Download 9.3 C. Classical Civ Golden Ages

3-C. Classical Civilizations
Golden Ages
Greece, Gupta, Han, Maya, Roman
GOLDEN AGES
Pax, Achievements, Golden Age
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Greece
Gupta
Han
Maya
Rome
Golden Age: Greece
The Persians & Greeks: Crash Course World
History #5
Censor:
5:50-5:57
Golden Age
starts at 6:35
First Historians
• Herodotus = “father of history”
– Traveled a lot in Persian Empire and Greek
colonies
– Checked reliability of sources; interviewed people
• Thucydides
– Peloponnesian War
– Rejected idea that gods influence human affairs
First Scientists
• Greeks: world ruled by natural laws and
humans can figure it out through reason and
observation
• Greeks: studying maths could lead to absolute
truth and eternal knowledge
First Scientists
• Thales (astronomy)
• Pythagoreans (geometry and humbers)
• Hippocrates (“father of medicine”)
Athenian Empire
• Liberated Greek citystates held by Persia
• “Age of Pericles”
• Direct democracy
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–
–
–
Male citizens
Meet each 10 days
Ostracism
Rebuilding project in
aftermath of war
destruction
• 300,000 pop.
– ~1/3 slaves
• Economy = farming and
trade
– 50-80% of grain
imported
• Family structure
• Women
Age of Pericles
Age of Pericles
Peloponnesian war
• 431-405 BCE
1. What was the effect of
the Persian invasion on
Greece?
2. What is important about
the battle of Marathon?
3. What started the Greek
golden age?
4. What limits were there
to Athenian democracy?
5. What modern
government ideas
started in Athens?
Athens
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Period of peace and prosperity – 30 years “Athenian Golden Age” a.k.a “Age of
Pericles” 480 BCE-404 BCE
Empires connect their districts with protected road/communication networks –
Athenian navy dominates Aegean
Empires develop a bureaucracy to manage the empire and divide it into
administrative districts such as provinces or satrapies –
4. Cultural diffusion occurs through trade – Greek products spread through
Aegean, Mediterranean, Black Sea – Athens imports grain, exports artisan goods
like pottery, olive oil, wine
Empires enjoy accomplishments in the arts, literature, sciences, philosophy, and
architecture at their height – See next page…
The language of the dominant culture or trading people become a “lingua
franca” for the region – Greek, koine Greek, becomes language of politics and
commerce in the region
There is a social hierarchy with limited social mobility – Athens divided into
citizens, “metics” (free foreigners allowed in – professionals, merchants,
artisans), slaves
Summary Achievements
• Form of Government
– Direct democracy (Athens)
– The Polis
• Philosophers
– Socrates
– Plato
– Aristotle
• Historians
– Thucydides
– History of the Persian Wars by Herodotus
• Olympic games & Theater
– Iliad and Odyssey by Homer
• Greek language, architecture (The Parthenon), sculpture,
science ETC!
Golden Age: Gupta
Gupta mathematicians
•developed the concept of
zero
•developed the decimal
system based on the
number 10.
number writing system
•created a number writing
system that was later
adopted by the Islamic
Empire.
– Arabic Numerals = number
writing system used
throughout the world today.
Gupta architecture
•stone temples to the
various Hindu gods.
•Buddhists built shrines to
house the remains of select
holy people.
–called Stupas.
•form of architecture made
its way to China where it
was altered slightly and
renamed the pagoda.
Golden Age: Han
Pax Sinica
• strong administrative
machinery, strong
leader Wudi (141-87
BCE)
• government
monopolies in certain
critical commodities,
such as salt, alcohol,
and iron
Pax Sinica
• recruitment of a highly
educated administrative
elite, a new version of
the shi.
• Confucianism
– moral guidance and
restraint on the ruler,
– could be overthrown
based on Mandate of
Heaven
Han Wudi
• 156 - 87 BCE
• vast territorial expansion
• strong and centralized
Confucian state
• greatest emperor of the
Han dynasty
• one of the greatest
emperors in Chinese
history.
• Made Han Dynasty one of
the most powerful
• reign lasted 54 years
1. What commodities
did government
control under Wudi?
2. What was
government control
designed to prevent?
3. What did they
decide after the
Debate on Salt and
Iron?
silk road
• silk from China westward
• glass, linen, and gold from the West
The Silk Road and Ancient Trade: Crash Course
World History #9
Golden Age: Roman
The Roman Empire. Or Republic. Or...Which
Was It?: Crash Course World History #10
“Good” Emperors
• Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, Marcus Aurelius
– Trajan = increase empire to largest size
– Pius = prosperity
– Aurelius = bigger prosperity
Roman Rule
• Professional governors instead of Senate
appointment of proconsuls
• Emperor = head of religion
– Worshipped as a god
• Law reform
– Jus gentium
– Jus civile
• By 200 CE all = jus civile
– Generally state more impt. than
individ. BUT indiv. had defined
rights.
• Professional standing army loyal
to emperor
– Costly – had to cut back
Roman Civilization
• Pax Romana
– Trade
– Rise standards living
• For the few – the many still poverty
– Achievements arts, sciences,
architecture
• Romans = great copy cats
– Unique: aqueduct, brick,
mortar/cement
• Language
• - Latin = lingua franca Europe
• Literature
– Cicero, Ovid, Horace, Virgil