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Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Skills Worksheet Critical Thinking Work-Alikes In the space provided, write the letter of the term or phrase that best describes how each numbered item functions. _____ 1. endosperm a. postal mail b. plastic wrap c. a helicopter blade d. a meal e. an airplane runway f. a roof g. gloves _____ 2. flower markings _____ 3. pine seed wing _____ 4. plant cuticle _____ 5. pollen grains _____ 6. seed coat _____ 7. sepals Cause and Effect In the space provided, write the letter of the statement that best matches each cause or effect given below. Cause Effect 8. _______________ These plants are relatively small in size. 9. Spore capsules open when spores are mature. 10. Diploid sporophytes produce haploid spores by meiosis. __________________ __________________ d. Seed plants have specialized structures within which seeds develop. 11. _______________ They develop within tissues of gametophytes. 12. _______________ They are the most successful of all plants. e. Water-conducting cells of mosses carry water only short distances. a. Spores grow into haploid gametophytes. b. They are carried away by wind or water. c. Seed plants do not release their spores. Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Biology 25 Plant Diversity and Life Cycles Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Critical Thinking continued Trade-Offs In the space provided, write the letter of the bad news item that best matches each numbered good news item below. Bad News Good News _____ 13. Some seeds can survive drought and cold winters. _____ 14. Conifers have needle-like leaves that limit water loss. _____ 15. Wind-pollinated flowers do not need insects for pollination. _____ 16. Gymnosperm cones close after pollination and protect their seeds until the seeds are mature. a. They are usually found only in cool, dry regions. b. Most seeds will not sprout until growing conditions are favorable. c. The process can take up to two years. d. The plant has to make a lot of pollen to ensure pollination. e. They must be covered with a film of water to reproduce. _____ 17. Seedless vascular plants thrive in moist, shady places. Linkages In the spaces provided, write the letters of the two statements that are linked together by the statement in the middle. The choices can be placed in any order. a. Pollination occurs. b. Nonvascular plants have eggs and sperm on separate plants. c. Seeds are produced by plants. d. Pollen grains stick to them. e. Flowers attract insects, bats, and birds. f. Competition between parents and offspring is reduced. g. Sporophyte generation produces spores to make gametophytes. h. Gametophyte generation produces gametes (egg and sperm). i. Sperm swim and fertilize an egg. j. Heavily-scented white flowers open only at night. 18. _______ Pollen grains stick to them. _______ 19. _______ Seeds disperse by wind, water, and animals. _______ 20. _______ Film of water is needed. _______ 21. _______ Gametes fuse to form a sporophyte. _______ 22. _______ Bats and moths feed on their nectar. _______ Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Biology 26 Plant Diversity and Life Cycles Name ______________________________ Class___________________Date__________________ Critical Thinking continued Analogies An analogy is a relationship between two pairs of terms or phrases written as a : b :: c : d. The symbol : is read as “is to,” and the symbol :: is read as “as.” In the space provided, write the letter of the pair of terms or phrases that best completes the analogy shown. _____ 23. cuticle : conserve water :: a. vascular system : grow b. water : pollinate c. seed : dispersal d. wax : anchor to soil _____ 24. first plants : osmosis :: a. angiosperms : flowers b. gymnosperms : cones c. gymnosperms : leaves d. vascular plants : conducting tissue _____ 25. gametophytes : gametes :: a. nonvascular : antheridia b. gametes : water film c. sporophytes : spores d. liverworts : mosses _____ 26. angiosperm : flowers :: a. gymnosperms : cones b. triploid : haploid c. angiosperms : gymnosperms d. ovules : ovary _____ 27. dicot embryo : two cotyledons :: a. corn : shoot hook b. monocot embryo : one cotyledon c. angiosperm : embryo d. angiosperm : mature seed _____ 28. archegonium : eggs :: a. gametophytes : spores b. sporophytes : antheridium c. sporangium : alternation d. antheridium : sperm _____ 29. gametophyte generation : nonvascular plants :: a. xylem and phloem : nonvascular plants b. sporophyte generation : vascular plants c. gametophyte generation : vascular plants d. xylem : phloem _____ 30. ferns : seedless vascular plants :: a. club mosses : seed plants b. angiosperms : seedless vascular plants c. angiosperms : seed plants d. horsetails : seed plants Original content Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. Additions and changes to the original content are the responsibility of the instructor. Holt Biology 27 Plant Diversity and Life Cycles