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CHAPTER 6: HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT HUMAN RESOURSE MANAGEMENT DEFINITION • Function within an organization • Strategic and comprehensive approach to managing people, workplace culture and environment • Focuses on recruitment, management and providing direction for the people who work in the organization • Can be performed managers by first-line COMPONENTS OF HRM SYSTEM Pay and benefits Performance appraisal & feedback Recruitment & selection • High performing employees should be rewarded with raises, bonuses • Provides information about motivate and reward workers how to train, • Develop a pool of qualified applicants Training & development • Ongoing process to develop worker’s abilities and skills Labour relations • Managers need an effective relationship with labour unions that represent workers STRATEGIC HRM DEFINITION • Linking of human resources with strategic goals and objectives • Accepting and involving HR function as a strategic partner in the formulation and implementation of company’s strategies Linkage between HR policy and practices and organizational strategic aim and environment Organizing schema linking individual HR interventions Responsibility for the management of HR is devolved down the line Key features of SHRM Definition of staffing • Process of acquiring, deploying and retaining a workforce of sufficient quantity and quality to create positive impacts on the organization’s effectiveness • Series of steps that is performed continuously in order for an organization to obtain suitable candidates to hold suitable positions at a suitable time STAFF-HIRING PROCESS Human Resource Planning Hiring / Recruitment Selection Induction and Orientation Training and Career Development Performance Evaluation Employee Termination / Separation THEORIES OF MOTIVATION 1 • Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs 2 • Herzberg’s Dual-Factor Theory 3 • Theory X & Theory Y 4 • Expectancy Theory 5 • Equity Theory 6 • Reinforcement Theory MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS Selfactualization Esteem Affiliation Security Physiological HERZBERG’S DUAL-FACTOR THEORY THEORY X & THEORY Y EXPECTANCY THEORY EQUITY THEORY REINFORCEMENT THEORY Power of praise Office environment Managing for productivity Disciplinary guidelines in workplace Setting goals MANAGING KNOWLEDGE AND TALENT KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT TALENT MANAGEMENT -Process of capturing, developing, sharing and effectively using organizational knowledge -Anticipation of required human capital for an organization and the planning to meet those needs -It refers to a multi-discipline approach to achieving organizational objectives by making the best use of knowledge -Science of using strategic HR to improve business value and to make it possible for companies and organizations to reach their goals CHAPTER 7: LEADERSHIP DEFINITION OF LEADERSHIP Process of leading and influencing team members in job-related activities Interactive process whereby leaders and their followers engage in a mutual interaction Reciprocal relationship between those who choose to lead and those who decide to follow CONCEPT OF LEADERSHIP People Influence Goals EFFECTIVE LEADERSHIP ROLES Visioning & setting an example Empowering & energizing Leading team Create an inspiring vision and shared values Inspire & energize people Involve everyone, use team approach Lead change Empower people Coach, bring out the best in your people Lead by example Communicate openly Encourage group decision Demonstrate confidence Listen, support & help Monitor progress, but don’t micromanage CHARACTERISTICS OF MANAGERS Someone who was given their authority by the nature of their role Focus on tactical activities Have a more directive and controlling approach Able to organize people to accomplish tasks CHARACTERISTICS OF LEADERS Inspire and motivate employees to drive themselves Leader’s authority is innate in their approach More behavioural in nature Focused on change Transactional leaders Types of leaders Transformational leaders Charismatic leaders Behavioural theories Trait theories Contingency theories Principal theories of leadership LEADERSHIP STYLES Authoritarian Laissez-faire Democratic LEADERSHIP MODELS Managerial Grid Vroom-Jago Leadership Model Hersey and Blanchard’s Situational Model Path-goal Theory MANAGERIAL GRID VROOM-JAGO LEADERSHIP MODEL HERSEY AND BLANCHARD’S SITUATIONAL MODEL Relationship Behaviour High Participating Style Selling Style Delegating Style Telling Style Low Low High Task Behaviour PATH-GOAL THEORY LEADERSHIP AND CULTURE Culture affecting leadership • Negative cultures can undermine positive leadership and negative leadership can have fast affect on positive culture Culture as a function of leadership • Ethics of the leader became a central part of the culture Leadership can have impact on culture • Be passionate, get networked with the organization, value what the leader recognize CHAPTER 8: COMMUNICATION AND INTERPERSONAL SKILLS WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? • Communication is the transfer of information between two parties, the receiver and • the sender WHAT IS COMMUNICATION? Stoner, Freeman and Gilbert • Communication is one of the process whereby humans try to share meaning through the delivery of symbolic messages Bernard • Communication is a process of exchanging ideas, opinions and information that have certain objectives and are presented personally or nonpersonally through the use of symbols or signals with the objectives of achieving organizational goals ELEMENTS IN COMMUNICATION Understanding Listening Talking Carry out thoughts and visions of organization to employees IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION Provide synchronization Convey directions FORMS OF COMMUNICATION 1 • Top to bottom communication 2 • Bottom to top communication 3 • Horizontal communication 4 • Cross communication COMMUNICATION PROCESS Sender Encoding Channel Disturbance/ Barriers Feedback Receiver Decoding BARRIERS TO EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION Noise Semantics Language routines Lying and distortion Perceptual differences Language differences Filtering of information Poor listening Information overload Discussion boards Chat room Email Listservs Communication Technologies Blogs COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE Cultures are created through communication Cultures are a natural by-product of social interaction Social interaction – relationship, group, organization or society