Download Oton Felix Okon - Effect of Bioinvasion and Anthropogenic Factors

THE EFFECT OF BIOINVASION AND ANTHROPOGENIC FACTORS ON THE
ENVIRONMENT OF BADAGRY LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
AND WEST AFRICA.
PRESENTED BY
OTON FELI X OKON
CENTRE FOR ENVIRONMENT AND SCIENCE EDUCATION
LAGOS STATE UNIVERSITY
BADAGRY EXPRESSWAY, OJO,
PMB 1089, APAPA, LAGOS, NIGERIA.
E-mail [email protected]
http://www.lasu-cese.edu.org
CONTACT: IKOT OSUTE, ABAK MIDIM CLAN, ANAM, KM 18 EAST –
WEST ROAD, AKWA IBOM STATE.
WHAT IS BIOINVASION OR INVASIVE SPECIES ?
• NON-INDIGENOUS
SPECIES (e.g.
PLANTS AND ANIMALS)
• NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE SPECIES –
heavily colonize habitat.
- IUCN (Wikipidia,2009).
NON-NATIVE AND NATIVE SPECIES COULD BE DEFINED AS INVASIVE SPECIES OR
BIOINVASION. (e.g. INVERTEBRATE, VERTEBRATE, AND PLANTS).
• GROUP OF NON-NATIVE SPECIES.
USGS: htt://nas.er.usgs.gov
• GROUP OF NATIVE SPECIES
• NATIVE AND NON-NATIVE SPECIES.
SOURCE OF INVASIVE SPECIES
The “Root” roadmap event, that lead to introduction of
invasive species (Wright Donald , 2007).
BIOTIC INVASION – IS ONE OF THE FIVE TOP DRIVERS FOR GLOBAL BIOLOGICAL
DIVERSITY LOSS AND IS INCREASING BECAUSE OF TOURISM AND GLOBALIZATION
(WIKIPIDIA, 2009).
REGULATION OF BIOTIC INVASION
- SEVERE THREAT AND RISK TO INADEQUATELY REGULATING
FRESHWATER SYSTEM,
IMPACT OF BIOTIC INVASION
- QUARANTINES
BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY LOSSES AND
- BALLAST WATER RULES
CLIMATE CHANGE
- AVIATION
- IT, TELECOM, etc.
COMPOSITION OF INVASIVE SPECIES
• SPECIATION AND DIVERSITY OF ECOLOGY
- INVASIVE SPECIES TRAIT
(a) SOURCE OF SPECIES OF MANGROVE
PALM
(b) COMPOSITION SPECIES OF MANGROVE
(Wikipedia, 2009).
• HOW INVASIVE ORGANISM GOT TO NIGERIA AND WEST AFRICA
- ACCIDENTAL TRANSPORT
- BIOLOGICAL CONTROL
- AGRICULTURE/ HORTICULTURE
- EUROPEAN COLONIZATION
• EVOLUTIONARY EVIDENCE OF SPECIES
- DRIVERN INTO EXTINCTION BY VARIOUS COMPETITION OR PREDATION
• IMPLICATION OF INVASIVE ORGANISM INTRODUCED ON THE ENVIRONMENT
- CHANGE TO LOCAL ECOLOGICAL LANDSCAPE BY EXOTIC AND
- UNFAMILIAR CONDITION OF HABITAT
- CHALLENGE HEALTH OF ECOSYSTEM
- UNPRECEDENTED GLOBAL THREATH OF INVASIVE SPECIES.
METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH
THE IMPACT OF BIODIVERSITY LOSSES AND CLIMATE CHANGE
EXTINCTION RISK
(ORGANISM)
BIOTIC
SUSCEPTIBILITY
ABIOTIC
VULNERABILITY
MOLECULAR ANALYSES
• ITS REVEAL THAT WHAT WAS ORIGINALLY THOUGHT TO BE
SINGLE SPECIES WITH A NUMBER OF GEOGRAPHICALLY DISTINCT
POPULATION ARE REALLY TWO OR MORE SPECIES.
Basommatophora
nypa
Fossil range: 90 Ma
PreЄ
Є
MAJOR TRAIT
• BINOMIAL NAME
•
O
S
D
- LIVING FOSSIL SUCH A BASOMMATOPHORA NYPA SPECIES KNOWN ONLY FROM
FOSSIL RECORD TO BE PROKARYOTES AND EUKARYOTES, ABACTERIA CALLED
EUBACTERIA.
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
↓
Late
IMPACT OF GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
PHIL, J (SCIENCE SOURCE PHOTO,2009)
Cretaceous
Recent
Source: http//en.wikipidia.org.wiki.fossil
Source: OTON FELIX O, 2009.
–
BIOGEOGRAPHICAL REALM
AFROTROPICAL (FRESHWATER) BIODIVERSITY ECOSYSTEM
• MOLLUSCA - DOMAIN, ARCHAEA, BACTERIA,
EUCRYA.
-BASOMMATOPHORA NYPA SPECIES
• BASOMMATOPHORA
NYPA PALM
- GROWING PALM,
- “ROOT” HAS A CARROT LIKE SHAPE (HAVE ANTIGEN
OR MEDICINAL VALUE CAPABLE TO STOP CELLULAR
DAMAGE AND TO RESUSCITATE HUMAN HEALTH,
AGAINST THE BROKEN DOWN OF AN IMMUNES
SYSTEM).
- HUMAN CAUSE DISEASE, SUCH AS SALMONELLA
TYPHI TYPHOID FEVER, SCHOMISTOSOMIASIS OR
BILHARZIA, HIV/AIDS VIRUS, AND TREATMENT FOR
PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDER. ETC
BLUE-PURPLE COLOUR INDICATE THE
IMPACT OF CHANGING ENVIRONMENT OF
THE ECOSYSTEM OF MANGROVE PALM
-THE YELLOWISH OR REDDISH SAP IS MOSTLY EXTRACTED
FRUIT FIBER PASTEURIZER INTO ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGE
AND FERMENTED INTO ETHANOL.
- CELLULOSIC ETHANOL –BIOMASS, BIOFUEL
- LARGE SOURCE OF PALMITIC ACID, A FATTY ACID USED
IN PROCESS,
- IT HAS PLEASANT ODOUR FLAVOUR.
- FIBER IS USED TO FEED LIVE-STOCK
- FEATHERY LEAVES USED BY LOCAL POPULATION AS
ROOF MATERIAL(THATCHED HOUSE),
- MAKING BASKETERY AND CRAFT.
- IT HAS AESTHETIC VALUE TO THE ENVIRONMENT AND
LUXURIOUS WINTER RESORT.
- THE TIMBER IS HARD, HEAVY AND HIGHLY DURABLE
VALUE FOR CONSTRUCTION.
•BASOMMATOPHORA NYPA SNAIL
– USE FOR FOOD.
- ENHANCES HYBRID OF SPECIES OF BACTERIA CAUSE
DISEASES INCLUDES SALMONELLA TYHI TYPHOID FEVER,
SCHISTOSOMIASIS OR BILHARZIA ,ETC.
-FORM FUNGUS VIA BACTERIUM
- HYBRID OF TIGER MOSQUITOES AND GREEN ALGAE
CHLOROPHYLL.
-COMPLETE PART OF THEIR LIFE CYCLE WITHIN FRESHWATER
SNAIL.
-THE LARVAE OF THE PARASITE BURROW THROUGH THE
SKIN OF HUMANS AND MUTURE TO CAUSE SYMPTOMS OF
ILLENSS..
-STATE THAT PEOPLE ENGAGED PLANTING RICE CROPS OR
BATHING IN WATER CONTAINING SNAIL AND PARASITE ARE
ESPECIALLY AT RISK.
living fossil’ such as Basommatophora nypa species known only from fossil record to be
prokaryotes and eukaryotes organism that are bacteria called eubacteria.
ASSESSMENT TEST ON THE PERCEPTION OF INVASIVE SPECIES INTRODUCED ON
THE ENVIRONMENT OF BADAGRY LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA , ARE INTENSIFIED
47%
IT IS STILL A QUESTION OF UNFAMILIAR
CONDITION OF HABITAT. WHEN WILL IT
END ?
CONSERVATION OF ENDEMIC BADAGRY ESTUARY
REMEDIAL CAPACITY CARRIER.
REQUIRED SOLUTIONS WILL BE:
• AN INTENSIFIED GREEN ECONOMIC POLICIES AND COST
INTERACTION WILL ENHANCE GREENHOUSE GASES EMISSION.
- CLEANER GASOLINE AND EXTRACTION.
- RENEWABLE BIOFUEL ETHANOL AND BIODIESEL.
- BIOBEHAVIOUR, BIOENERGY, BIOGEOCHEMICAL
• RELATED TRANSFORMATION ENERGY, INDUSTRIAL, AGRICULTURAL
SECTOR AND TRANSPORTATION.
•STIMULATE FARM, CROP HARVEST INVESTMENT AND ECONOMICE
ACTIVITIES
THESE ARE SOMETIME SOME OF THE ACTIVITIES LED INTRODUCED NON-NATIVE SPECIES
TO BADAGRY LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA AND WEST AFRICA.
BIOGENIC APPROACH
• THE INHERITANCE OF TRAIT
- THE PRECEPTION OF HUMAN LED ALTERATION OF THE
ECOSYSTEM
a0 xn + a1xn-1 + ... + an-1x + a n = 0
- in which the coefficients
- can be any number,
- with the exception that
a0, a 1, ..., an
ax + b = 0
a0≠ 0.
DIVERSITY (GRAVITY MODEL OF MIGRATION)
ax2 + bx + c = 0
FURTHER CLASSIFIED ON THE BASIS OF OTHER CELLULAR
ATTRIBUTE:
AUTOTROPH --- CO2 AS SOLE CARBON SOURCE
HETEROPH --- ORGANISIC COMPOUND AS CARBON SOURCE
CHEMOLITHOTROPH --- CHEMICAL AS ENERGY SOURCE, ELECTRON DONOUR
PHOTOTROPH -- CAPABLE OF USING LIGHT AS ENERGY SOURCE
AEROBE --- CAPABLE OF USING O2 INSPIRATION, OBLIGATE, FACULTATIVE
MIRCROAEOPHILIC --- (<ATM PO2)
ANAEROBE – AEROTOTERANT ( REQUIRED BUT NOT HARMFUL), OBLIGATE (HARMFUL)
“RESILIENCE OF THE BRITISH GOVERNMENT TO STAMP OUT
SLAVE TRADE ON THE COAST OF WEST AFRICA
NOTWITHSTANDING”.
HOW CAN WE PAY TO SAVE THE SPECIES?
SHOULD MAN NOT GIVE RESPECT TO NATURE?
RE-THINK
- CUT DOWN UNEMPLOYMENT
- SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
- STRINGENT REGULATION OF STANDARD.
WHERE ARE THE INTEGRITY?
SURVIVAL OF THE SPECIES
•PHYLUM MOLLUSCA
- METHANOGEN – IT PRODUCES METHANE OR NATURAL
GAS. IT IS ALSO A THERMOPHILE (ABLE TO LIVE AT
TEMPERATURE OF 49 TO 94C
SOLUTION
MEDICINAL DRUG THERAPY ANTIGEN
(BASOMMATOPHORA NYPA SPECIE) EL –
FELTONIC SOLUTION (MEANING) E = ESTUARY,
L = LIMITED BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY. FELTONIC
SOLUTION. THE AUTHOR’S FIELDWORK
NAME (INVENTIVE GENUS) THE “ROOT”
HYDRO & GAS TO POWER
TURBINE
ETHANOL, BIOMASS,
GEOTHERMAL, SOLAR, NUCLEAR
DESALINATION PLANTS
SAVE OUR
SPECIES
•POLICY GOAL
- THE GOAL OF THE NATIONAL POLICY ON THE ENVIRONMENT IS TO ACHIEVE SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
IN NIGERIA.
- SECURE A QUALITY OF ENVIRONMENT ADEQUATE FOR GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING
- CONSERVE AND USE THE ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES FOR THE BENEFIT OF THE PRESENT
AND FUTURE GENERATION
- RESTORE, MAINTAIN AND ENHANCE THE ECOSYSTEMS AND ECOLOGICAL PROCESS ESSENTIAL FOR THE
FUNCTIONING OF THE BIOSPHERE TO PRESERVE BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY AND THE PRINCIPLE OF OPTIMUL
SUSTAINABLE YIELD IN THE USE OF LIVING NATURAL RESOURCE AND ECOSYSTEMS.
- RAISE PUBLIC AWARENESS AND PROMOTE UNDERSTANDING OF THE ESSENTIAL LINKAGES BETWEEN THE
ENVIRONMENT, RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT, COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPROVEMENT
- CO-OPERATE IN GOOD FAITH WITH OTHER COUNTRIES, INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATION AND AGENCIES TO
ACHIEVE OPTIMAL USE OF TRANSBOUNTARY NATURAL RESOURCES AND EFFECTIVE PREVENTION OR
ABATEMENT OF TRANSBOUNDARY ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION.
•DRAFT OBJECTIVE AND STRATEGIES FOR NIGERIA AGENDA 21
- INTEGRATE ENVIRONMENT INTO DEVELOPMENT PLANNING ALL LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT THE PRIVATE
SECTOR.
- COMMENCE A TRANSITION TO SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
- ADDESS SECTORAL PRIORITIES, PLANS, POLICIES AND STRAGEGIES FOR THE MAJOR SECTORS OF THE
ECONOMY
- SIMULTANEOUSLY FOSTER REGIONAL PARTNERSHIP.
UNDP SUPPORT ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT PROGRAMME FOR NIGERIA
(NIR/C3)
SUPPORTING AGENCIES AND CONVENTIONS TO THE CONSERVATION OF GREEN
ENVIRONMENT
MANY THANKS TO:
ADE ADEBAYO AND ALIU I. R
PROF. SENA BAKARE, PROF. BAMGBOYE, BARR .LANRE MABAWONKU,
MR. AHOVE .A,
PROF. PETER STOETT, DR. SARAH SIMON, WITT ARNE, FELIX KEMPTER,
JENNIFER ROZEL, ADAM LIEBER , KERRYN LANG,
BARR. UMOH OKON A, Dr. A. BABATUNDE OLAIDE-MESEWAKU, PETER
OLAIDE-MESEWAKU, PASTOR HENRY BASSEY
GLOBAL GREEN EARTH INITIATIVE
OFOUEO GREEN FOUNDATION