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Student Resource Sheet ESS - 9 PLANETARY PUZZLERS!?! on e To pass the time between stops, your team decides to make up some riddles about the planets in our solar system. Someone asks, “What’s green and blue, and has an average diameter of 12,756 kilometers?” Sure, everyone got that one. Another member asks: “What orbits the sun once every 687 days, and has the largest volcanoes in our solar system?” Okay, that’s a little harder. “Just one more,” someone else says. “What’s about the same size as Earth, shows evidence of volcanic activity, but is so hot you wouldn’t be able to live?” While you might not have known all of the answers, you realize that you will need to know the characteristics of the different planets in order to complete your book or presentation. In this investigation, you will learn more about the characteristics of the inner planets in order to answer each riddle, and gather additional information from your book or presentation. Objective When you have completed this investigation, you should be able to analyze characteristics of the planets in order to describe how surface features provide evidence of geologic activity. Activity 1: Predicting the Answers! 1. Review Chart 1, “Planet Riddles,” to reread the riddles presented in the introduction. 2. Predict the name of the planet which will answer each of the riddles. Record your predictions in the spaces provided. Chart 1 Planet Riddles Riddle Which planet is green and blue, and has an average diameter of 12,756 kilometers? Which planet orbits the sun once every 687 days, and has the largest volcanoes in our solar system? Which planet is about the same size as Earth, shows evidence of volcanic activity, but is so hot you wouldn’t be able to live? Predicted Planet Activity 2: Finding the Answers 3. Review Chart 2, “The Terrestrial Planets,” to identify the characteristics of the planets you will be researching. 4. Utilize resources in order to identify characteristics of the four inner planets. 5. Complete Chart 2 using information from the resources. Which columns might you need to double check to make sure that the information is accurate and up to date. I will need to double-check ______________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ESS - 63 6. Student Resource Sheet ESS - 9 Review the predictions you made in Activity 1. Determine the accuracy of your predictions. Use information from the investigation to support your response. ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ Analysis 1. Complete the graphic organizer to compare the four terrestrial planets. Similarities among ALL terrestrial planets All made of rock and metals. Have major geologic features. Unique Characteristics for each terrestrial planet Mercury:____________________________________ Venus: _____________________________________ Earth: ______________________________________ Mars: ______________________________________ 2. Write a riddle for the planet Mercury. Your riddle must include details about the geologic activity that is occurring on Mercury, and how Mercury is a part of a larger system. (3 clues) ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ What planet am I? ESS - 64 Student Resource Sheet ESS - 9 CHART 2: THE TERRESTRIAL PLANETS Planet Avg. distance from sun (millions of km) Diameter (km) Period of Rate of Revolution Rotation (Earth time) (Earth Time) Number of Satellites (moons) Surface Temp. (C) Dominant Geologic Features Atmospheric (i.e., water, volcanoes, Gases crustal deformations, etc.) Craters Mercury 57.9 4,878 0.24 years 59 days 0 (88 days) Venus 108.2 12,104 - 170ºC to 450ºC - 274ºF to 842ºF 0.62 years 243 days 0 (224 days) (retrograde.. 460ºC 860ºF 12,756 1 Year atmosphere Dense Metals (Iron/Nickel) (sodium) Carbon Dioxide Nitrogen 24 hours 1 (365.2 days) - 89ºC to 57.7ºC Nitrogen - 128.2ºF to 135.9ºF Oxygen Avg (14ºC) (57.2 ºF) Mars 227.9 6,794 1.9 years (687 days) 2 1.03 days Phobos Diemos - 140ºC to 20ºC Carbon Dioxide Nitrogen - 220ºF to 68ºF Argon Giant Volcano: Maat Mons Many volcanos and broad plains formed by lava flows volcanos, deserts, oceans, plains, mountains, plateaus, lakes, canyons, valleys, ice caps only planet with water in all 3 states (solid liquid, gas) Active volcanoes; surface covered with lava deep canyons possibly formed by fault zones Iron rich soil (red) Polar ice caps Olympus Mons ESS - 65 Student Resource Sheet ESS - 9 ESS - 65 149.6 Flat Plains (Greenhouse Effect) backwards) Earth Almost no