Download Written by Faith T

Written by Faith T
There are many different systems involved during
the exercising process. These systems work together
to keep our body moving. It is vital that these
systems are healthy and have nutrients and energy.
These systems are called the respiratory system, this
is the system involving breathing. The second system
is the circulatory system, this system includes the
heart and pumping blood around to body cells. Last
is the muscular system it is another system, this
includes the muscles and how they move.
The respiratory system is the first system that is included
during exercise. This system helps provide our body with the
oxygen it needs and disposes of the carbon dioxide that we
don’t need.
BREATHEING
The first thing that happens in the respiratory system is
breathing. Breathing is when we inhale (breathing in)
oxygen and exhale (breathing out) carbon dioxide. It is vital
that we breathe because we need oxygen to stay alive.
Therefore, your body automatically breathe all the time.
After we breathe in, the air travels down the trachea (also
called wind pipe).which is made out of 20 C - shaped hoop of
cartilage. Inside the trachea there are microscopic hairs
called cilia, they move gently while you are breathing to
catch mucus and dirt that could damage your lungs. Your
trachea is connected from your mouth and nose to the lungs.
During all this, there is a main key part to the breathing
process. It is a dome shaped muscle call the diaphragm.
This muscle help us breathe, without it we wouldn’t breathe
or be alive. The diaphragm is located underneath the lungs.
When we breathe the diaphragm contracts (flattens out) to
make room for the lungs to expand. And relaxes when
we exhale and it then pushes carbon dioxide out.
LUNGS
After, the air travels down the trachea it then enters the
lungs. Our lungs are located in the chest where they rest on
top of the diaphragm, behind the rib cage. These lungs are
protected by the rib cage.
Our lungs are pink and squishy like a sponge, the lift lung is
smaller then the right lung, it is because to make room for
the heart which is behind it. The pleura membranes are two
slick layers that cover the lungs. It helps move the lungs
when you breathe in and out, it separated by fluid that
allows them to slide around easily.
The fist part in the lungs is the broncas, it is connected to
the trachea. That is where the trachea spits into two, one in
to each lungs. These are the main tubes to the lungs. It job is
to allow air in from the trachea to the bronchioles and out.
The second part in the lungs are the bronchioles, it’s
connected to the broncas. The bronchioles are tiny tubes,
the thickness of a hair. It keeps getting smaller and smaller,
there are 30,000 in each lung. The purpose of the
bronchioles is for air to travel in and out.
The third most important part in the lungs is the alveoli,
they are a clump at the end of each bronchiole. There are
600,000,000 in the lungs. These alveoli are teeny tiny air
sacs that fill up with air when you breathe. These alveoli
allow oxygen to pass into the blood. They are surrounded by
tiny blood vessels called capillaries.
BLOOD
The blood is anther part in the respiratory system. The
blood vessels are called capillaries. These capillaries are so
small that blood cells travels in single file. Here oxygen is
transferred to blood cells from the alveoli. When they are
filled with air they are called oxygenated, they also transfer
carbon dioxide to the lung to be exhale.
Exercise
Finally, when you exercise the entire system accelerates
therefore you breathe faster and deeper. Did you know when
you exercise your body needs 3 litres of air or more, 50
times or more every minute? This is because your body
needs more oxygen.
Another system included in exercising is the
muscular system. this is where muscles and bones
plays a part in helping our bodies move and do
easy tasks like running and writing. Also other
muscles do complex tasks which is the heart,
intestines and liver. They are important in our lives,
without them we wouldn’t be able to move.
Types
There are 3 types of muscles, these types of muscles
are called the voluntary, involuntary and cardiac
muscle. The first types of muscles is called the
voluntary muscle also known as the skeletal muscle.
Voluntary muscles are very adaptable, they can be
used in different ways like writing and exercising
also in different situations. Voluntary muscles are
connected to our bones, for example, bi-ceps and triceps. They are controlled by thoughts. This is when
the brain sends impulses instructing for them to
move.
The second type of muscles are called the
involuntary muscle. This muscle is known as the
smooth muscle. Involuntary muscles move without
conscious thoughts, they are controlled by the
autonomic nervous system. Vital body processes
like the heart, breathing, digesting (stomach and
intestines) are using involuntary muscles. We need
them to survive. They are the hollow structures in
the body like the intestines, stomach etc.
The last type of muscle is called the cardiac muscle,
another name for it is the heart. It is classified as
an involuntary muscle .However it’s like a skeletal
muscle on the outside, but it is smooth on the inside.
Appearance
Each type of muscle has a different appearance, like
the smooth and skeletal muscle. Smooth muscles has
a smooth surface. But have a reddish appearance
like a skeletal muscle.
Skeletal muscles are different to the smooth muscles.
They are half the bodies weight, there is more than
640 in the body. Because of blood in them they
appear red in colour. There are different layers in
skeletal muscles , the superficial layer which is the
layer just under the skin and the second layer is the
deep layer . Some muscles have 3 layers, this is
called the medial layer. They come in different
shapes and sizes, but they are all the same on the
inside. Most muscles are slim, but some have
different shapes like for example the abdominal wall,
they are broad and wide. Not like the pectorals
which is a fan shaped muscle. All muscles are like
flat sheets of triangles. There are many interesting
fact about muscles. Your biggest muscle is your
bottom, the scientific name for it is called the gluteus
maximus and your thigh muscle are 30 cm in length.
Parts
There are different parts in in different types of
muscles. skeletal muscles are made of fibres which
are buddled together. Each one is slightly smaller
than a hair, each fibre is made of dozens of smaller
parts called fibrils. They are bound together by a
connective tissue called epimysium. They are
divided into groups by a sheath called perimysium
and each one contains thinner threads. Within group
each fibre is surrounded by endomysium
(connective tissue). Every group of fibres has blood
vessels around them. The bigger the muscle the more
the fibres it has. Skeletal muscles are striated
(striped) at microscopic level. Skeletal muscles from
the shoulders to the feet are attached to the bone by
the tendons. They are located at the end of muscles.
Tendons are strengthened by a strong thick fibre or
collagen. Skeletal muscles become thinner or tapers
away when connecting to tendons. Surprisingly
tendons are stronger than super glue.
The second muscle is called the smooth muscle, they
also have fibres but they are not striated. This is
what makes them smooth. Smooth muscles are
made of groups of smaller muscle cells that help
them to move differently. They also don’t have
tendons like skeletal muscle, and they don’t help the
movement of the body, however they are the hollow
structures in the body. These need to move, for
example the gut, intestines and without it you
wouldn’t be alive.
The Cardiac muscle also has different parts from
the other muscles. It has its own fibre, its fibre s
are a special form of striated fibres. They are only
found in the heart and adjoining vessels, they are
arranged in a spiral pattern, this is because they
help to squeeze blood though. The cardiac muscle
doesn’t have tendons because it is constantly
moving by it self.
Movement
Different muscles have different movements, because
this depends on their job. Skeletal muscles move with
conscious thoughts. You think about moving them
then your brain sends an impulse (instruction)
travelling along the nerve from the brain ,then your
muscle move s, it’s that quick that you don’t
remember. When you move your muscle they
contract, but they cannot get longer. When skeletal
muscle s contract it shortens to 70% of the relaxed
length. Skeletal muscles are adaptable, they exert a
small force for example like picking up a feather
and a great force, like picking up a heavy object.
They tire easily and need a period of rest after
contracting. They use glucose (sugar) as fuel.
Skeletal muscles can react to certain things almost
instantly, this is reflexes.
Smooth muscles move without thought, they are
controlled by the autonomic system. They’re
involved in the regulation of your body’s internal
environment. They contract in a gradual
synchronised manner, much slower than skeletal
muscles. They move in a wave like motion in some
organs e.g. the gut and intestines. They also regulate
(choose) the size of lumens in blood vessels. All
smooth muscles are tireless, they keep a steady
contraction for a long period of time. They are
working all the time, for example they are used in the
eyes controlling the size of the pupils and lens,
digestion and in the skin, they react to hair and skin
feelings. They also respond to stress and changes
body function for different situations for example
being nervous or excited.
The Cardiac muscle moves without thought, even
though it is striated like skeletal muscles. It is
tireless, it works all the time. It speeds up and slows
down when needed. It also contracts like a wave to
push blood along. The cardiac muscle has the
ability to contract spontaneously, it will also beat for
a short time when removed from the body.
Exercise
When we exercise we use the skeletal and cardiac
muscles, these muscles move quicker than when they
are resting, we also consciously think to move our
muscles quicker. Muscles need more glucose(sugar)
as well, as they are using more energy. That is why
it is important to eat in the morning. They can tire
easily so, if they are over tired they can cramp. By
damaging your muscle fibre it builds up stronger
muscles . this is caused by your muscle fibres
tearing and when they heal they become thicker and
stronger. Other systems accelerate as you are using
energy and oxygen quicker. Your heart beats faster,
blood vessels transport more blood and breathing
become quicker.
There are 3 main system involved during exercise,
these are the respiratory, circulatory and muscular
system. However there are other systems included in
exercise. The skeletal system is the system about
bones and keeping our body upright, urinary system
which helps dispose of waste and last but not least
the integumentary system, this is about the skin and
how we keep cool. Without these systems our body
wouldn’t work or in fact we wouldn’t be alive.
Muscular System