental and investigative skills. The
experience of dealing with such activities will develop the skills required for the assessment
of these skills in the Unit. Examples of suitable experiments that could be considered
throughout the course will be provided in the Teachers’ Resource Bank. We use ISAs, the
Centre Assessed route.
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3. HOW TO GET READY
The Physics AS-course is a demanding one and we want you to be successful at it.
The following is a quick check list in order to get ready for September 2013.
Before the course:
1. Get familiar with the course content and its units/sub-units. A quick browse of
them here http://filestore.aqa.org.uk/subjects/AQA-2450-W-SP.PDF would be
ideal.
2. Complete your summer task as soon as possible. You are fresh from your exams
and it is now much easier for you to complete it sooner rather than later.
3. Get a solid ring-binder, some subject dividers and a refill pad for it (lined or
squared paper). This is necessary for the course to keep your notes organised.
During the course
1. Always stay on top of your course. Organize your timetable allowing lots of time
for reading over notes, practicing and revising.
2. Keep all the content of any of your subject in a single location/file.
3. Read around the subject – a reading list is available for you, and read the New
Scientist which we subscribe to here at school
4. Take part in the enrichment activities offered for free – there are Physics
Masterclasses, public lectures and trips galore including Stargazing and CERN,
linking to your course content so make the most of these opportunities.
5. Start a brand-new log of your activities, by creating a file in a word editor, and
updating it regularly, keeping track of your activities, studies, interests etc...
6. Use kerboodle, a resource for you to give you extra practice and help
7. Come to A-level club, held weekly in W10, to do homework ask questions and
get help and support.
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4. SUMMER TASKS
In September 2014, your AS Physics course will begin studying Unit 1.1 (Particles)
and Unit 1.3 (Electricity). You will have to complete 1 task for each topic, as outlined
below. In September, you are expected to bring back to school both tasks
completed, with the writing parts printed out and tucked in your folder/ring-binder,
together with a signed version of this document.
Every task is divided in 3 parts:
1) A revision task (GCSE based): to self-assess your confidence with the topic.
2) A research task: to exploit your independent study and writing skills.
3) An ICT task: designed to be peer-assessed and probe your presentation skills.
4.1
TASK 1: Particle Physics
Part 1
Short revision: RADIOACTIVE DECAY (Page 9-13)
Part 2
Research Task: WHAT’S INSIDE AN ATOMIC NUCLEUS?
What are the basic “ingredients” of matter? How did we discover them?
Research format: 2 sides of an A4 sheet, with NAME of the STUDENT, DATE
and TITLE at the top. Please do only use ARIAL 12pt and double space for the
document. If 2 sheets are used, please staple them together. Suggested
Sources:
http://resources.schoolscience.co.uk/STFC/16plus/partich1pg2.html
http://www.absorblearning.com/chemistry/demo/units/LR302.html
http://www.dummies.com/how-to/content/the-nucleus-the-center-of-an-atom.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atomic_nucleus
Part 3
Create a PRESENTATION with PowerPoint (or similar: max 3 slides), to show
the results of your RESEARCH to your class. Please follow the guidelines below
[PRESENTATION GUIDELINES].
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4.2
TASK 2: ELECTRICITY
Part 1
Short revision: SIMPLE CIRCUITS (page 14)
Part 2
Research Task: WHAT ARE CURRENT AND VOLTAGE AND HOW DO WE
MODEL THEM? Compare different models of current flowing in a circuit and
discuss briefly pros and cons.
Research format: 2 sides of an A4 sheet, with NAME of the STUDENT, DATE
and TITLE at the top. Please do only use ARIAL 12pt and double space for the
document. If 2 sheets are used, please staple them together. Suggested
Sources:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/edexcel_pre_2011/electricityintheory/v
oltagecurrentresistancerev2.shtml
http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/science/ocr_gateway_pre_2011/living_future/3_
fuels_for_power1.shtml
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WvcwCttJjtI
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity
Part 3
Create a PRESENTATION with PowerPoint (or similar: max 3 slides), to show
the results of your RESEARCH to your class. Please follow the guidelines below
[PRESENTATION GUIDELINES].
PRESENTATION GUIDELINES
Create a PRESENTATION with PowerPoint (or similar: max 3 slides), to show the results
of your RESEARCH to your class.
The presentation must follow these guidelines:
1) Duration between 3 to 6 minutes.
2) Not too much text on the slides.
3) An introduction, an explanation and a conclusive assessment of your peers
understanding (i.e. a summative question).
4) A final OPEN question, opening to debate/discussion would be ideal.
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5. Useful Info
We use a wide range of textbooks and online resources during the course. You will
be able to access online the AQA textbooks for AS Physics by logging in
www.kerboodle.com. However, if you still feel the need of a printed textbook you
might want to have a look at the following ones:
- CGP
- Advanced Physics for You
- AQA Nelson Thornes book – some samples will be shown to you in class.
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6. Revision for PARTICLES [ATOMIC STRUCTURE and DECAY]
Q1.The ‘plum pudding’ model of the atom was used by scientists in the
early part of the 20th century to explain atomic structure.
(a)
Those scientists knew that atoms contained electrons and
that the electrons had a negative charge. They also knew that
an atom was electrically neutral overall.
What did this allow the scientists to deduce about the
‘pudding’ part of the atom?
...................................................................................................
.....................
...................................................................................................
.....................(1)
(b)
An experiment, designed to investigate the ‘plum pudding’
model, involved firing alpha particles at a thin gold foil.
If the ‘plum pudding’ model was correct, then most of the
alpha particles would go straight through the gold foil. A few
would be deflected, but by less than 4 °.
The results of the experiment were unexpected. Although
most of the alpha particles did go straight through the gold
foil, about 1 in every 8 000 was deflected by more than 90 °.
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Why did this experiment lead to a new model of the atom,
called the nuclear model, replacing the ‘plum pudding’ model?
...................................................................................................
.....................
...................................................................................................
.....................(1)
(c) The diagram shows the paths, A, B and C, of three alpha particles. The
total number of alpha particles deflected through each angle is also given.
(i)
Using the nuclear model of the atom, explain the three
paths, A, B and C.
A
..........................................................................................
B
..........................................................................................
C
..........................................................................................
(3)
(ii)
Using the nuclear model, the scientist E. Rutherford
devised an equation to predict the proportion of alpha
particles that would be deflected through various angles.
The results of the experiment were the same as the
predictions made by Rutherford.
What was the importance of the experimental results
and the predictions being the same?
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................................................................................(1)
(Total 6 marks)
Q2.(a) Atoms of the isotope bismuth-212 decay by emitting either an alpha
particle
or
a
beta
particle.
The equation represents what happens when an atom of bismuth-212 decays
by beta emission into an atom of polonium-212.
(i)
The bismuth atom and the polonium atom have the
same mass number (212).
What is the mass number of an atom?
..........................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Beta decay does not cause the mass number of an
atom to change.
Explain why not.
.........................................................................................
(2)
(b)
When an atom of bismuth-212 emits an alpha particle, the
atom decays into an atom of thallium.
An alpha particle is the same as a helium nucleus.
The symbol below represents an alpha particle.
(i)
The equation below represents the alpha decay of
bismuth-212.
Complete the equation by writing the correct number in
each of the two boxes.
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Ms. C. Hamnett
(2)
(ii)
It is impossible for the alpha decay of bismuth-212 to
produce the same element as the beta decay of
bismuth-212.
Explain why.
..........................................................................................
(2)
(Total 7 marks)
Q3.
When the nucleus of a radium-225 atom decays, it changes
into a nucleus of actinium-225.
What type of radiation is emitted by radium-225?
Explain the reason for your answer.
...........................................................................................................
(Total 3 marks)
Q4.
The diagrams show two different models of an atom.
‘Plum pudding’ model
(a)
Model used today
The particles labelled ‘Xߣ in the plum pudding model are also
included in the model of the atom used today.
What are the particles labelled ‘X’ ?
....................
..............................
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(1)
(b)
Scientists decided that the ‘plum pudding’ model was wrong
and needed replacing.
Which one of the following statements gives a reason for
deciding that a scientific model needs replacing?
Tick ( ) one box.
The model is too simple.
The model has been used by scientists for a long time.
The model cannot explain the results from a new
experiment.
(1)
(c)
The table gives information about the three types of particle
that are in the model of the atom used today.
Particle
Relative mass
Relative charge
1
+1
very small
–1
1
0
Complete the table by adding the names of the particles.
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
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7. Revision for ELECTRICITY
Q1.
The drawing shows a 230 V electric light bulb.
The filament is made of high-resistance wire. The connecting
wires in the light bulb have a low resistance.
(a)
The light bulb is switched on. Explain what happens when
there is current in the filament.
..................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
Why must the connecting wires have a low resistance?
..................................................................................................
(1)
(c)
State two properties of glass that make it a good material to
support the connecting wires. Choose your answers from the
words in the box.
conductor
strong
insulator
transparent
opaque
soft
weak
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
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Ms. C. Hamnett
Q2.
(a) The diagram shows the voltage-current graphs for three
different electrical components.
Which one of the components A, B or C could be a 3 volt
filament lamp? Explain the reason for your choice.
..................................................................................................
(3)
(b)
Using the correct symbols draw a circuit diagram to show
how a battery, ammeter and voltmeter can be used to find the
resistance of the wire shown.
(3)
(c)
When correctly connected to a 9 volt battery the wire has a
current of 0.30 amperes flowing through it.
(i)
Give the equation that links current, resistance and
voltage.
..........................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Calculate the resistance of the wire. Show clearly how
you work out your answer and give the unit.
..........................................................................................
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Resistance = .........................................................
(3)
(iii)
When the wire is heated, the current goes down to 0.26
amperes. State how the resistance of the wire has
changed.
.........................................................................................
(1)
(Total 11 marks)
Q3.
During car journeys, the driver will often become
electrostatically charged.
This is more noticeable on dry days than on damp, humid days.
(a)
Explain what happens to cause the driver to become
charged.
..................................................................................................
(2)
(b)
Scientists were asked to find out whether the build-up of
charge on the driver depends on the type of material used to
make the driver’s clothes. The results of the investigation are
given in the table.
Material
Humidity
Temperature in C
Charge on the driver
in millicoulombs
Nylon
48%
18
3.0 to 3.2
Wool
48%
18
2.4 to 2.5
Cotton
48%
18
1.4 to 1.7
Humidity is a measure of how much water vapour the air can
hold.
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(i)
Why was it important that the scientists controlled the
humidity?
.........................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
Does the data in the table show that the charge on the
driver would always be less if they were to wear cotton
clothing?
Give a reason for your answer.
.........................................................................................
(1)
(Total 4 marks)
Q4.
The diagram shows a simple type of car rear window heater.
The six heating elements are exactly the same.
Each heating element has a resistance of 5 Ω. The current passing
through each element is 0.4 A.
(i)
Calculate the total resistance of the six heating elements.
Show clearly how you work out your answer.
..................................................................................................
Total resistance = .............................. ohms
(2)
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Ms. C. Hamnett
(ii)
Why is the current passing through each element the same?
..................................................................................................
(1)
(iii)
What is the total current passing through the whole circuit?
..................................................................................................
(1)
(iv)
How is the 12 volt potential difference of the car battery
shared between the six heating elements?
………………………………………....................................
(1)
(Total 5 marks)
Q5.
A small torch uses a single cell to make the bulb light up.
(a)
Label the symbol for a cell and the symbol for a bulb (lamp)
(2)
(b)
The graphs show the voltage across two different types of
cell as they transfer the last bit of their stored energy through
the torch bulb.
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Ms. C. Hamnett
Describe the differences that the graphs show between the
two types of cell.
..................................................................................................
(3)
(c)
The diagram shows how bright the torch bulb is for different
voltages.
From the point when the voltage of each cell starts to fall,
how long will the bulb stay lit:
(i)
with the ordinary cell?
..........................................................................................
(ii)
with the nicad cell?
..........................................................................................
(4)
(Total 9 marks)
Q6.
(a) An appliance in a house has a transformer. The
transformer is used to reduce the voltage to the level needed
by the appliance.
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Ms. C. Hamnett
The diagram shows the transformer.
(i)
Name the material used for the core of the transformer.
..........................................................................................
(1)
(ii)
The transformer has 10 000 turns on the input side and 2000 turns on
the output side. If the mains voltage of 240 volts is applied to the input,
calculate the output voltage. You may find the following information helpful:
..........................................................................................
(3)
(b)
Explain, in terms of magnetic fields, how a transformer works.
..................................................................................................
(4)
(c) A 12 V car battery is connected to the input leads of the
transformer. It is hoped to reduce the voltage to 2.4 V in order
to run a small motor. When the output voltage is measured it
is found to be zero.
Explain why the output voltage is zero.
..................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 10 marks)
Q7.
The diagram shows the fuel gauge assembly in a car.
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Ms. C. Hamnett
•
•
•
•
•
•
(a)
The sliding contact touches a coil of wire and moves over it.
The sliding contact and the coil form a variable resistor.
The sliding contact is connected to a float via a pivot.
The fuel gauge indicator is an ammeter.
When the petrol level changes, the resistance of the circuit
changes.
This causes the pointer in the fuel gauge indicator to move.
Use standard symbols to draw a circuit diagram for the fuel
gauge assembly.
(3)
(b)
How will the current in the circuit change as the level of petrol in the
tank falls?
..................................................................................................
Explain the reason for your answer.
..................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 5 marks)
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