Download Chapter 1 New World Beginnings 33,000 B.C. – A.D. 1783

Chapter 1
New World Beginnings
33,000 B.C. – A.D. 1783
2 2 5 M i l l i o n Ye a r s A g o –
Pangaea started to
break apart
GEOLOGICAL CHANGES
• 10 million years ago North America was shaped by nature
• 2 million years ago Great Ice Age
• 35,000 years ago the sea level dropped leaving an isthmus
connecting Asia and North America (Bering Strait)
• 10,000 years ago ice started to retreat and melt which once again
covered the land bridge from the Old World to the New World
EARLIEST AMERICANS
• Maybe 50 million
people arrived
• Incas in Peru
• Mayans in Central
America
• Aztecs in Mexico
• Pueblos in Southwest
America
THE VIKINGS
• 1000 AD Norsemen
land at New Found land
Leif Ericson
On their way to conquer the Holy Land, the Crusaders
discovered many goods not found in Europe.
(Silks, perfumes, spices, sugar, drugs)
CHRISTIAN
CRUSADERS
How to get the goods to Europe?
MARCO POLO AND HIS EXPLORATION
OF CHINA?
Indirect discoverer of the New World
Wrote a book describing rose tinted pearls and golden pagodas
EUROPEANS ENTER AFRICA
• People of Europe were
able to reach subSaharan Africa around
1450 when the
Portuguese invented the
caravel, a ship that
could sail into the wind.
This ship allowed sailors
to sail back up the
western coast of Africa
and back to Europe.
PORTUGUESE SLAVE TRADE
• ESTABLISHED trading posts
along the African coast
• TRADED SLAVES AND
GOLD
PORTUGUESE SLAVE TRADE BEGINS
MODERN PLANTATION LABOR SYSTEM,
BEGINS AFRICAN DIASPORA
EARLY PORTUGUESE EXPLORERS
• 1488
• Bartholomeau Dias
• Rounds the tip of Africa
VASCO DE GAMA
• In 1498 reaches India
MEANWHILE THE NATION STATE OF SPAIN WAS UNITED BY THE MARRIAGE OF
FERDINAND AND ISABELLA, AND WITH THE EXPULSION OF THE MOORS. SPAIN
WANTED TO CHALLENGE PORTUGAL FOR EXPLORATION AND COLONIZATION
SUPREMACY.
CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS
• From Italy, by way of Portugal, Columbus gets leaders of Spain
to finance voyage of discovery. In his three ships, Nina, Pinta
and Santa Maria, Columbus sails west to get east.
• He lands in the Bahamas in 1492.
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
• As a result of
Columbus's voyages
four continents are
impacted.
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
• Europe provided the
markets, capital and
technology (printing
press, mariner’s
compass and caravel)
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
• Africa provided the
labor
• New World offered raw
material….especially the
soil
COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
New World
Old World
• Gold / Silver
• Corn /potato / pineapple /
tomato / tobacco /beans /
vanilla / chocolate
• Syphillis
• Wheat / sugar / rice / coffee
• Horses / cows / pigs
• Smallpox / measles /
bubonic plague / influenza /
typhus / scarlet fever
SPAIN V. PORTUGAL
• Treaty of Tordesillas Spain and Portugal
divided up “their claims”
to the known world
• Spain claimed land to the
West of Europe while
Portugal claimed East
towards Asia and Africa.
• Portugal also had a claim
to what would be modern
day Brazil.
SPANISH CONQUISTADORS
• Gold, God and Glory
• Vasco Nunez Balboa
discovers Pacific Ocean.
• Ferdinand Magellan is
first to circumnavigate
the globe, actually only
his ship Victoria makes
it back.
SPANISH CONQUISTADORS
• Juan Ponce de Leon
searches in Tierra
Florida, or land of the
flowers.
• Think Fountain of Youth
SPANISH CONQUISTADORS
• Francisco Coronado
explores in Southwest
America searching for
fabled seven cities of
gold (Cibola)
SPANISH CONQUISTADORS
• Hernando de Soto
explores the Mississippi
River while Francisco
Pizarro (pictured)
conquered the Incas of
Peru
SPANISH CONQUISTADOR HERNANDO
CORTES CONQUERED AZTECS, WHO
WERE LED BY EMPEROR MONTEZUMA
THE SPANISH IN THE NEW WORLD
St. Augustine 1565
Sante Fe New Mexico 1609
EXPLORERS SONG