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Cardiovascular System (Heart) Immediate and short term effects of exercise Be able to define and explain each: Increased heart rate Systolic/diastolic blood pressure Increased blood pressure Long term and effects Be able to define and explain each: of regular exercise Cardiac Output (HR x SV = CO) Decreased resting HR Faster recovery Increased stroke volume Increased size of heart Effects on blood pressure Healthy veins and arteries Rest Diet Recreational Drugs Useful definitions Required for adaptation to take place Time to recover before next session Effects on blood pressure Effects on cholesterol HDL & LDL Effects of alcohol and smoking/nicotine on blood pressure Heart Rate Stroke volume Cardiac Output Blood Pressure Respiratory System (Lungs) Immediate and short term effects of exercise Be able to define and explain each: Increased breathing rate Increased depth of breathing Oxygen Debt Long term and effects Be able to define and explain each: of regular exercise Increased lung capacity/volume Increased vital capacity Recreational Drugs Effects of alcohol and smoking/nicotine on the alveoligaseous exchange Oxygen Debt Useful definitions Breathing Rate Vital Capacity Tidal Volume Muscular System Name all muscles (deltoid, trapezius, latissimus dorsi, pectorals, biceps, triceps, abdominals, quadriceps, hamstrings, gluteals, gastrocnemius) Role of muscles and Agonist how they work Antagonist Immediate and short Be able to define and explain each: term effects of isometric and isotonic contractions exercise responses – increased fuel/energy demands, lactic acid, muscle fatigue Long term and effects Be able to define and explain each: of regular exercise increased strength increased size/hypertrophy Risk of injuries muscle strain muscle atrophy(due to injury and inactivity), treatment using common techniques e.g. R.I.C.E Rest Required for adaptation to take place Time to recover before next session Diet effects of protein in building and repairing muscles Performance use of steroids to aid muscle building and recovery Enhancing Drugs Isometric Useful definitions Isotonic Agonist Antagonist Skeletal System Movement support protection Ranges of movement Hinge joint (elbow and knee) Flexion & Extension Ball and Socket joint at (shoulder & hip) flexion, extension, rotation, abduction, adduction Long term and effects Be able to define and explain each: of regular exercise Increased bone density Increased strength of ligaments and tendons Importance of exercises such as walking, running, tennis and aerobics weight-bearing to prevent osteoporosis exercise Diet effect of calcium and vitamin D on bones Potential for injuries Fractures compound, greenstick, simple, stress Joint injuries tennis elbow & golfer’s elbow, dislocation, sprain, torn cartilage Treatment - RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation) Osteoporosis Functions of the skeleton Useful definitions