Download Battery Balancing Technique for Multilevel Inverter

ISSN XXXX XXXX © 2016 IJESC
Research Article
Volume 6 Issue No. 8
Battery Balancing Technique for Multilevel Inverter Applicable in
PV Energy System
Rahul A kula1 , D.Srin ivas 2 , Vijaya Lakshmi Vemuri3
PG Scholar1 , Associate Professor2, 3
Depart ment of EEE
Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology, India
Abstract:
The PV power generation have low effectiveness because of the different obliges. This paper gives another proposed technique to
enhance the execution of the PV framewo rk. The PV cell is jo ined with Mult i Level Inverter (M LI). With a specific end goal to
enhance the proficiency and for ma king the power generation accessible to the network M LI is utilized. M LI have developed as
alluring high power mediu m voltage converter to diminish harmonic part in the yield current because of filter. In the proposed
MLI there are 3-H span inverters to accomplish the 7-level yield voltage. The input of every individual inverter is
straightforwardly associated with a battery. The mix of batteries can be controlled by batteries' voltages to actualize the b attery
adjusting capacity.
Index Terms: A mult ilevel inverter, battery balancing, PV system, M PPT
1. INTRODUCTION
The electrical phenomenon system contains a non -linear
current-voltage and power-voltage characteristics that
unceasingly varies with irradiation and temperature. so as to
trace the unceasingly varying most electrical outlet of the
solar panel the MPPT (maximu m power point tracking
management technique plays associate important role within
the PV systems. The task of a most power point pursuit
(MPPT) network in a very electrical Pheno menon (PV)
system is to unceasingly tune the system so it attracts most
power fro m the solar panel in spite of weather or load
conditions. Two existing drawbacks encountered whereas
generating power fro m PV systems are the primary one that
the potency of electrical power generation is extremely lo w,
particularly underneath low radiation states, and also the
alternative downside is that the quantity of electrical power
generated by star arrays is often dynamic with weather
conditions
.
II. PV S YS TEM WITH MPPT CONTROL
The operation of MPPT cannot be PERTURB AND
OBSERVE The P&O rule is additionally referred to as “hillclimb ing”, while both names discuss with an equivalent rule
looking on however it ’s implemented. Hill-climbing consist
of a perturbation on the duty cycle of the ability convertor
and P&O a perturbation within the operating voltage of the
DC lin k between the PV array and also the power convertor
achieved unless a tunable matching network is used to
interface the load to the PV array. The main constituent
components of a PV system are power stage and controller as
shown in fig.1. The power stage is realized using switch
mode DC-DC converters (boost, buck-boost), employing
PWM control. The control parameter is duty ratio δ.
With in the case of the Hill-climbing, perturb the duty cycle
of the ability convertor implies modify ing the voltage of the
DC link between the PV array and also the power convertor.
In this methodology, the sign of the last perturbation and also
International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August 2016
the sign of the last increment within the power are wont to
decide what following perturbation should be on the left of
the MPP incrementing the voltage will increase the ability
whereas on the correct decrementing the voltage will increase
the ability.
Fig.1 PV System with MPPT
III.CIRCUIT TOPOLOGY
Multilevel converters are today wide adopted the essential
plan is that the dc link voltage may be split between
completely different capacitors, wh ich may offer intermed iate
voltage levels between the reference potential and also the
dc-lin k voltage. Varied solutions concerning five-level
single-phase
2815
http://ijesc.org/
As a consequence, the form of the modulation index m of the
ability converter is extremely like the grid voltage waveform.
The output voltage of the converter will be written as Vout =
mVdc. Betting on the modulation index p rice, the power
converter is going to be driven by completely different PWM
ways. As a matter of truth, it's potential to spot four in
operation zones as shown in fig 6.
If there is an Increment within the power, the perturbation
ought to be unbroken within the same direct ion and if the
ability decreases, then the next perturbation should be within
the other way. Based on these facts, the algorithmic rule is
enforced. The method is repeated till the MPP is reached.. A
theme of the algorith mic ru le is shown in Figure 4.
Fig6: Modulation index waveform
Exp lain ing the four different PWM zones as stated For each
zone, the output voltage levels of the power converter will be
different, as shown in Table I.
Table1: Expected output Voltages in Different Zones
Fig. 4 Flowchart for P & O A lgorith m
Topologies are there however considering the benefits of the
projected system. Its principle of operation with projected
PWM management is bestowed thoroughly.
A. PROPOS ED FIVE LEVEL S INGLE PHAS E
SOLUTION
The planned device is shown in Fig.5. Th is device design,
called the H6 Bridge, was originally developed together with
an acceptable PWM strategy, so as to stay constant the output
common-mode voltage in case of a transformer less electrical
converter for electrical phenomenon applications.
ZONES
OF
OPERATION
OF
PROPOS ED
CONVERT ER MODEL
The principle operation of the projected resolution is shown
for an entire amount of the grid voltage, i.e., of the
modulation index. Th roughout the positive semi period the
transistors T1 and T4 are ON and T2 and T3 are OFF. In
Zone 1, T5 is OFF and T6 co mmutates at the change
frequency, whereas in Zone two T5 co mmutates at the
change frequency and T6 is ON. Throughout the negative
semi amount the complete bridge changes configuration, with
T1 and T4 OFF and T2 and T3 ON. With similarity to Zone
one and a couple of, in Zone three T5 commutates whereas
T6 is OFF, and in Zone four T5 in ON and T6 co mmutates.
Fig 5: proposed five level full bridge topology
In steady-state conditions, as a result of the low drop across
the inductance low frequency of the output filter, the output
voltage of the converter includes a basic element very near
the grid voltage. The frequencies of those two voltages area
unit identical, whereas the amp litude and their section
displacement area unit solely slightly comp letely different.
International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August 2016
Fig7: gate signal generation victimization planned PWM
technique for complete cycle of A C output.
The controlled power switches that are ON throughout the
entire PWM amount are substituted by a solid line, whereas
devices that are OFF throughout the entire PWM periods
don't seem to be displayed in fig8 respectively.
2816
http://ijesc.org/
MOS FET SW ratings
ON state resistance, R_on= 1mOh m
Snubber parameters
Rs=0.1mOh m
Cs=1M F Load resistance,
RL =10Oh m
SIMULATION CIRCUIT
Fig 8: the current path for Zone 1during active phase
Fig9: the current path during active phase for Zone 2
In Zone one the change of the transistor T6 changes the
output worth between +VMP is provided by the low facet
condenser as seen in Fig three.1 and zero V throughout the
freewheeling section each diodes D1 and D2 square measure
ON, for every dead fundamental quantity of concerning three
to 5µs. In Zone two T6 is ON and therefore the change of T5
changes the output voltage from +Vdc to +VM.
Figure: 11. Simul ation circuit
PV CELL MODEL
Fig 10: freewheeling phase during dead time.
It should be discovered that solely an electronic transistor is
switch for each zone. What is more, the anti-parallel diode of
each power switch isn't used permitt ing the utilizat ion of
MOSFETs for all the transistors.
V S IMULATION RES ULTS:
Simu lation is performed using MATLAB/SIM ULINK
software. Simulink library files include inbuilt models of
many electrical and electronics components and devices such
as diodes, MOSFETS, capacitors , inductors, motors, power
supplies and so on. The circuit co mponents are connected as
per design without error, parameters of all co mponents are
configured as per requirement and simulation is performed.
Figure :12. PV cell model
SIMULATION PARAMET ERS
Battery vol tages:
Battery-1: 48V
Battery-2 : 48V
Battery-3 : 48V
International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August 2016
2817
http://ijesc.org/
WAVEFORMS
mu ltilevel inverter with battery balancing technique is to
reduce both voltage & current THD of the inverter & PV side
voltage imbalances. The circuit topology, modulation law and
operational principle of the proposed inverter are analyzed in
detail using simu lation study
VI. REFER ENCES
[1] T. Hirose and H. Matsuo, “Standalone hybrid wind–solar
power generation system applying du mp power control
without dump load,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 59, no.
2, pp. 988– 997, Feb. 2012
.
[2] H. Kanchev, D. Lu, F. Co las, V. Lazarov, and B.
Francois, “Energy management and operational planning of a
microgrid with a PV-based active generator for smart grid
applications,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 10, pp.
4583–4592, Oct. 2012.
[3] Z. Haihua, T. Bhattacharya, T. Duong, T. S. T. Siew, and
A. M. Khambadkone, “Co mposite energy storage system
involving battery and ultracapacitor with dynamic energy
management in microgrid applications,” IEEE Trans. Power
Electron., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 923– 930, Mar. 2011.
A)
PV input voltages
[4] H. Qian, J. Zhang, J. S. Lai, andW. Yu, “A high efficiency grid-tie battery energy storage system,” IEEE
Trans. Power Electron., vol. 26, no. 3, pp. 886– 896, Mar.
2011.
[5] S. Kouro, M. Malinowski, K. Gopaku mar, J. Pou, L. G.
Franquelo, B.Wu, J. Rodriguez, M. A. Pérez, and J. I. Leon,
“Recent advances and industrial applications of multilevel
converters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 8, pp.
2553–2580, Aug. 2010.
B) Output voltage
[6] C. Abbey and G. Joos, “Supercapacitor energy storage for
wind energy applications,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., vol. 43,
no. 3, pp. 769– 776, May/Jun. 2007.
[7] B. Y. Chen and Y. S. Lai, “New digitalcontrolled
technique for battery charger with constant current and
voltage control without current feedback,” IEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron., vol. 59, no. 3, pp. 1545–1553, Mar. 2012.
[8] L. R. Chen, C. M. Young, N. Y. Chu, and C. S. Liu,
“Phase-locked bidirectional converter with pulse charge
function for 42-V/14-V dualvoltage PowerNet,” IEEE Trans.
Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 5, pp. 2045– 2048, May 2011.
[9] Y. H. Liu and Y. F. Luo, “Search for an optimal rap idcharging pattern for Li-ion batteries using the Taguchi
approach,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 12, pp.
3963–3971, Dec. 2010.
[10] L. R. Chen, “Design of duty-varied voltage pulse charger
for imp roving Li-ion batterycharging respons e,” IEEE Trans.
Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 2, pp. 480–487, Feb. 2009.
C) Load side Current, voltage and power
V. CONCLUS ION
This paper gives the clear idea about the cascaded mult ilevel
inverter topology for PV cell. The voltage level of the PV
panel is imp roved using mult ilevel inverter. The proposed
International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August 2016
[11] J. J. Chen, F. C. Yang, C. C. Lai, Y. S. Hwang, and R. G.
Lee, “A high-efficiency mult imode Li-ion battery charger
with variab le current source and controlling previous -stage
supply voltage,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vo l. 56, no. 7,
pp. 2469–2478, Jul. 2009.
2818
http://ijesc.org/
[12] L. R. Chen, C. S. Liu, and J. J. Chen, “Improving phaselocked battery charger speed by using resistancecompensated technique,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56,
no. 4, pp. 1205–1211, Apr. 2009.
[13] L. R. Chen, R. C. Hsu, and C. S. Liu, “A design of a
grey-predicted Li-ion battery charge system,” IEEE Trans.
Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 10, pp. 3692–3701, Oct. 2008.
[14] L. R. Chen, J. J. Chen, N. Y. Chu, and G. Y. Han,
“Current-pu mped battery charger,” IEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron., vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2482–2488, Jun. 2008.
[15] M. Pahlevaninezhad, J. Drobnik, P. K. Jain, and A.
Bakhshai, “A load adaptive control approach for a zero voltage-switching dc/dc converter used for electric vehicles,”
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 920–933, Feb.
2012.
[16] H. Fakham, D. Lu, and B. Francois, “Power control
design of a battery charger in a hybrid active PV generator
for load-following applications,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron.,
vol. 58, no. 1, pp. 85– 94, Jan. 2011.
[17] S. Vazquez, S. M. Lukic, E. Galvan, L. G. Franquelo,
and J. M. Carrasco, “Energy storage systems for transport
and grid applications,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57,
no. 12, pp. 3881–3895, Dec. 2010.
equalization applications,” IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol.
21, no. 5, pp. 1213–1224, Sep. 2006.
[25] M. Uno and K. Tanaka, “Influence of high-frequency
charge–discharge cycling induced by cell voltage equalizers
on the life performance of lithiu m-ion cells,” IEEE Trans.
Veh. Technol., vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 1505– 1515, May 2011.
[26] A. Shu kla, A. Ghosh, and A. Joshi, “Fly ing-capacitorbased chopper circuit for DC capacitor voltage balancing in
diode-clamped mu ltilevel inverter,” IEEE Trans. Ind.
Electron., vol. 57, no. 7, pp. 2249–2261, Ju l. 2010.
[27] A. C. Baughman and M. Ferdowsi, “Double-t iered
switched-capacitor battery charge equalizat ion technique,”
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 2277– 2285,
Jun. 2008.
[28] J. Pereda and J. Dixon, “High-frequency link: A solution
for using only one DC source in asymmetric cascaded
mu ltilevel inverters,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no.
9, pp. 3884–3892, Sep. 2011.
[29] S. Mekhilef and M. N. A. Kadir, “Novel vector control
method for threestage hybrid cascaded multilevel inverter,”
IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 58, no. 4, pp. 1339– 1349,
Apr. 2011.
Author profile:
[18] K. Jin, M . Yang, X. Ruan, and M. Xu, “Th ree-level
bidirectional converter for fuel-cell/battery hybrid power
system,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 6, pp. 1976–
1986, Jun. 2010.
[19] A. Xu, S. Xie, and X. Liu, “Dynamic voltage
equalization for seriesconnected ultracapacitors in EV/HEV
applications,” IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., vol. 58, no. 8, pp.
3981–3987, Oct. 2009.
[20] Y. Yuan mao, K. W. E. Cheng, and Y. P. B. Yeung,
“Zero-current switching switched-capacitor zero-voltage-gap
automatic equalization system for series battery string,” IEEE
Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 7, pp. 3234–3242, Ju l.
2012.
[21] S. H. Park, K. B. Park, H. S. Kim, G. W. Moon, and M.
J. Youn, “Singlemagnetic cell-to-cell charge equalizat ion
converter with reduced number of transformer windings,”
IEEE Trans. Power Electron., vol. 27, no. 6, pp. 2900– 2911,
Jun. 2012.
[22] H. S. Park, C. E. Kim, C. H. Kim, G. W. Moon, and J. H.
Lee, “A modularized charge equalizer for an HEV lithiu mion battery string,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 56, no. 5,
pp. 1464–1476, May 2009. 1978 IEEE TRANSA CTIONS
ON INDUSTRIA L E.
[23] P. A. Cassani and S. S. Williamson, “Design, testing,
and validation of a simplified control scheme fo r a novel
plug-in hybrid electric vehicle battery cell equalizer,” IEEE
Trans. Ind. Electron., vol. 57, no. 12, pp. 3958– 3962, Dec.
2010.
Rahul Akula was born in India in
1992. He received his bachelor’s
degree from PIRM EC fro m Jawaharlal
Nehru
Technology
University
Hyderabad, Telanagna in 2014. He is
currently
pursuing
Master
of
Technology in Electrical Power
Systems (EPS) fro m Vi dya J yothi
Institute of Technolog y, Aziz Nagar Gate, C.B. Post, and
Hyderabad-75 fro m the same university.
D. SRINIVAS
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
VJIT ([email protected])
He is working as an Associate Professor
in Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology
since 2006. He has published National
and International papers in Electrical
Power Systems. His areas of interest are High Vo ltage
Engineering and Electrical Power Systems.
Vijaya Lakshmi Vemuri
ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR
VJ IT (vijayal [email protected] n)
She is working as an Associate Professor
in Vidya Jyothi Institute of Technology
since 2012. Her published National and
International papers in Power Electronics
and Elect ical Drives and Electrical Power
Systems. Her areas of interes t are Electrical Power Systems
and Power Electronics.
[24] Y. S. Lee and G. T. Cheng, “Quasi-resonant zerocurrent switching bidirect ional converter for battery
International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, August 2016
2819
http://ijesc.org/