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Sight For All Ophthalmology Investigation and Examination Techniques ______________________________________________________________________________ OPHTHALMOLOGY GLOSSARY A Accommodation: Property of the eye to change its refractive power so that the light rays are always focused on the retina, thus being possible to see at various distances Acoria: Congenital absence of the pupil due to iris imperforate Afferent pupillary defect: or Marcus-Gunn pupil. It is a sign of optic nerve disease. It does not confirm the acute nature of the complaint, but only that there is a different function between the two optic nerves. It could be acute or could have occurred a long time before. Aphakia: Absence of the lens from congenital or acquired cause. Alacrima: Absence of tears. Amaurosis: Severe reduction or total loss of vision due to an organic cause. Amblyopia: Reduced visual acuity without structural alteration of the eye. (Lazy eye) Ametropia: refractive defect in which the image from the infinite does not focus on the retina when the eye is at rest. Amsler grid: method of evaluation to see macular integrity, if some of the lines are distorted suggests AMD Angle kappa: Deviation of corneal light reflex in or out of central corneal due to the normal difference of the visual axis and anatomic axis between the central cornea and fovea. Anisocoria: unequal pupil size Anophthalmos: lack of eyeball. Ankyloblepharon: fusion of the eyelids especially in the outer edge AMD: age-related macular degeneration Arden index: electrooculographic parameter, which is determined by the maximum height of the potential in the light divided by the minimum height of the potential of the dark and multiplied by 100. Asthenopia: Eyestrain with or without front or periocular headache, feeling tired in situations requiring visual fixation of vision. It may have diplopia, and even blepharitis or symptoms such as vomiting and facial muscle contractures, among others. Astigmatism: Ametropia in which shows different refraction in the principal meridians of the eyeball by altering the corneal curvature. Asteroid hyalosis: numerous small spherical bodies form in the vitreous humor but do not affect vision, associated with increasing age. Also called Benson's disease. They move when the eye moves and return to their original position because they are fixed. Athalamia: no anterior chamber. Atricofridia: Total lack of eyebrow hairs B Blepharitis: Inflammation of the free edge of the eyelids. Blepharochalazis: atrophy of periorbital structures. Fat atrophy. Blepharoconjunctivitis: joint inflammation of the eyelid and conjunctiva. Blepharospasm: Spasmodic closure of the palpebral fissure Blepharophimosis: Decreased congenital or acquired eyelid horizontal diameter Bruckner: retinal reflex to 50 cms Buphthalmos: Enlargement of the eye in children due to congenital glaucoma. BUT: break up time. Tear film breakdown visible with fluorescein. > 10 sec normal. C Canthus: Name given to the angles formed by the inner eyelids or external nasal or temporal. Cataract: partial or total clouding of the lens that decreases visual acuity Chalazion: (meibomian cyst) small cyst on the eyelid resulting from chronic inflammation of a meibomian gland. Chemosis: inflammatory swelling of the conjunctival tissue surrounding the cornea Cover test: Evaluation of binocular function by occlusion and subsequent disclusion of an eye. If the covered eye moves outward and then inward is demonstrated the existence of a phoria. Cyanopsia: Blue vision Cycloplegia: paralysis of the cilliary muscle and accommodation. Cloropsia: Green Vision Coloboma: incomplete closure of the fetal ocular cleft. Cleft in some part of the eye. It may appear in the free edge of the eyelid, the iris (as default congenital). Color Blindness: Absolute blindness for color vision. Color blindness: congenital dyschromatopsia partial sex-linked recessive inheritance in which there is insensitivity to certain colors. The most common are insensitive to red (protanopia) and green (deuteranopia). Conjunctival hyperemia: engorgement of conjunctival vessels as a nonspecific response to a noxa. Conjunctival melanosis: conjunctival hyperpigmentation due to abundance of melanocytes. Conjunctivitis: Inflammation of the tarsal and bulbar conjunctiva by the action of infectious, allergic, toxic or mechanical agents manifested by eye itching, foreign body sensation, presence of follicles and / or papillae, hyperemia, tearing, photophobia and serous, fibrinous or purulent secretion. Convergence: convergence in which the visual axes of both eyes tend to coalesce. Corectopia: misplaced or ectopic pupils. Choroiditis: Inflammation of the choroid. Cryptophthalmos: when the eyelids can not be separated congenitally. CUP: cup-disc ratio Cupping: CUP increase. D Dacryoadenitis: Inflammation of the lacrimal gland. Dacryocystitis: infection of the lacrimal sac (no perforation of the lachrymal canal) Dacryostenosis: lacrimal duct stenosis Dellen: peripheral corneal thinning that occurs in areas of instability of the tear film. Dermatochalazis: redundancy and loss of elasticity of the skin of the eyelids. Descematocele: protrusion of Descemet's membrane Deuteronopia: changes in green color vision Diopter: A unit of power of a lens or optical system. Equals the reciprocal of the focal length of the optical system in meters. Diplopia: "Double vision" Perception of two images of a single object. (Mismatch of images on the retina) Dyscoria: asymmetry of the pupil Discromatopsias: changes in color vision Distichiasis: accessory eyelashes growing in the meibomian glands Divergence: convergence in which the visual axes of both eyes tend to separate. Drusen: accumulation of colloid material in the RPE characteristic of age-related macular degeneration. Duction: monocular movement. E E.C.C.E: extracapsular cataract extraction: surgical technique used in the treatment of cataract is the removal of the anterior capsule and the nucleus cristalinianos respecting the integrity of the posterior capsule, followed, eventually, the implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens. Ectropion: turning out or eversion of the eyelid Emmetropia: a state of proper correlation between the refractive system of the eye and the axial length of the eyeball, rays of light entering the eye parallel to the optic axis being brought to focus exactly on the retina. Endophthalmitis: an inflammatory condition of the intraocular cavities (i.e., the aqueous and/or vitreous humor) usually caused by infection. Noninfectious (sterile) endophthalmitis may result from various causes such as retained native lens material after an operation or from toxic agents. Enophthalmos: posterior displacement of the eye. Entropion: turning in of the edges of the eyelid (usually the lower eyelid) so that the lashes rub against the eye surface. Enucleation: removal of the eyeball Epibléfaron: skinfold prominently on the front of the tarsus, near the inner edge of the lower eyelid, which retracts the tabs to the eyeball. Epicanthus: vertical fold of skin on either side of the nose, sometimes covering the inner canthus. It is a normal characteristic in persons of certain races, but anomalous in others. Episclera: Layer of connective tissue located in the most superficial part of the sclera. Episcleritis: Inflammation of the episclera. Epiphora: excessive tear production, usually a result from an irritation of the eye. Clinical sign or condition that constitutes an insufficient tear film drainage from the eyes in that tears will drain down the face rather than through the nasolacrimal system. Eritropsia: Red Vision Escleromalasia: thinning of the sclera Evisceration: surgical technique involves removing the cornea and the entire contents of the eyeball respecting the sclera. Exophthalmos: is a bulging of the eye anteriorly out of the orbit. F Farnsworth test: detects changes in color vision; the patient should organize a series of colored discs according to a set sequence. Then the order of the disks is plotted on a pie chart where the degree of error is represented by points far from the center of the diagram. Flare: light beam scattering by proteins in anterior chamber Floaters: fine vitreous opacities that cause flies buzzing sensation Fluorescein angiography: A test that can assess the coroido-retinal vascularity by intravenous injection of fluorescein and observing its diffusion through a retinoscope provided with cobalt blue light. Focimeter: (lensometer) an optical instrument for determining the vertex power, axis direction and optical centre of an ophthalmic lens Fusion: Integration into a single perception of two images of an object formed by each eye. G Glaucosis: Blindness caused by glaucoma Gerontoxon: (senile arcus) partial or complete white ring in the corneal periphery. Gonioscopy: exploratory technique through which by a lens or prism, directly or indirectly, we can examine the chamber angle structures. Goldman lens: Gonioprisma for direct gonioscopy may have only one mirror inclined at 62° or three mirrors, one at 59 ° to the chamber angle, 67 ° for preecuatorial area, and 73 ° for the post equatorial zone of the retina. H Hard exudates: Deposit of lipoproteins in the retina as a result of serum exudation in the context of diabetic macular edema. Hyphema: Blood in the anterior chamber. Hyperopia: farsightedness is the result of the visual image being focused behind the retina rather than directly on it. It is may be caused by the eyeball being too small or the focusing power being too weak. Hypertelorism: abnormal increase of space between the eyes. Hipertricofridia: Excessive development of the hair of the eyebrows Hypopyon: pus in the anterior chamber Hippus: disorder consisting of exaggerated pupillary response to light stimuli or convergence Hirschberg: Reflection of light that is formed on the corneal surface and explored in primary gaze position with a light to 33 cm. It should be noted the symmetry in the formation of reflexes to detect ocular deviations. I I.C.C.E: intracapsular cataract extraction: surgical technique used in the treatment of cataract, based on the full removal of the lens and eventually intraocular lens implantation of anterior chamber. Iridescent vision: Rainbow Vision by corneal edema. Iridodialysis: separation or loosening of the iris from its root at the ciliary body, either from trauma or from surgical accident. Iridodonesis: tremulousness of the iris on movement of the eye, occurring in subluxation of the lens. Ishihara test: vision color test based on pseudo isochromatic plates; diagnostic method for congenital color problems (color blindness). Isocoria: Equality in the size of the pupils of the two eyes. J Jones type I: test to measure the functionality of the lachrymal drainage system. Fluorescein is used in the tear film and it is seeking to recover the dye from the inferior turbinate. Jones type II: test to measure the functionality of the lachrymal drainage system but using saline. The patient should feel the salty taste in the throat. K Keratitis: inflammation of the cornea Keratoconus: deformity of the cone-shaped cornea Keratoglobus: globe-shaped cornea Keratomileusis: Refractive keratoplasty in which a corneal flap is removed, frozen and remodeled to reimplant again. Keratometer: (ophthalmometer) instrument for measuring the curvature of the anterior surface of the cornea, particularly for assessing the extent and axis of astigmatism. Keratoscope: Instrument consisting of a circle of cardboard with black concentric rings used for the study of reflexes from the anterior surface corneal L Lagophthalmos: incomplete closure of the palpebral fissure LASEK: Laser subepithelial keratomileusis in situ Laser energy form in which all the photons are in phase and are transferred at the same wavelength. By impacting on the target tissue is absorbed by the pigment increasing temperature. Its name stands for the initials of Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation (light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). Laser Interferometer: Instrument to measure macular function through opacified refractive media (cataract) or in cases of retinal detachment with foveal involvement but transparent media. LASIK laser in situ keratomileusis Leukocoria: white pupil. (cataract, retinopathy, vitreous hyperplastic) Leukoma: white corneal opacity. Limbus: circular zone, slightly raised, which corresponds to the transition line between the cornea and sclera. Lisch nodules: iris hamartomas in Von Recklinghausen's disease. M Macrocornea: an unusually large cornea. Also called megalocornea. Macular hole: Degenerative disease of the macula in which a defect or part of the macular retinal thickness. Madarosis: lack or loss of eyelashes or eyebrows Macropsias: an illusion in which objects appear larger than their actual size. Meibomitis: inflamation of the meibomian glands. Metamorphopsia: a visual disorder in which images appear distorted in various ways. Microcornea: Horizontal corneal diameter <10.5mms Microspherophakia: small, round lens. Microphthalmos: small eye with abnormal function. Micropsias: Deformation related to the size of the objects (small) Mydriasis: Dilation of the pupil over a diameter of 4 mm. Myopia:(nearsightedness) refractive error in which the rays from the infinity converge at a point above the plane of the retina when the eye is at rest. Miosis: pupil with a diameter less than 2 mm. N Nanophthalmos: small eye with normal function. Nystagmus: Rhythmic and oscillating motions of the eyes. The to-and-fro motion is generally involuntary. Vertical nystagmus occurs much less frequently than horizontal nystagmus and is often, but not necessarily, a sign of serious brain damage. Nystagmus can be a normal physiological response or a result of a pathologic problem. O OCT: Optical coherent tomography of the retina. Optokinetic reflex: nystagmus that occurs when observing a moving object. It takes at least a vision of 20/400 to be present. Useful for assessing vision in newborns and infants. Orthophoria: The normal condition of balance between the muscles of the eyes that permits the lines of sight to meet at an object being looked at. P Panophthalmitis: Infection of all structures of the eyeball Pannus: superficial vascularization of the cornea with infiltration of granulation tissue Pachymetry: test to measure corneal thickness. Perimetry: determination and mapping of the limits of the visual field. Phacodonesis: detachment of the lens (lens movement). Phacoemulsification: Surgical technique of lens extraction by ultrasonic fragmentation and subsequent aspiration. Phoria: Trend misaligned eyes. Phosphenes: sensation of light caused by excitation of the retina by mechanical or electrical means rather than by light, as when the eyeballs are pressed through closed lids. Photopsias: appearance of sparks or flashes inside the eye due to irritation of the retina. Lightning in the periphery. Pinguecula: thickening of the connective tissue of the bulbar conjunctiva, usually nasal. Polycoria: multiple pupils Poliosis: "graying" early onset of grey hair on eyelashes, eyebrows, etc. Polyopsia (polyopsy): multiple vision; the seeing of one object as more than one. Presbyopia: Inability of the eye to focus sharply on nearby objects, resulting from loss of elasticity of the crystalline lens with advancing age. Protanopia: impaired color vision in red Pseudophakia: Intraocular lens presence after cataract removal Pseudopterygium: A pterygium of irregular shape that may appear at any part of the corneal margin of the eye and that occurs following diphtheria, a burn, or other injury of the conjunctiva. Pterygium: abnormal mass of tissue arising from the conjunctiva of the inner corner of the eye that obstructs vision by growing over the cornea. Phthisis bulbi: Atrophy of the eyeball Ptosis: drooping of the upper eyelid caused by muscle weakness or paralysis . Pupilloplasty: Modification of the size or shape of the pupil by applying argon laser impacts on the iris. R Radial Keratotomy: A surgical procedure in which multiple incisions are performed on the cornea from the periphery to the center, respecting the optical zone to correct nearsightedness. Retinal detachment (RD): separation that occurs between the neurosensory retina and retinal pigment epithelium whit fluid accumulating in the virtual space between the two. Retinal Detachment (RD) not rhegmatogenous: tractional retinal detachment or exudative. Retinal Detachment (RD) rhegmatogenous: Retinal detachment secondary to the existence of a retinal tear or hole through which the liquid passes to the subsensory space of the retina. Retinoschisis: is an eye disease characterized by the abnormal splitting of the retina's neurosensory layers, usually in the outer plexiform layer, resulting in a loss of vision in the corresponding visual field in some rarer forms. More common forms are usually asymptomatic. Rubeosis: iris neovascularization S Schirmer type I: measurement of tear volume total, <5mm abnormal. Schirmer Type II: measurement of stimulated secretion reflects irritation. Scleritis: Inflammation around the scleral thickness. Scotoma: absolute or relative area of depressed visual function surrounded by normal vision. Seidel: aqueous humor outflow through a corneal wound. Seidel test: A test that evaluates the integrity of the eyeball based on dilution of fluorescein in the area of perforation is positive when the output of the fluorescein washed aqueous humor of the corneal surface. Shaffer: cells in vitreous-like coffee powder, suggests retinal tear. Snellen chart: chart used to evaluate visual acuity based on the use of a few letters of a certain size which are separated by an angle of one minute of arc for a given distance. Spherophakia: antero-posterior diameter of the lens increased. Staphyloma: thinned part of the covering of the eye that causes protrusion Stereopsis: successful three-dimensional view from the binocular vision Strabismus: when the eyes do not have their axes parallel and look in different directions Soft exudates: small yellowish lesion on the retina surface. The size is less than ¼ of the papilla diameter. It is due to obstruction by necrosis of a terminal arteriole, with ischemia of the corresponding retina. Speculum: An instrument designed to keep the eyelids apart to expose the eyeball. Stye: infection of the glands of Moll (external), or Zeis or meibomian (internal). Sympathetic ophthalmia: panuveitis granulomatous that occurs in a healthy eye, secondary to perforating injury or surgery in the fellow eye. Symblepharon: adhesions between the bulbar and tarsal conjunctiva. Synechia: adhesion of the iris to the cornea (anterior) or lens (posterior). Synophrys: Eyebrows united Sinquisis flashing: cholesterol crystals in Vitreous Humor T Telecanthus: intercanthal increasing distance. Tonometry: Measurement of the intraocular pressure. Trachoma: A chronic disease of the conjunctiva and cornea caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. Trichiasis: misdirection of eyelashes toward the globe. Tritanopia: blue-yellow color blindness. Tropia: (strabismus) manifest deviation of an eye from the normal position when both eyes are open and uncovered. Tyndall: aqueous flare by increasing protein. U Uveitis: Inflammation of the uvea. V Vergence: simultaneous movement of both eyes in opposite directions to obtain or maintain single binocular vision Visual agnosia: disorders of cortical origin (not recognized) Visual Acuity: Ability to discriminate as different two points or objects nearby. Versions: coordinated movement of both eyes in the same direction. Viscoelastic: Refers to those substances with viscous properties, elastic and pseudoplastic (hialuronidato, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose). Vitrectomy: Surgical technique to remove some or all of the vitreous humor from the eye. Vitreous syneresis: Contraction of the vitreous gel separates liquid and solid components. W Worth lights: method of assessment of fusion in binocular vision necessary for stereopsis X Xanthopsia: Vision yellow with digitalis intoxication Xerophthalmia: dryness of cornea and conjunctiva malfunction. due to lachrymal glands Sight For All Ophthalmology Investigation and Examination Techniques _____________________________________________________________________________ ABBREVIATIONS USED IN OPHTHALMOLOGYSARY AND ABRE A/C or AC A1% ACC ACG ACIOL Add AION ALT AMD/ ARMD APD, RAPD ARx AT, PFAT AV AVx Ax B/binoc BCVA BDR BE/OU b.i.d/b.d BK BP BRAO BRVO C/D C/F C/S C1 CB CBB CC/PC/RFV cc CCT/Pachy CE CF @ XX ft CL/SCL/HCL anterior chamber atropine 1% anterior cortical changes/ cataract angle closure glaucoma anterior chamber intraocular lens amount of plus reading power (for bifocal/progressives) anterior ischemic optic neuropathy argon laser trabeculoplasty age-related macular degeneration Afferent papillary defect, relative afferent papillary defect Autorefraction Artificial tears, preservative- free artificial tears Anterior vitreous Anterior vitrectomy Axis [+/- number sphere] + [number cylinder] x [0-180 axis] Binocular Best corrected visual acuity Background diabetic retinopthy Both eyes Twice a day Band keratopathy Blood pressure Branch retinal artery occlusion Branch retinal vein occlusion Cup/disc ratio Cell/flare (graded 1+ to 4+) Conjunctiva/sclera Cyclogyl (cyclopentolate) 1% Ciliary body Ciliary body band Chief/patient complaint or reason for visit With refractive correction Central corneal thickness/pachymetry Cataract extraction Counts fingers (specify distance) Contact lens/soft /Hard CM CME CNV CNVM COAG CPC CRAO CRVO CRx Cryo CSCR CSM CSME CT CVF CWS Cyl D&Q D/M/V/P DALK DBH DF DFE DLK DV E (T) E ECCE ED EKC EOG EOM ERG ERM ET F+F FANG Focal FMH FOH GCA GH GVF H H/as Cyclomydril (for peds patients) Cystoid macular edema Choroidal neovascularization Choroidal neovascular membrane Chronic open angle glaucoma Cyclophotocoagulation Central retinal artery occlusion Central retinal vein occlusion Cycloplegic refraction Cryotherapy Central serous chorioretinopathy Central, steady, maintained Clinically significant macular edema diabetes) Cover test Confrontation visual fields Cotton wool spot Cylinder Deep and quiet Disc/macula/vessels/periphery Deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty Dot blot heme (hemorrhage) Descemet’s fold Dilated fundus exam Diffuse lamellar keratitis Distance vision Intermittent esotropia Esophoria Extracapsular cataract extraction Epithelial defect Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis Electrooculogram Extraocular muscles/ movement Electroretinogram Epiretinal membrane Esotropia Fixes and follows Fluorescein angiography Focal laser photocoagulation Family medical history Family ocular history Giant cell arteritis General health Goldmann visual field Horizontal Headaches (for HA HM @ XX ft HoT HT HVF I ICCE IDDM/NIDDM IK IO ION IOP IR IRMA JOAG K KC or KCN KCS KP L L/L Lag LASEK LASIK LCA LEE LF LME LHON LI/LPI LP c projection LP s projection LP LR M1 Meds MG MGD MGP MP/Mx MR MRD1 MRD2 Homatropine Hand motion (specify dis- tance) Hypotropia (add an apostrophe to indicate at near — e.g. ET’ means esotropia at near) Hypertropia Humphrey visual field (usually 30-2; need to specify if 10-2 or red target, etc) Iris Intracapsular cataract extraction Insulin-dependent/ non insulin-dependent Interstitial keratitis Inferior oblique Ischemic optic neuropathy Intraocular pressure Inferior Intraretinal microvascular anomalies Juvenile open angle glaucoma Cornea Keratoconus Keratoconjunctivitis sicca Keratic precipitate Lens/ left Lids/lashes Lid lag Laser epithelial keratomileusis Laser in situ keratomileusis, also laserassisted in situ keratomileusis (Hofstetter) Leber’s congenital amaurosis Last eye examination Levator function Last medical examination Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy Laser iridotomy/laser peripheral iridotomy Light perception with projection Light perception without projection Light perception Lateral rectus Mydriacyl (tropicamide) 1% Medications Myasthenia gravis Meibomian gland dysfunction Meibomian gland plugging Membrane peel/membranectomy Medial rectus Margin to reflex distance 1 Margin to reflex distance 2 MRx MS N2.5/N10 NAION NI NLP NPDR NRx NS NTG/LTG NV NVA NVD NVE NVG NVI OCT NFL OCT O.d OD/RE OH OHT OS/LE OU PAS PBK PCC PCIOL PCO PD PDR PDT PEE PEK PF PH Phaco/ ACIOL or Phaco/ PCIOL Phaco PHNI PION PK Manifest refraction Multiple sclerosis Neo-Synephrine (phenylephrine) 2.5% or 10% Non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy No improvement No light perception Non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy Near refraction Nuclear sclerosis Normal/low tension glaucoma Near vision Neovascularization of the angle Neovascularization of the disc Neovascularization elsewhere Neovascular glaucoma Neovascularization of the iris OCT of nerve fiber layer (optic nerve evaluation) Optical coherence tomography Once daily Right eye Ocular history Ocular hypertension Left eye Both eyes Peripheral anterior synechiae Pseudophakic bullous keratopathy Posterior cortical changes Posterior chamber IOL Posterior capsular opacity (post-cataract patients) Pupillary distance or prism diopter Proliferative diabetic retinopathy Photodynamic therapy Punctate epithelial erosion Punctate epithelial keratopathy/keratitis OR photo-electronic keratoscope (Hofstetter) Palpebral fissure Pinhole visual acuity Phaco with anterior chamber intraocular lens or posterior chamber intraocular lens Phacoemulsification Pinhole no improvement Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy Penetrating keratoplasty PKP POAG/ OAG POHS PPA PPV/Vx PRK p.r.n PRP PS PSC PVD Px/Pt PXE PXF q.h q.i.d R/R R Rc Rx RD RP RPE SB sc SL SLE SLK SLT SO SOAG Sph SPK SR SRNV SRNVM SS Sxs T Ta t.i.d TM TON Tp Penetrating keratoplasty Primary open angle glaucoma/open angle glaucoma Presumed ocular histoplasmosis Peripapillary atrophy Pars plana vasectomy/vitrectomy Photorefractive keratectomy When needed pan-retinal photocoagulation Posterior synechiae (designate location/clock hours) Posterior subcapsular cataract Posterior vitreous detachment Patient Pseudoxanthoma elasticum Pseudoexfoliation Every hour Four times a day Round/reactive (pupils) Retinoscopy/ right Cycloplegic retinoscopy Prescription Retinal detachment Retinitis pigmentosa Retinal pigment epithelium Scleral buckle Without refractive correction Schwalbe’s line Slit lamp exam Superior limbic keratoconjunctivitis Selective laser trabeculoplasty Superior oblique Secondary open angle glaucoma Sphere Superficial punctate keratopathy/keratitis Superior rectus Subretinal neovascularization Subretinal neovascular membrane Scleral spur Symptoms Tonometry Applanation (Goldman) tonometry Three times a day Trabecular meshwork Traumatic optic neuropathy Pneumotonometer Trab TRD UDFE UGH Ung V Va VF VH VMT WC/LS WRx X(T) X XT Trabeculectomy Tractional detachment Undilated fundus exam Uveitis glaucoma hyphema syndrome Ointment Vertical Visual acuity Visual field Vitreous hemorrhage Vitreomacular traction Warm compresses/lid scrubs Wearing Rx (currently worn eyeglass/contact lens prescription) Intermittent exotropia Exophoria Exotropia