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Transition from the Middle Ages to the Renaissance Feudal Pyramid King Lord Vassal Knight Serf or Peasant or Townspeople Decline of Feudalism ► 1. Attacks on the Church ► 2. The Black Death ► 3. The Hundred Years War The Church Weakens ► 1. 2. 3. Medieval Monarchs opposed the Church’s political power because: Clergy and monasteries did not pay royal taxes. $ sent to Rome instead of Royal treasury Church courts competed with royal courts Church officials interfered in political matters. Church Weakens ► Babylonian Captivity (1309 -1378) ► The Great Schism 1378 ► * One Pope in Avignon, one in Rome ► Demands for reform ► * John Wycliff ► * John Huss Picture from John Wycliff’s Bible THE TRIUMPH OF DEATH Pieter Brueghel "the Elder" (c.1530-1569) The Black Plague ► Forms: pneumonic plague; septicemic plague; bubonic plague ► Spread – Silk Road through Gobi Desert • Began in Sicily in 1347, hit Russia within 6 years Factor that led to spread = Ignorance BLACK PLAGUE KILLED 1/3 OF THE POPULATION The Black Plague On the Left: The second pandemic of the Black Death in Europe (1347-51) Joan of Arc Hundred Years War War between France and Great Britain ► 1337-1453 ► English were winning for first 90 years due to advancements in technology. Long bow Cannons Mercinaries ► 1429 Joan of Arc led French Forces ► Absolute rule instituted by Louis XI Medieval Marketplace Town Life Middle Ages - towns were small and based on agriculture; people lived in the countryside - nobles held most power; owned land and provided knights for protection - Status determined by birthright ► ► - - - Renaissance towns grew society began to be based on commerce; people moved to cities Middle class gains power; limited power of feudal lords through charters; organized banks Status determined by wealth and ability Growth of Italian City States Rise of Renaissance ►1. Growth of Cities ►2. Rise of Merchant/Middle class ►3. Rise of Humanism Renaissance Definition: FIVE THEMES ►Individualism Rebirth of ancient ►Worldliness Greek and ► Learning Roman art, learning and ►Antiquity culture ►Reform Humanism Individualism: - belief in the human potential Learning: -studied Greek, Latin, astronomy, math, literature, history Petrarch ANTIQUITY- ANCIENT GREEK AND ROMAN CULTURE Age of Discovery ►Worldliness ►1492 Columbus sailed the ocean blue Protestant Reformation ►Reform: -challenge the old order -rise of secularism