Download Practice Midterm 2

1) During mitosis, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell during which phase: A) anaphase B) prometaphase C) telophase D) prophase E) metaphase 2) During mitosis, the first point at which the nuclear envelope disintegrates allowing microtubules to attach to kinetochores is during which phase: A) anaphase B) prometaphase C) telophase D) prophase E) metaphase 3) During mitosis, sister chromatids begin to separate during which phase: A) anaphase B) prometaphase C) telophase D) prophase E) metaphase 4) To be active a protein kinase that regulates cell cycle must be attached to _______. A) tubulin B) cyclin C) G1 checkpoint D) MPF E) Cdk 5) MPF is the combination of a cyclin and __________________. A) tubulin B) G2 checkpoint C) protein kinase D) actin E) Cdk 6) The combination of a cyclin protein and a protein kinase is called a ______________, which is involved in regulating the cell cycle. A) oncogene B) G2 checkpoint C) G1 checkpoint D) tumor suppressor gene E) Cdk 7) One hallmark characteristic of a cancer cell is: A) anchorage dependence B) normal cell cycle control C) anchorage independence D) expression of proto-­‐oncogene E) density-­‐dependent inhibition 8) You are an evil mastermind and wish to create a virus that will infect cells and transform them from normal cells into tumor (cancerous) cells. What method would you choose? A) create a virus that expresses a proto-­‐oncogene B) create a virus that expresses a G1 checkpoint protein C) create a virus that expresses an oncogene D) create a virus that expresses a tumor suppressor gene E) create a virus that expresses a G2 checkpoint protein 9) What kinds of mutations can convert a proto-­‐oncogene into an oncogene? A) gene amplification B) point mutation within a gene C) chromosomal translocation D) A and B E) A, B, and C 10) _________________________ separate during Meiosis I. A) chiasmata B) sister chromatids C) homologous chromosomes D) kinetochore microtubules E) diploid cells 11) _________________________ separate during Meiosis II. A) chiasmata B) sister chromatids C) homologous chromosomes D) kinetochore microtubules E) diploid cells 12) What type of cells are produced following Meiosis I? A) two diploid cells, each with identical genetic material B) two haploid cells, each with identical genetic material C) two haploid cells, each with distinct genetic material D) two diploid cells, each with distinct genetic material E) four haploid cells, each with distinct genetic material 13) One major feature of meiosis is the genetic variability that is generated. Which two mechanisms do you think would generate the most variability together? A) imprinting and crossing over B) independent assortment and genomic imprinting C) random fertilization and independent assortment D) independent assortment and crossing over genomic E) crossing over and random fertilization 14) For your birthday, you received a purple flowering pea plant. However, the friend that gave it to you did not know its genotype. You know you can figure it out by crossing it to a homozygous recessive white flowering (pp) pea plant. After performing the cross, you end up with ½ of the offspring having purple flowers and ½ the offspring having white flowers. What is the genotype of the plant you received for your birthday? A) PP B) pp C) Pp D) impossible to determine 15) For your birthday, you received a purple flowering pea plant. However, the friend that gave it to you did not know its genotype. You know you can figure it out by crossing it to a homozygous recessive white flowering (pp) pea plant. After performing the cross, you end up with all of the offspring having purple flowers. What is the genotype of the plant you received for your birthday? A) PP B) pp C) Pp D) impossible to determine 16) What provides energy for electrons to increase in potential energy to move from water to glucose?
A) ATP B) solar energy C) chlorophyll D) kinetic energy 17) An electron’s potential energy level is dependent on:
A) the charge of the electron B) Whether the atomic nucleus is positive or negative C) how far away the electron is from the nucleus D) whether the electron is oxidized or reduced 18) Which of the following statements is true about enzyme-catalyzed reactions?
A) The reaction is faster than the same reaction in the absence of the enzyme.
B) The free energy change of the reaction is opposite from the reaction that occurs in the absence of the
enzyme.
C) The reaction always release energy.
D) Enzyme-catalyzed reactions require energy to activate the enzyme.
E) Enzyme-catalyzed reactions release more free energy than non-catalyzed reactions.
19) How is ATP generated in cells without mitochondria?
A) Calvin Cycle B) Transport of ATP from other cells C) Substrate-­‐level phosphorylation D) The electron transport chain 20) Choose the two main inputs into the Calvin cycle:
A) CO2 and ATP B) NAD+ and ATP C) NADH and ADP D) NAD+ and CO 21) In the cross PpRRYy X PpRrYY, what fraction of the offspring will have white flowers and round, yellow seeds? (P = dominant allele for purple; R = dominant allele for round; Y = dominant allele for yellow) A) ¾ B) ½ C) ¼ D) 3/8 E) 5/8 22) In the cross ppRrYy X PpRrYy, what fraction of the offspring will have white flowers and round, green seeds? (P = dominant allele for purple; R = dominant allele for round; Y = dominant allele for yellow) A) ¾ B) 3/8 C) 5/16 D) 15/32 E) 3/32 23) If the genes for seed color (Yellow/green) and seed shape (Round/wrinkled) are on the same chromosome, and no crossing over occurs between the two genes, what would your phenotypic ratios be for the YyRr X YyRr cross? A) 1:2:1 B) 9:3:4 C) 3:1 D) 9:3:3:1 24) Paracrine signaling: A) involves secreting cells acting on nearby target cells by discharging a local regulator into the extracellular fluid. B) requires nerve cells to release a neurotransmitter into the synapse. C) occurs only in endocrine cells. D) has been found in plants but not animals. E) mediates signaling to distant cells. 25) From the perspective of the cell receiving the message, the three stages of cell signaling are: A) the paracrine, local, and synaptic stages. B) signal reception, signal transduction, and cellular response. C) signal reception, nucleus disintegration, and new cell generation. D) the alpha, beta, and gamma stages. E) signal reception, cellular response, and cell division. 26) One of the major categories of receptors in the plasma membrane reacts by forming dimmers, adding phosphate groups, then activating relay proteins. Which type does this? A) G protein-­‐linked receptor B) ligand-­‐gated ion channels C) steroid receptor D) receptor tyrosine kinases 27) Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of receptor leads directly to a change in distribution of Na+ on opposite sides of the membrane? A) receptor tyrosine kinase B) G protein-­‐coupled receptor C) phosphorylated receptor tyrosine kinase dimer D) ligand-­‐gated ion channel