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Name____________________________ Class __________________ Date __________ Respiratory Systems of Land Vertebrates Land vertebrates use lungs to breathe. In most land vertebrates, air moves in and out through the same passageways, including the nostrils, mouth, throat, and trachea. Nostrils, mouth, and throat Trachea Trachea Nostrils,mouth, and throat Lung Lung Salamander Lizard Trachea Nostrils, mouth, and throat Nostrils, mouth, and throat Lung Trachea Pigeon Primate Lung Air sacs Use the diagrams to answer the questions. 1. How are salamander and lizard lungs different? 2. In mammalian lungs, gas exchange takes place in which structures? Circle the correct answer. lungs gills 3. What is the function of air sacs in the pigeon? © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 329 Name____________________________ Class __________________ Date __________ Vertebrate Circulatory Systems Vertebrates that use gills have single-loop circulatory systems. Vertebrates that use lungs have double-loop circulatory systems. In a single-loop system, the heart pumps blood to the gills or lungs. In double-loop systems, blood returns to the heart and is then pumped to the body. Draw arrows showing the path of blood through the circulatory systems of the animals shown. Gill capillaries Lung capillaries One ventricle Two atria Heart Heart One atrium One ventricle Body capillaries Fish Lung capillaries Body capillaries Amphibian Two atria Heart Two ventricles Body capillaries Mammal Use the diagrams to answer the question. 1. Which vertebrate shown has the simplest circulatory system? © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 330 Name____________________________ Class __________________ Date __________ Vertebrate Brains Vertebrates have complex brains made up of several parts. Each part has a different function. For example, the medulla oblongata controls the functioning of many internal organs. Look at the diagrams of the bony fish and amphibian brains. Then color the remaining diagrams according to the prompts below. • Color the olfactory bulb purple. • Color the optic lobe blue. • Color the medulla oblongata yellow. • Color the cerebellum red. • Color the cerebrum orange. Olfactory bulb Cerebrum Optic lobe Cerebellum Medulla oblongata Bony Fish Reptile Amphibian Bird Mammal Use the diagrams to answer the question. 1. Which vertebrate has the most complex cerebrum? © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall. 331
