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Notes #3 Native species are plants and animals that naturally inhabit an area. Introduced species are species which are introduced into an ecosystem and usually either benefit or harmless to the ecosystem Also called foreign species Invasive species are organisms that can take over the habitat of native species or invade their bodies. Because of climate change and increased world travel and trade there is more movement of species into new ecosystems. The number of invasive species in ecosystems is increasing This can lead to loss of biodiversity Characterized by High reproductive rates Being aggressive competitors Lacking natural predators in new habitat Invasive species can exploite niches and affect native species through Competition Predation Disease Parasitism Habitat alteration Invasive species compete against native species for: Food Habitat Unbalance natural resource sharing Example: burweed on Saltspring Island From South America Competes with 4 natural species Spiny tips Invasive species may act as a predator to native species in the ecosystem Prey have not adapted to that predator (escape/fight) Example: Yellow crazy ants From West Africa Introduced to Christmas Island Austraila Build supercolonies (500 football fields) Prey on many things including red crabs (keystone species) Invasive species like viruses and bacteria and other organisms Weaken immune systems in native species Other species can outcompete weak species Example: Parasitic Sea Lamprey From Atlantic Ocean Moved into Great Lakes Attach to fish and suck out body fluids Invasive species can change ecosystems Native species unable to survive Examples Light levels Oxygen levels in water Soil chemistry Increased erosion Unbalance nutrient cycles and energy flow Example: Wild boars Damage systems by rooting, wallowing, and spreading weeds Omnivores: eat birds, reptiles, frogs, soil organisms, fruit, seeds, bulbs Eurasian milfoil Norway rat American bullfrog European starling Group Activity 8 groups Each group looks at one invasive species example Find out: Where it is invading How it got there What it does in the system How is it being combated 2 groups get together compare notes, then share with class